Fix launch crash: recursive dispatch_once between NostrRelayManager and NetworkActivationService (#1343)

* Fix launch crash: recursive dispatch_once between NostrRelayManager and NetworkActivationService

NostrRelayManager.init() runs applyDefaultRelayPolicy(force: true), which
calls dependencies.activationAllowed() when the user has location
permission or a mutual favorite. That closure resolves
NetworkActivationService.shared, whose init captured
NostrRelayManager.shared — re-entering the still-running dispatch_once on
the same thread. libdispatch traps on recursive dispatch_once
(EXC_BREAKPOINT in _dispatch_once_wait), killing the app ~50ms after
launch, before the first frame.

Fresh installs were unaffected (no permission, no favorites, so the
policy path never touched NetworkActivationService during init), which is
why this passed local testing but crashed established TestFlight users on
every launch. Two independent TestFlight crash reports on 1.5.2 (1)
show the identical stack.

Break the cycle by resolving the relay controller lazily: store a
provider closure in init and dereference NostrRelayManager.shared on
first use (start()/reevaluate()), after both singletons have finished
initializing. The injectable test initializer keeps its signature.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

* Bump version to 1.5.3

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

---------

Co-authored-by: jack <jackjackbits@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

.github/workflows/arti-provenance.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+name: Arti Binary Provenance
+
+# The Arti xcframework is a vendored binary; these checks turn the policy in
+# docs/ARTI-BINARY-PROVENANCE.md into an enforced gate:
+#  1. The checked-in binary must match the hash manifest in the provenance doc.
+#  2. A PR that changes the binary must also change at least one provenance
+#     input (Rust source, lockfile, build script, or the doc itself).
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - main
+    paths:
+      - "localPackages/Arti/**"
+      - "docs/ARTI-BINARY-PROVENANCE.md"
+  pull_request:
+    paths:
+      - "localPackages/Arti/**"
+      - "docs/ARTI-BINARY-PROVENANCE.md"
+
+jobs:
+  verify-hashes:
+    name: Verify xcframework hashes against provenance doc
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Compare artifact hashes with manifest
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          doc="docs/ARTI-BINARY-PROVENANCE.md"
+
+          # Extract the manifest: lines of "<sha256>  <path>" from the doc.
+          grep -E '^[0-9a-f]{64}  localPackages/Arti/Frameworks/arti\.xcframework/' "$doc" \
+            | sort -k2 > expected.txt
+
+          if [ ! -s expected.txt ]; then
+            echo "::error::No hash manifest found in $doc"
+            exit 1
+          fi
+
+          # Hash the same file set the doc documents.
+          find localPackages/Arti/Frameworks/arti.xcframework -maxdepth 3 -type f -print0 \
+            | sort -z | xargs -0 sha256sum | sed 's/  \.\//  /' | sort -k2 > actual.txt
+
+          if ! diff -u expected.txt actual.txt; then
+            echo "::error::Checked-in arti.xcframework does not match the manifest in $doc. If the binary change is intentional, rebuild per the doc and update the manifest in the same PR."
+            exit 1
+          fi
+          echo "All $(wc -l < actual.txt) artifact hashes match the provenance manifest."
+
+  require-provenance-evidence:
+    name: Binary changes must ship with provenance inputs
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Check changed files
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          base="origin/${{ github.base_ref }}"
+          git fetch --no-tags --depth=1 origin "${{ github.base_ref }}"
+          changed=$(git diff --name-only "$base"...HEAD)
+          echo "Changed files:"
+          echo "$changed"
+
+          if ! echo "$changed" | grep -q '^localPackages/Arti/Frameworks/arti\.xcframework/'; then
+            echo "No binary artifact changes; nothing to verify."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if echo "$changed" | grep -Eq '^(localPackages/Arti/(Cargo\.(toml|lock)|build-ios\.sh|arti-bitchat/)|docs/ARTI-BINARY-PROVENANCE\.md)'; then
+            echo "Binary change is accompanied by provenance inputs."
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          echo "::error::arti.xcframework changed without matching source, lockfile, build-script, or provenance-doc changes. See docs/ARTI-BINARY-PROVENANCE.md (\"Do not accept an xcframework-only update\")."
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/swift-tests.yml

@@ -8,8 +8,22 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   test:
-    name: Run Swift Tests
+    name: Run Swift Tests (${{ matrix.name }})
     runs-on: macos-latest
+    # A hung test must fail fast, not hold a runner for GitHub's 360-minute
+    # default (observed: intermittent app-suite hangs starving the queue).
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false # Don't cancel other matrix jobs when one fails
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: app
+            path: .
+          - name: BitLogger
+            path: localPackages/BitLogger
+          - name: BitFoundation
+            path: localPackages/BitFoundation
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
@@ -21,14 +35,108 @@ jobs:
       - name: Cache build artifacts
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
-          path: .build
+          path: ${{ matrix.path }}/.build
-          key: ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ hashFiles('**/*.swift', '**/Package.resolved') }}
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.name }}-${{ hashFiles(format('{0}/**/*.swift', matrix.path), format('{0}/**/Package.resolved', matrix.path)) }}
           restore-keys: |
-            ${{ runner.os }}-build-${{ hashFiles('**/Package.resolved') }}
+            ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.name }}-${{ hashFiles(format('{0}/**/Package.resolved', matrix.path)) }}
-            ${{ runner.os }}-build-
+            ${{ runner.os }}-${{ matrix.name }}-
 
-      - name: Build the package
+      - name: Build tests
-        run: swift build
+        # Built separately so the hang watchdog below times only test
+        # execution: a cold-cache coverage build on a slow runner can
+        # legitimately take several minutes, and is already bounded by the
+        # 15-minute job timeout.
+        run: swift build --build-tests --enable-code-coverage --package-path ${{ matrix.path }}
 
       - name: Run Tests
-        run: swift test --parallel
+        # Perf benchmarks are excluded here and run in their own serial step
+        # below: measuring while parallel test processes contend for cores
+        # produces noisy numbers, and the XCTest measure machinery has hung
+        # intermittently under parallel workers on loaded runners. Excluded
+        # via --skip (not just the env guard): every app run since the
+        # baselines landed timed out at the 15-minute job limit with the
+        # baseline tests dispatched into the parallel phase.
+        #
+        # The watchdog samples any still-running test processes after 5
+        # minutes (the suite passes in seconds when healthy; the build is
+        # done by this step) and kills the run, so a hang fails fast with
+        # stacks in the log instead of a silent timeout.
+        env:
+          BITCHAT_SKIP_PERF_BASELINES: "1"
+        run: |
+          swift test --skip-build --parallel --quiet --enable-code-coverage \
+            --skip PerformanceBaselineTests \
+            --package-path ${{ matrix.path }} &
+          test_pid=$!
+          (
+            sleep 300
+            if kill -0 "$test_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
+              echo "::group::Tests still running after 5 minutes — sampling before kill"
+              for pid in $(pgrep -if 'swiftpm-testing|xctest|PackageTests' || true); do
+                echo "--- sample of pid $pid ---"
+                sample "$pid" 5 2>/dev/null || true
+              done
+              echo "::endgroup::"
+              pkill -KILL -P "$test_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+              kill -KILL "$test_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+            fi
+          ) &
+          watchdog_pid=$!
+          wait "$test_pid" && status=0 || status=$?
+          kill "$watchdog_pid" 2>/dev/null || true
+          exit "$status"
+
+      # Benchmarks run serially on an otherwise idle runner for stable
+      # numbers; BITCHAT_PERF_LOG captures the PERF[...] lines for the gate.
+      - name: Run performance benchmarks (serial)
+        if: matrix.name == 'app'
+        timeout-minutes: 6
+        env:
+          BITCHAT_PERF_LOG: ${{ github.workspace }}/perf-output.log
+        run: swift test --quiet --filter PerformanceBaselineTests
+
+      # Order-of-magnitude performance regression gate. Floors are deliberately
+      # generous (see bitchatTests/Performance/perf-floors.json) so this
+      # catches algorithmic regressions, never runner variance.
+      - name: Performance floor gate
+        if: matrix.name == 'app'
+        run: ./scripts/check-perf-floors.sh perf-output.log
+
+      # Informational only: surfaces per-file and total line coverage in the
+      # job log so coverage trends are visible on every PR. No thresholds —
+      # this must never be the reason a build goes red.
+      - name: Coverage summary
+        run: |
+          BIN_PATH=$(swift build --show-bin-path --package-path ${{ matrix.path }})
+          PROF="$BIN_PATH/codecov/default.profdata"
+          XCTEST=$(find "$BIN_PATH" -maxdepth 1 -name '*.xctest' | head -1)
+          BINARY="$XCTEST/Contents/MacOS/$(basename "$XCTEST" .xctest)"
+          if [ -f "$PROF" ] && [ -f "$BINARY" ]; then
+            xcrun llvm-cov report "$BINARY" -instr-profile "$PROF" \
+              -ignore-filename-regex='(Tests|\.build|checkouts|Mocks|_PreviewHelpers)' || true
+          else
+            echo "No coverage data found; skipping summary."
+          fi
+
+  # SPM tests above only compile the macOS slice; this job covers the
+  # iOS-conditional code paths (UIKit, CoreBluetooth restoration, etc.).
+  ios-build:
+    name: Build iOS app (simulator)
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Build iOS (simulator, no signing)
+        # arm64 only: the vendored arti.xcframework has no x86_64 simulator slice.
+        run: |
+          set -o pipefail
+          xcodebuild -project bitchat.xcodeproj \
+            -scheme "bitchat (iOS)" \
+            -sdk iphonesimulator \
+            -destination 'generic/platform=iOS Simulator' \
+            ARCHS=arm64 \
+            CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO \
+            build

Configs/Release.xcconfig

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.1
+MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.3
 CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = 1
 
 IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = 16.0

PRIVACY_POLICY.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # bitchat Privacy Policy
 
-*Last updated: January 2025*
+*Last updated: June 2026*
 
 ## Our Commitment
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ bitchat is designed with privacy as its foundation. We believe private communica
 ## Summary
 
 - **No personal data collection** - We don't collect names, emails, or phone numbers
-- **No servers** - Everything happens on your device and through peer-to-peer connections
+- **No accounts or company servers** - Mesh chat works peer-to-peer; optional Nostr features use public or user-selected relays
 - **No tracking** - We have no analytics, telemetry, or user tracking
 - **Open source** - You can verify these claims by reading our code
 
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ bitchat is designed with privacy as its foundation. We believe private communica
 
 ### On Your Device Only
 
-1. **Identity Key** 
+1. **Identity Keys**
-   - A cryptographic key generated on first launch
+   - Cryptographic private keys generated on first launch or when optional Nostr identities are created
    - Stored locally in your device's secure storage
    - Allows you to maintain "favorite" relationships across app restarts
-   - Never leaves your device
+   - Private keys never leave your device; public keys are shared when needed for messaging
 
 2. **Nickname**
    - The display name you choose (or auto-generated)
@@ -38,12 +38,19 @@ bitchat is designed with privacy as its foundation. We believe private communica
    - Stored only on your device
    - Allows you to recognize these peers in future sessions
 
+5. **Optional Location Channel State**
+   - Your selected geohash channel, bookmarked geohashes, teleport flags, and bookmark display names
+   - Stored locally on your device so the location-channel UI can restore your choices
+   - Per-geohash Nostr identities are derived locally from a device seed stored in secure storage
+   - Exact latitude and longitude are not persisted by bitchat
+
 ### Temporary Session Data
 
 During each session, bitchat temporarily maintains:
 - Active peer connections (forgotten when app closes)
 - Routing information for message delivery
 - Cached messages for offline peers (12 hours max)
+- Your current location while optional location channels are enabled, used locally to compute geohash channels and friendly place names
 
 ## What Information is Shared
 
@@ -62,13 +69,21 @@ When you join a password-protected room:
 - Your nickname appears in the member list
 - Room owners can see you've joined
 
+### With Nostr Relays (Optional Features)
+
+If you enable Nostr-backed features:
+- Private fallback messages to mutual favorites are sent as encrypted NIP-17 gift wraps. Relays can see event metadata, but not message content.
+- Public location-channel messages, location notes, and presence are scoped with geohash tags. Relays and other participants can see the geohash tag, event kind, timestamp, and public key used for that geohash.
+- Exact GPS coordinates are not included in Nostr events by bitchat. The geohash precision you choose can still reveal an approximate area, from region-level to building-level.
+- Automatic presence heartbeats are limited to low-precision geohashes (region, province, and city). More precise geohash posts happen only when you use those channels or location notes.
+
 ## What We DON'T Do
 
 bitchat **never**:
 - Collects personal information
-- Tracks your location
+- Sells or shares your exact GPS location
-- Stores data on servers
+- Stores data on servers we operate
-- Shares data with third parties
+- Sells your data to advertisers or data brokers
 - Uses analytics or telemetry
 - Creates user profiles
 - Requires registration
@@ -84,19 +99,27 @@ All private messages use end-to-end encryption:
 ## Your Rights
 
 You have complete control:
-- **Delete Everything**: Triple-tap the logo to instantly wipe all data
+- **Delete Local State**: Triple-tap the logo to instantly wipe local keys, sessions, caches, and preferences
-- **Leave Anytime**: Close the app and your presence disappears
+- **Leave Anytime**: Close the app and local presence stops; relay-backed presence ages out
-- **No Account**: Nothing to delete from servers because there are none
+- **No Account**: No account record exists for you to delete from us
-- **Portability**: Your data never leaves your device unless you export it
+- **Portability**: Your local state stays on your device unless you send messages, use optional relay-backed features, or export it
 
 ## Bluetooth & Permissions
 
 bitchat requires Bluetooth permission to function:
 - Used only for peer-to-peer communication
-- No location data is accessed or stored
 - Bluetooth is not used for tracking
 - You can revoke this permission at any time in system settings
 
+## Location Permission
+
+Location permission is optional and is used only for location channels:
+- Used to compute local geohash channels and display names
+- Requested as when-in-use permission
+- Exact coordinates are not shared in messages or stored by bitchat
+- Selected and bookmarked geohashes may persist locally until you remove them, use panic wipe, or delete the app
+- You can revoke this permission at any time in system settings
+
 ## Children's Privacy
 
 bitchat does not knowingly collect information from children. The app has no age verification because it collects no personal information from anyone.
@@ -106,12 +129,15 @@ bitchat does not knowingly collect information from children. The app has no age
 - **Messages**: Deleted from memory when app closes (unless room retention is enabled)
 - **Identity Key**: Persists until you delete the app
 - **Favorites**: Persist until you remove them or delete the app
+- **Location channel choices**: Selected/bookmarked geohashes persist locally until removed, panic-wiped, or the app is deleted
+- **Nostr relay data**: Public geohash events and encrypted gift wraps may be retained by relays according to each relay's policy
 - **Everything Else**: Exists only during active sessions
 
 ## Security Measures
 
 - All communication is encrypted
-- No data transmitted to servers (there are none)
+- No accounts or company servers
+- Optional Nostr relays receive only the events needed for Nostr-backed private fallback or public location channels
 - Open source code for public audit
 - Regular security updates
 - Cryptographic signatures prevent tampering
@@ -121,7 +147,7 @@ bitchat does not knowingly collect information from children. The app has no age
 If we update this policy:
 - The "Last updated" date will change
 - The updated policy will be included in the app
-- No retroactive changes can affect data (since we don't collect any)
+- No retroactive changes can make us collect data already held only in your app
 
 ## Contact
 
@@ -132,7 +158,7 @@ bitchat is an open source project. For privacy questions:
 
 ## Philosophy
 
-Privacy isn't just a feature—it's the entire point. bitchat proves that modern communication doesn't require surrendering your privacy. No accounts, no servers, no surveillance. Just people talking freely.
+Privacy isn't just a feature—it's the entire point. bitchat proves that modern communication doesn't require surrendering your privacy. No accounts, no company servers, no analytics. Just people talking freely.
 
 ---
 

Package.swift

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ let package = Package(
     ],
     dependencies:[
         .package(path: "localPackages/Arti"),
+        .package(path: "localPackages/BitFoundation"),
         .package(path: "localPackages/BitLogger"),
         .package(url: "https://github.com/21-DOT-DEV/swift-secp256k1", exact: "0.21.1")
     ],
@@ -25,6 +26,7 @@ let package = Package(
             name: "bitchat",
             dependencies: [
                 .product(name: "P256K", package: "swift-secp256k1"),
+                .product(name: "BitFoundation", package: "BitFoundation"),
                 .product(name: "BitLogger", package: "BitLogger"),
                 .product(name: "Tor", package: "Arti")
             ],
@@ -44,15 +46,24 @@ let package = Package(
         ),
         .testTarget(
             name: "bitchatTests",
-            dependencies: ["bitchat"],
+            dependencies: [
+                "bitchat",
+                .product(name: "BitFoundation", package: "BitFoundation")
+            ],
             path: "bitchatTests",
             exclude: [
                 "Info.plist",
-                "README.md"
+                "README.md",
+                // CI perf gate data (read by scripts/check-perf-floors.sh),
+                // not a test resource.
+                "Performance/perf-floors.json"
             ],
             resources: [
                 .process("Localization"),
-                .process("Noise")
+                // Only the vector fixture: declaring the whole "Noise"
+                // directory would claim its .swift test files as resources
+                // and silently drop them from compilation.
+                .process("Noise/NoiseTestVectors.json")
             ]
         )
     ]

bitchat.xcodeproj/project.pbxproj

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
 		17901751FD8010AFC8E750F2 /* bitchatShareExtension.appex in Embed Foundation Extensions */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; fileRef = 61F92EBA29C47C0FCC482F1F /* bitchatShareExtension.appex */; settings = {ATTRIBUTES = (RemoveHeadersOnCopy, ); }; };
 		3EE336D150427F736F32B56C /* P256K in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = B1D9136AA0083366353BFA2F /* P256K */; };
 		885BBED78092484A5B069461 /* P256K in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = 4EB6BA1B8464F1EA38F4E286 /* P256K */; };
+		A6BCF9482F80953E001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = A6BCF9472F80953E001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation */; };
+		A6BCF94A2F809550001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = A6BCF9492F809550001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation */; };
 		A6E3E5702E77036A0032EA8A /* BitLogger in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = A6E3E56F2E77036A0032EA8A /* BitLogger */; };
 		A6E3E5722E7703760032EA8A /* BitLogger in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = A6E3E5712E7703760032EA8A /* BitLogger */; };
 		A6E3EA7F2E7706720032EA8A /* Tor in Frameworks */ = {isa = PBXBuildFile; productRef = A6E3EA7E2E7706720032EA8A /* Tor */; };
@@ -156,6 +158,7 @@
 				A6E3E5722E7703760032EA8A /* BitLogger in Frameworks */,
 				3EE336D150427F736F32B56C /* P256K in Frameworks */,
 				A6E3EA812E7706A80032EA8A /* Tor in Frameworks */,
+				A6BCF94A2F809550001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation in Frameworks */,
 			);
 		};
 		B5A5CC493FFB3D8966548140 /* Frameworks */ = {
@@ -164,6 +167,7 @@
 				A6E3E5702E77036A0032EA8A /* BitLogger in Frameworks */,
 				885BBED78092484A5B069461 /* P256K in Frameworks */,
 				A6E3EA7F2E7706720032EA8A /* Tor in Frameworks */,
+				A6BCF9482F80953E001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation in Frameworks */,
 			);
 		};
 /* End PBXFrameworksBuildPhase section */
@@ -223,6 +227,7 @@
 				B1D9136AA0083366353BFA2F /* P256K */,
 				A6E3E5712E7703760032EA8A /* BitLogger */,
 				A6E3EA802E7706A80032EA8A /* Tor */,
+				A6BCF9492F809550001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation */,
 			);
 			productName = bitchat_macOS;
 			productReference = 8F3A7C058C2C8E1A06C8CF8B /* bitchat.app */;
@@ -303,6 +308,7 @@
 				4EB6BA1B8464F1EA38F4E286 /* P256K */,
 				A6E3E56F2E77036A0032EA8A /* BitLogger */,
 				A6E3EA7E2E7706720032EA8A /* Tor */,
+				A6BCF9472F80953E001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation */,
 			);
 			productName = bitchat_iOS;
 			productReference = 96D0D41CA19EE5A772AA8434 /* bitchat.app */;
@@ -315,7 +321,7 @@
 			isa = PBXProject;
 			attributes = {
 				BuildIndependentTargetsInParallel = YES;
-				LastUpgradeCheck = 1640;
+				LastUpgradeCheck = 2650;
 			};
 			buildConfigurationList = 3EA424CBD51200895D361189 /* Build configuration list for PBXProject "bitchat" */;
 			developmentRegion = en;
@@ -344,6 +350,7 @@
 				B8C407587481BBB190741C93 /* XCRemoteSwiftPackageReference "swift-secp256k1" */,
 				A6E3E56E2E77036A0032EA8A /* XCLocalSwiftPackageReference "localPackages/BitLogger" */,
 				A6E3EA7D2E7706720032EA8A /* XCLocalSwiftPackageReference "localPackages/Arti" */,
+				A6BCF9462F80953E001CF9B9 /* XCLocalSwiftPackageReference "localPackages/BitFoundation" */,
 			);
 			preferredProjectObjectVersion = 90;
 			projectDirPath = "";
@@ -439,7 +446,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED = YES;
 				CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED = YES;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchatTests/Info.plist;
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "$(IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)";
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
@@ -464,7 +470,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED = YES;
 				CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED = YES;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchatTests/Info.plist;
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "$(IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)";
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
@@ -491,7 +496,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
 				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
 				DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchatTests/Info.plist;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
 					"$(inherited)",
@@ -516,7 +520,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_ALLOW_ENTITLEMENTS_MODIFICATION = YES;
 				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = bitchatShareExtension/bitchatShareExtension.entitlements;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchatShareExtension/Info.plist;
 				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = bitchat;
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "$(IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)";
@@ -549,7 +552,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = bitchat/bitchat.entitlements;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
 				DEVELOPMENT_ASSET_PATHS = bitchat/_PreviewHelpers;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				ENABLE_PREVIEWS = NO;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchat/Info.plist;
 				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = bitchat;
@@ -559,7 +561,7 @@
 					"$(inherited)",
 					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
 				);
-				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.1;
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.3;
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = bitchat;
 				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
@@ -583,7 +585,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
 				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
 				DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchatTests/Info.plist;
 				LD_RUNPATH_SEARCH_PATHS = (
 					"$(inherited)",
@@ -610,7 +611,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = bitchat/bitchat.entitlements;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
 				DEVELOPMENT_ASSET_PATHS = bitchat/_PreviewHelpers;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				ENABLE_PREVIEWS = YES;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchat/Info.plist;
 				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = bitchat;
@@ -620,7 +620,7 @@
 					"$(inherited)",
 					"@executable_path/Frameworks",
 				);
-				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.1;
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.3;
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = bitchat;
 				SDKROOT = iphoneos;
@@ -646,7 +646,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
 				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
 				DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				ENABLE_PREVIEWS = YES;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchat/Info.plist;
 				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = bitchat;
@@ -656,7 +655,7 @@
 					"@executable_path/../Frameworks",
 				);
 				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "$(MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)";
-				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.1;
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.3;
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = bitchat;
 				REGISTER_APP_GROUPS = YES;
@@ -669,6 +668,7 @@
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			buildSettings = {
 				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_LOCALIZABILITY_NONLOCALIZED = YES;
 				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
 				CLANG_ANALYZER_NUMBER_OBJECT_CONVERSION = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
 				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++14";
@@ -702,6 +702,7 @@
 				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = "$(CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION)";
 				DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES;
 				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = "dwarf-with-dsym";
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				ENABLE_NS_ASSERTIONS = NO;
 				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
 				ENABLE_USER_SCRIPT_SANDBOXING = YES;
@@ -719,6 +720,7 @@
 				MTL_ENABLE_DEBUG_INFO = NO;
 				MTL_FAST_MATH = YES;
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				STRING_CATALOG_GENERATE_SYMBOLS = NO;
 				SWIFT_COMPILATION_MODE = wholemodule;
 				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-O";
 				SWIFT_VERSION = "$(SWIFT_VERSION)";
@@ -738,7 +740,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
 				COMBINE_HIDPI_IMAGES = YES;
 				DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES;
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				ENABLE_PREVIEWS = NO;
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchat/Info.plist;
 				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = bitchat;
@@ -748,7 +749,7 @@
 					"@executable_path/../Frameworks",
 				);
 				MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "$(MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)";
-				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.1;
+				MARKETING_VERSION = 1.5.3;
 				PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER = "$(PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER)";
 				PRODUCT_NAME = bitchat;
 				REGISTER_APP_GROUPS = YES;
@@ -761,6 +762,7 @@
 			isa = XCBuildConfiguration;
 			buildSettings = {
 				ALWAYS_SEARCH_USER_PATHS = NO;
+				CLANG_ANALYZER_LOCALIZABILITY_NONLOCALIZED = YES;
 				CLANG_ANALYZER_NONNULL = YES;
 				CLANG_ANALYZER_NUMBER_OBJECT_CONVERSION = YES_AGGRESSIVE;
 				CLANG_CXX_LANGUAGE_STANDARD = "gnu++14";
@@ -794,6 +796,7 @@
 				CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION = "$(CURRENT_PROJECT_VERSION)";
 				DEAD_CODE_STRIPPING = YES;
 				DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT = dwarf;
+				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				ENABLE_STRICT_OBJC_MSGSEND = YES;
 				ENABLE_TESTABILITY = YES;
 				ENABLE_USER_SCRIPT_SANDBOXING = YES;
@@ -818,6 +821,7 @@
 				MTL_FAST_MATH = YES;
 				ONLY_ACTIVE_ARCH = YES;
 				PRODUCT_NAME = "$(TARGET_NAME)";
+				STRING_CATALOG_GENERATE_SYMBOLS = NO;
 				SWIFT_ACTIVE_COMPILATION_CONDITIONS = DEBUG;
 				SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL = "-Onone";
 				SWIFT_VERSION = "$(SWIFT_VERSION)";
@@ -834,7 +838,6 @@
 				CODE_SIGN_ALLOW_ENTITLEMENTS_MODIFICATION = YES;
 				CODE_SIGN_ENTITLEMENTS = bitchatShareExtension/bitchatShareExtension.entitlements;
 				CODE_SIGN_STYLE = "$(CODE_SIGN_STYLE)";
-				DEVELOPMENT_TEAM = "$(DEVELOPMENT_TEAM)";
 				INFOPLIST_FILE = bitchatShareExtension/Info.plist;
 				INFOPLIST_KEY_CFBundleDisplayName = bitchat;
 				IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET = "$(IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET)";
@@ -909,6 +912,10 @@
 /* End XCConfigurationList section */
 
 /* Begin XCLocalSwiftPackageReference section */
+		A6BCF9462F80953E001CF9B9 /* XCLocalSwiftPackageReference "localPackages/BitFoundation" */ = {
+			isa = XCLocalSwiftPackageReference;
+			relativePath = localPackages/BitFoundation;
+		};
 		A6E3E56E2E77036A0032EA8A /* XCLocalSwiftPackageReference "localPackages/BitLogger" */ = {
 			isa = XCLocalSwiftPackageReference;
 			relativePath = localPackages/BitLogger;
@@ -936,6 +943,15 @@
 			package = B8C407587481BBB190741C93 /* XCRemoteSwiftPackageReference "swift-secp256k1" */;
 			productName = P256K;
 		};
+		A6BCF9472F80953E001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation */ = {
+			isa = XCSwiftPackageProductDependency;
+			productName = BitFoundation;
+		};
+		A6BCF9492F809550001CF9B9 /* BitFoundation */ = {
+			isa = XCSwiftPackageProductDependency;
+			package = A6BCF9462F80953E001CF9B9 /* XCLocalSwiftPackageReference "localPackages/BitFoundation" */;
+			productName = BitFoundation;
+		};
 		A6E3E56F2E77036A0032EA8A /* BitLogger */ = {
 			isa = XCSwiftPackageProductDependency;
 			productName = BitLogger;

bitchat.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/bitchat (iOS).xcscheme

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "1640"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "2650"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"

bitchat.xcodeproj/xcshareddata/xcschemes/bitchat (macOS).xcscheme

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <Scheme
-   LastUpgradeVersion = "1640"
+   LastUpgradeVersion = "2650"
    version = "1.3">
    <BuildAction
       parallelizeBuildables = "YES"

bitchat/App/AppArchitecture.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+enum SharedContentKind: String, Sendable, Equatable {
+    case text
+    case url
+}
+
+enum RuntimeScenePhase: String, Sendable, Equatable {
+    case active
+    case inactive
+    case background
+}
+
+enum TorLifecycleEvent: String, Sendable, Equatable {
+    case willStart
+    case willRestart
+    case didBecomeReady
+    case preferenceChanged
+}
+
+enum AppEvent: Sendable, Equatable {
+    case launched
+    case startupCompleted
+    case scenePhaseChanged(RuntimeScenePhase)
+    case openedURL(String)
+    case sharedContentAccepted(SharedContentKind)
+    case notificationOpened(peerID: PeerID?)
+    case deepLinkOpened(String)
+    case torLifecycleChanged(TorLifecycleEvent)
+    case nostrRelayConnectionChanged(Bool)
+    case terminationRequested
+}
+
+actor AppEventStream {
+    private var continuations: [UUID: AsyncStream<AppEvent>.Continuation] = [:]
+
+    func stream() -> AsyncStream<AppEvent> {
+        let id = UUID()
+        return AsyncStream { continuation in
+            continuations[id] = continuation
+            continuation.onTermination = { [id] _ in
+                Task {
+                    await self.removeContinuation(id)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func emit(_ event: AppEvent) {
+        for continuation in continuations.values {
+            continuation.yield(event)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func finish() {
+        for continuation in continuations.values {
+            continuation.finish()
+        }
+        continuations.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    private func removeContinuation(_ id: UUID) {
+        continuations.removeValue(forKey: id)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Identity key for a direct conversation. Equality and hashing use the
+/// canonical `id` only; `routingPeerID` carries the transport-level peer ID
+/// the conversation is keyed under (see `ConversationID.directPeer`).
+struct PeerHandle: Sendable, Identifiable {
+    let id: String
+    let routingPeerID: PeerID
+}
+
+extension PeerHandle: Equatable {
+    static func == (lhs: PeerHandle, rhs: PeerHandle) -> Bool {
+        lhs.id == rhs.id
+    }
+}
+
+extension PeerHandle: Hashable {
+    func hash(into hasher: inout Hasher) {
+        hasher.combine(id)
+    }
+}
+
+enum ConversationID: Hashable, Sendable {
+    case mesh
+    case geohash(String)
+    case direct(PeerHandle)
+
+    init(channelID: ChannelID) {
+        switch channelID {
+        case .mesh:
+            self = .mesh
+        case .location(let channel):
+            self = .geohash(channel.geohash.lowercased())
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/AppChromeModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import CoreBluetooth
+import Foundation
+
+@MainActor
+final class AppChromeModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var hasUnreadPrivateMessages = false
+    @Published var nickname: String
+    @Published var showingFingerprintFor: PeerID?
+    @Published var isAppInfoPresented = false
+    @Published var isLocationChannelsSheetPresented = false
+    @Published var showBluetoothAlert = false
+    @Published var bluetoothAlertMessage = ""
+    @Published var bluetoothState: CBManagerState = .unknown
+    @Published var showScreenshotPrivacyWarning = false
+
+    private let chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(chatViewModel: ChatViewModel, privateInboxModel: PrivateInboxModel) {
+        self.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
+        self.nickname = chatViewModel.nickname
+
+        bind(privateInboxModel: privateInboxModel)
+    }
+
+    var shouldSuppressScreenshotNotification: Bool {
+        isLocationChannelsSheetPresented || isAppInfoPresented
+    }
+
+    func setNickname(_ nickname: String) {
+        self.nickname = nickname
+        if chatViewModel.nickname != nickname {
+            chatViewModel.nickname = nickname
+        }
+    }
+
+    func validateAndSaveNickname() {
+        chatViewModel.validateAndSaveNickname()
+        if nickname != chatViewModel.nickname {
+            nickname = chatViewModel.nickname
+        }
+    }
+
+    func openMostRelevantPrivateChat() {
+        chatViewModel.openMostRelevantPrivateChat()
+    }
+
+    func showFingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) {
+        showingFingerprintFor = peerID
+    }
+
+    func clearFingerprint() {
+        showingFingerprintFor = nil
+    }
+
+    func presentAppInfo() {
+        isAppInfoPresented = true
+    }
+
+    func triggerScreenshotPrivacyWarning() {
+        showScreenshotPrivacyWarning = true
+    }
+
+    func panicClearAllData() {
+        chatViewModel.panicClearAllData()
+    }
+
+    private func bind(privateInboxModel: PrivateInboxModel) {
+        privateInboxModel.$unreadPeerIDs
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] unreadPeerIDs in
+                self?.hasUnreadPrivateMessages = !unreadPeerIDs.isEmpty
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        chatViewModel.$nickname
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] nickname in
+                guard let self, self.nickname != nickname else { return }
+                self.nickname = nickname
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        chatViewModel.$showBluetoothAlert
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$showBluetoothAlert)
+
+        chatViewModel.$bluetoothAlertMessage
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$bluetoothAlertMessage)
+
+        chatViewModel.$bluetoothState
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$bluetoothState)
+
+        hasUnreadPrivateMessages = !privateInboxModel.unreadPeerIDs.isEmpty
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/AppRuntime.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+import SwiftUI
+import Tor
+import UserNotifications
+#if os(iOS)
+import UIKit
+#elseif os(macOS)
+import AppKit
+#endif
+
+@MainActor
+final class AppRuntime: ObservableObject {
+    let chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    let events = AppEventStream()
+    /// Single source of truth for conversation message state and selection
+    /// (docs/CONVERSATION-STORE-DESIGN.md). Owned here; the feature models
+    /// and `ChatViewModel` observe and mutate it through its intent API.
+    let conversations: ConversationStore
+    let peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore
+    let locationPresenceStore: LocationPresenceStore
+    let publicChatModel: PublicChatModel
+    let privateInboxModel: PrivateInboxModel
+    let privateConversationModel: PrivateConversationModel
+    let verificationModel: VerificationModel
+    let conversationUIModel: ConversationUIModel
+    let locationChannelsModel: LocationChannelsModel
+    let peerListModel: PeerListModel
+    let appChromeModel: AppChromeModel
+
+    private let idBridge: NostrIdentityBridge
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+    private var started = false
+    private var lastNostrRelayConnectedState = false
+    private var didHandleInitialNostrConnection = false
+
+    #if os(iOS)
+    private var didHandleInitialActive = false
+    private var didEnterBackground = false
+    #endif
+
+    init(
+        keychain: KeychainManagerProtocol = KeychainManager(),
+        idBridge: NostrIdentityBridge = NostrIdentityBridge()
+    ) {
+        self.idBridge = idBridge
+        let conversations = ConversationStore()
+        let peerIdentityStore = PeerIdentityStore()
+        let locationPresenceStore = LocationPresenceStore()
+        let locationManager = LocationChannelManager.shared
+        self.conversations = conversations
+        self.peerIdentityStore = peerIdentityStore
+        self.locationPresenceStore = locationPresenceStore
+        self.chatViewModel = ChatViewModel(
+            keychain: keychain,
+            idBridge: idBridge,
+            identityManager: SecureIdentityStateManager(keychain),
+            conversations: conversations,
+            peerIdentityStore: peerIdentityStore,
+            locationPresenceStore: locationPresenceStore,
+            locationManager: locationManager
+        )
+        self.publicChatModel = PublicChatModel(conversations: conversations)
+        self.privateInboxModel = PrivateInboxModel(conversations: conversations)
+        self.locationChannelsModel = LocationChannelsModel(manager: locationManager)
+        self.privateConversationModel = PrivateConversationModel(
+            chatViewModel: self.chatViewModel,
+            conversations: conversations,
+            locationChannelsModel: self.locationChannelsModel,
+            peerIdentityStore: peerIdentityStore
+        )
+        self.verificationModel = VerificationModel(
+            chatViewModel: self.chatViewModel,
+            privateConversationModel: self.privateConversationModel,
+            peerIdentityStore: peerIdentityStore
+        )
+        self.conversationUIModel = ConversationUIModel(
+            chatViewModel: self.chatViewModel,
+            privateConversationModel: self.privateConversationModel,
+            conversations: conversations
+        )
+        self.peerListModel = PeerListModel(
+            chatViewModel: self.chatViewModel,
+            conversations: conversations,
+            locationChannelsModel: self.locationChannelsModel,
+            peerIdentityStore: peerIdentityStore,
+            locationPresenceStore: locationPresenceStore
+        )
+        self.appChromeModel = AppChromeModel(
+            chatViewModel: self.chatViewModel,
+            privateInboxModel: self.privateInboxModel
+        )
+
+        GeoRelayDirectory.shared.prefetchIfNeeded()
+        bindRuntimeObservers()
+        NotificationDelegate.shared.runtime = self
+    }
+
+    func start() {
+        guard !started else {
+            checkForSharedContent()
+            return
+        }
+
+        started = true
+        NotificationDelegate.shared.runtime = self
+        VerificationService.shared.configure(with: chatViewModel.meshService)
+        announceInitialTorStatusIfNeeded()
+
+        Task(priority: .utility) { [weak self] in
+            guard let self else { return }
+            let nickname = await MainActor.run { self.chatViewModel.nickname }
+            let npub = await MainActor.run {
+                try? self.idBridge.getCurrentNostrIdentity()?.npub
+            }
+            await MainActor.run {
+                _ = VerificationService.shared.buildMyQRString(nickname: nickname, npub: npub)
+            }
+        }
+
+        NetworkActivationService.shared.start()
+        GeohashPresenceService.shared.start()
+        checkForSharedContent()
+
+        record(.launched)
+        record(.startupCompleted)
+    }
+
+    func handleOpenURL(_ url: URL) {
+        record(.openedURL(url.absoluteString))
+
+        if url.scheme == "bitchat", url.host == "share" {
+            checkForSharedContent()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func handleDidBecomeActiveNotification() {
+        chatViewModel.handleDidBecomeActive()
+        checkForSharedContent()
+    }
+
+    #if os(macOS)
+    func handleMacDidBecomeActiveNotification() {
+        record(.scenePhaseChanged(.active))
+        chatViewModel.handleDidBecomeActive()
+        checkForSharedContent()
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    #if os(iOS)
+    func handleScenePhaseChange(_ newPhase: ScenePhase) {
+        switch newPhase {
+        case .background:
+            record(.scenePhaseChanged(.background))
+            TorManager.shared.setAppForeground(false)
+            TorManager.shared.goDormantOnBackground()
+            chatViewModel.endGeohashSampling()
+            NostrRelayManager.shared.disconnect()
+            didEnterBackground = true
+
+        case .active:
+            record(.scenePhaseChanged(.active))
+            chatViewModel.meshService.startServices()
+            TorManager.shared.setAppForeground(true)
+            let shouldRefreshNostrConnections = didHandleInitialActive && didEnterBackground
+
+            if didHandleInitialActive && didEnterBackground {
+                if TorManager.shared.isAutoStartAllowed() && !TorManager.shared.isReady {
+                    TorManager.shared.ensureRunningOnForeground()
+                }
+            } else {
+                didHandleInitialActive = true
+            }
+
+            didEnterBackground = false
+
+            if shouldRefreshNostrConnections && TorManager.shared.isAutoStartAllowed() {
+                Task.detached {
+                    let _ = await TorManager.shared.awaitReady(timeout: 60)
+                    await MainActor.run {
+                        TorURLSession.shared.rebuild()
+                        NostrRelayManager.shared.resetAllConnections()
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            chatViewModel.handleDidBecomeActive()
+            checkForSharedContent()
+
+        case .inactive:
+            record(.scenePhaseChanged(.inactive))
+
+        @unknown default:
+            break
+        }
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    func applicationWillTerminate() {
+        record(.terminationRequested)
+        chatViewModel.applicationWillTerminate()
+    }
+
+    func handleNotificationResponse(identifier: String, userInfo: [AnyHashable: Any]) {
+        if identifier.hasPrefix("private-"), let peerID = PeerID(str: userInfo["peerID"] as? String) {
+            record(.notificationOpened(peerID: peerID))
+            chatViewModel.startPrivateChat(with: peerID)
+        }
+
+        if let deepLink = userInfo["deeplink"] as? String, let url = URL(string: deepLink) {
+            record(.deepLinkOpened(deepLink))
+            openExternalURL(url)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func presentationOptions(
+        forNotificationIdentifier identifier: String,
+        userInfo: [AnyHashable: Any]
+    ) async -> UNNotificationPresentationOptions {
+        if identifier.hasPrefix("private-"), let peerID = PeerID(str: userInfo["peerID"] as? String) {
+            if conversations.selectedPrivatePeerID == peerID {
+                return []
+            }
+            return [.banner, .sound]
+        }
+
+        if identifier.hasPrefix("geo-activity-"),
+           let deepLink = userInfo["deeplink"] as? String,
+           let geohash = deepLink.components(separatedBy: "/").last,
+           case .location(let channel) = locationChannelsModel.selectedChannel,
+           channel.geohash == geohash {
+            return []
+        }
+
+        return [.banner, .sound]
+    }
+}
+
+private extension AppRuntime {
+    func bindRuntimeObservers() {
+        NostrRelayManager.shared.$isConnected
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] isConnected in
+                self?.handleNostrRelayConnectionChanged(isConnected)
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .TorWillRestart)
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.record(.torLifecycleChanged(.willRestart))
+                self?.chatViewModel.handleTorWillRestart()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .TorDidBecomeReady)
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.record(.torLifecycleChanged(.didBecomeReady))
+                self?.chatViewModel.handleTorDidBecomeReady()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .TorWillStart)
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.record(.torLifecycleChanged(.willStart))
+                self?.chatViewModel.handleTorWillStart()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .TorUserPreferenceChanged)
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] notification in
+                self?.record(.torLifecycleChanged(.preferenceChanged))
+                self?.chatViewModel.handleTorPreferenceChanged(notification)
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        #if os(iOS)
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: UIApplication.userDidTakeScreenshotNotification)
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.handleScreenshotCaptured()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    func checkForSharedContent() {
+        guard let userDefaults = UserDefaults(suiteName: BitchatApp.groupID),
+              let sharedContent = userDefaults.string(forKey: "sharedContent"),
+              let sharedDate = userDefaults.object(forKey: "sharedContentDate") as? Date else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        guard Date().timeIntervalSince(sharedDate) < TransportConfig.uiShareAcceptWindowSeconds else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        let contentKind = SharedContentKind(rawValue: userDefaults.string(forKey: "sharedContentType") ?? "") ?? .text
+
+        userDefaults.removeObject(forKey: "sharedContent")
+        userDefaults.removeObject(forKey: "sharedContentType")
+        userDefaults.removeObject(forKey: "sharedContentDate")
+
+        switch contentKind {
+        case .url:
+            if let data = sharedContent.data(using: .utf8),
+               let urlData = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: String],
+               let url = urlData["url"] {
+                chatViewModel.sendMessage(url)
+            } else {
+                chatViewModel.sendMessage(sharedContent)
+            }
+        case .text:
+            chatViewModel.sendMessage(sharedContent)
+        }
+
+        record(.sharedContentAccepted(contentKind))
+    }
+
+    func handleNostrRelayConnectionChanged(_ isConnected: Bool) {
+        record(.nostrRelayConnectionChanged(isConnected))
+
+        let becameConnected = isConnected && !lastNostrRelayConnectedState
+        lastNostrRelayConnectedState = isConnected
+
+        guard started, becameConnected else { return }
+
+        let isInitialConnection = !didHandleInitialNostrConnection
+        didHandleInitialNostrConnection = true
+
+        if !chatViewModel.nostrHandlersSetup {
+            chatViewModel.setupNostrMessageHandling()
+            chatViewModel.nostrHandlersSetup = true
+        }
+
+        guard !isInitialConnection else { return }
+
+        chatViewModel.resubscribeCurrentGeohash()
+        chatViewModel.geoChannelCoordinator?.refreshSampling()
+    }
+
+    func announceInitialTorStatusIfNeeded() {
+        if TorManager.shared.torEnforced &&
+            !chatViewModel.torStatusAnnounced &&
+            TorManager.shared.isAutoStartAllowed() {
+            chatViewModel.torStatusAnnounced = true
+            chatViewModel.addGeohashOnlySystemMessage(
+                String(localized: "system.tor.starting", comment: "System message when Tor is starting")
+            )
+        } else if !TorManager.shared.torEnforced && !chatViewModel.torStatusAnnounced {
+            chatViewModel.torStatusAnnounced = true
+            chatViewModel.addGeohashOnlySystemMessage(
+                String(localized: "system.tor.dev_bypass", comment: "System message when Tor bypass is enabled in development")
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    func handleScreenshotCaptured() {
+        if appChromeModel.isLocationChannelsSheetPresented {
+            appChromeModel.triggerScreenshotPrivacyWarning()
+            return
+        }
+
+        if appChromeModel.isAppInfoPresented {
+            return
+        }
+
+        chatViewModel.handleScreenshotCaptured()
+    }
+
+    func openExternalURL(_ url: URL) {
+        #if os(iOS)
+        UIApplication.shared.open(url)
+        #else
+        NSWorkspace.shared.open(url)
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    func record(_ event: AppEvent) {
+        Task {
+            await events.emit(event)
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/ConversationStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,918 @@
+//
+// ConversationStore.swift
+// bitchat
+//
+// Single source of truth for conversation message state (see
+// docs/CONVERSATION-STORE-DESIGN.md). One `Conversation` object per
+// `ConversationID`; all mutations flow through the store's intent API and
+// every mutation emits a `ConversationChange` after state is consistent.
+//
+// The store also owns conversation selection: the active public channel and
+// the selected private peer (the two UI selection axes) plus the derived
+// `selectedConversationID`.
+//
+// This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+// For more information, see <https://unlicense.org>
+//
+
+import BitFoundation
+import BitLogger
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+// MARK: - Conversation
+
+/// A single conversation timeline (`.mesh`, `.geohash`, or `.direct`).
+///
+/// Publishing granularity is per conversation: views observe ONE
+/// `Conversation` object, so an append to chat A never invalidates observers
+/// of chat B.
+///
+/// Mutations are `fileprivate` by design — only `ConversationStore`'s intent
+/// API may mutate a conversation, keeping the store the sole writer.
+@MainActor
+final class Conversation: ObservableObject, Identifiable {
+    let id: ConversationID
+    /// Maximum retained messages; oldest are trimmed on overflow.
+    let cap: Int
+
+    @Published private(set) var messages: [BitchatMessage] = []
+    @Published private(set) var isUnread: Bool = false
+
+    /// Incrementally-maintained message-ID → index map for O(1) dedup and
+    /// delivery-status lookup. Kept in sync on every mutation:
+    /// - tail append: single insert
+    /// - out-of-order insert: suffix reindex from the insertion point
+    /// - trim: full rebuild — `removeFirst(k)` is already O(n), so the
+    ///   rebuild does not change the asymptotics, and trim only happens once
+    ///   the cap (1337) is reached. Simple and correct beats the
+    ///   offset-tracking alternative here.
+    private var indexByMessageID: [String: Int] = [:]
+
+    fileprivate init(id: ConversationID, cap: Int) {
+        self.id = id
+        self.cap = max(1, cap)
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Reads
+
+    func containsMessage(withID messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        indexByMessageID[messageID] != nil
+    }
+
+    func message(withID messageID: String) -> BitchatMessage? {
+        guard let index = indexByMessageID[messageID] else { return nil }
+        return messages[index]
+    }
+
+    /// All message IDs currently in this conversation (unordered).
+    var messageIDs: Dictionary<String, Int>.Keys {
+        indexByMessageID.keys
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Store-internal mutations
+
+    /// Result of an ordered insert. `trimmedMessageIDs` reports messages
+    /// evicted by the cap so the store can keep its message-ID →
+    /// conversation map exact.
+    fileprivate struct InsertResult {
+        let inserted: Bool
+        let trimmedMessageIDs: [String]
+
+        static let duplicate = InsertResult(inserted: false, trimmedMessageIDs: [])
+    }
+
+    fileprivate enum UpsertOutcome {
+        case appended(trimmedMessageIDs: [String])
+        case updated
+    }
+
+    /// Inserts a message in timestamp order, deduplicating by message ID.
+    /// Fast path appends when the timestamp is >= the current tail;
+    /// otherwise a binary search finds the upper-bound insertion point so
+    /// arrival order is preserved among equal timestamps.
+    /// Reports `inserted: false` if a message with the same ID already exists.
+    fileprivate func insert(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> InsertResult {
+        guard indexByMessageID[message.id] == nil else { return .duplicate }
+
+        if let last = messages.last, message.timestamp < last.timestamp {
+            let index = insertionIndex(for: message.timestamp)
+            messages.insert(message, at: index)
+            reindex(from: index)
+        } else {
+            messages.append(message)
+            indexByMessageID[message.id] = messages.count - 1
+        }
+
+        return InsertResult(inserted: true, trimmedMessageIDs: trimIfNeeded())
+    }
+
+    /// Replace-or-append by message ID. An existing message keeps its
+    /// timeline position (in-place updates like media progress reuse the
+    /// original timestamp); a new message goes through ordered insertion.
+    fileprivate func upsert(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> UpsertOutcome {
+        if let index = indexByMessageID[message.id] {
+            messages[index] = message
+            return .updated
+        }
+        let result = insert(message)
+        return .appended(trimmedMessageIDs: result.trimmedMessageIDs)
+    }
+
+    /// Applies a delivery status keyed by message ID, honoring the
+    /// no-downgrade rule (the SOLE enforcement point — every delivery
+    /// update flows through the store): equal statuses are skipped, and
+    /// `.read` is never downgraded to `.delivered` or `.sent`.
+    /// Returns `true` when the status was applied.
+    fileprivate func applyDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        guard let index = indexByMessageID[messageID] else { return false }
+        let message = messages[index]
+        guard !Self.shouldSkipStatusUpdate(current: message.deliveryStatus, new: status) else { return false }
+
+        message.deliveryStatus = status
+        // BitchatMessage is a reference type; write back through the
+        // subscript so the @Published wrapper emits.
+        messages[index] = message
+        return true
+    }
+
+    /// Republishes a message without changing state. Used for mirrored
+    /// copies that share a BitchatMessage instance: the first conversation's
+    /// status apply mutated the shared object, so this conversation's
+    /// observers still need an @Published emission to re-render.
+    @discardableResult
+    fileprivate func republishMessage(withID messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        guard let index = indexByMessageID[messageID] else { return false }
+        messages[index] = messages[index]
+        return true
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    fileprivate func setUnread(_ unread: Bool) -> Bool {
+        guard isUnread != unread else { return false }
+        isUnread = unread
+        return true
+    }
+
+    /// Removes a single message by ID. Returns the removed message, or
+    /// `nil` when no message with that ID exists.
+    fileprivate func remove(messageID: String) -> BitchatMessage? {
+        guard let index = indexByMessageID[messageID] else { return nil }
+        let removed = messages.remove(at: index)
+        indexByMessageID.removeValue(forKey: messageID)
+        reindex(from: index)
+        return removed
+    }
+
+    /// Removes every message matching `predicate`. Returns the removed
+    /// message IDs (empty when nothing matched).
+    fileprivate func removeAll(where predicate: (BitchatMessage) -> Bool) -> [String] {
+        var removedIDs: [String] = []
+        messages.removeAll { message in
+            guard predicate(message) else { return false }
+            removedIDs.append(message.id)
+            return true
+        }
+        guard !removedIDs.isEmpty else { return [] }
+        for id in removedIDs {
+            indexByMessageID.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        }
+        reindex(from: 0)
+        return removedIDs
+    }
+
+    fileprivate func clearMessages() {
+        messages.removeAll()
+        indexByMessageID.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Diagnostics
+
+    /// Appends human-readable invariant violations for this conversation
+    /// (empty when healthy): the ID index must be the exact inverse of the
+    /// messages array, the cap must hold, and timestamps must be
+    /// non-decreasing (equal timestamps keep arrival order, so only strict
+    /// inversions are violations). O(messages); allocates only on violation.
+    fileprivate func collectInvariantViolations(into violations: inout [String], label: String) {
+        if indexByMessageID.count != messages.count {
+            violations.append("\(label): index has \(indexByMessageID.count) entries for \(messages.count) messages")
+        }
+        if messages.count > cap {
+            violations.append("\(label): \(messages.count) messages exceeds cap \(cap)")
+        }
+        var previousTimestamp: Date?
+        for position in messages.indices {
+            let message = messages[position]
+            // Count equality + every message resolving to its own position
+            // proves the index is exactly the inverse map (no stale extras).
+            if let index = indexByMessageID[message.id] {
+                if index != position {
+                    violations.append("\(label): message \(message.id.prefix(8))… at \(position) indexed at \(index)")
+                }
+            } else {
+                violations.append("\(label): message \(message.id.prefix(8))… at \(position) missing from index")
+            }
+            if let previousTimestamp, message.timestamp < previousTimestamp {
+                violations.append("\(label): timestamp order violated at \(position)")
+            }
+            previousTimestamp = message.timestamp
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Internals
+
+    static func shouldSkipStatusUpdate(current: DeliveryStatus?, new: DeliveryStatus) -> Bool {
+        guard let current else { return false }
+        if current == new { return true }
+
+        switch (current, new) {
+        case (.read, .delivered), (.read, .sent):
+            return true
+        default:
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Upper-bound binary search: first index whose timestamp is strictly
+    /// greater than `timestamp`, so equal-timestamp messages keep arrival
+    /// order.
+    private func insertionIndex(for timestamp: Date) -> Int {
+        var low = 0
+        var high = messages.count
+        while low < high {
+            let mid = (low + high) / 2
+            if messages[mid].timestamp <= timestamp {
+                low = mid + 1
+            } else {
+                high = mid
+            }
+        }
+        return low
+    }
+
+    private func reindex(from start: Int) {
+        for index in start..<messages.count {
+            indexByMessageID[messages[index].id] = index
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Trims oldest messages over the cap; returns the trimmed message IDs.
+    private func trimIfNeeded() -> [String] {
+        guard messages.count > cap else { return [] }
+        let overflow = messages.count - cap
+        let trimmedIDs = messages.prefix(overflow).map(\.id)
+        for id in trimmedIDs {
+            indexByMessageID.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        }
+        messages.removeFirst(overflow)
+        reindex(from: 0)
+        return trimmedIDs
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - ConversationChange
+
+/// Typed mutation events for non-UI consumers (delivery tracking,
+/// notifications, sync) that need "something changed in conversation X"
+/// without subscribing to whole message arrays. Emitted on the store's
+/// `changes` subject AFTER the corresponding state is consistent.
+enum ConversationChange {
+    case appended(ConversationID, BitchatMessage)
+    case updated(ConversationID, messageID: String)
+    case statusChanged(ConversationID, messageID: String, DeliveryStatus)
+    case messageRemoved(ConversationID, messageID: String)
+    case cleared(ConversationID)
+    case removed(ConversationID)
+    case migrated(from: ConversationID, to: ConversationID)
+    case unreadChanged(ConversationID, isUnread: Bool)
+}
+
+// MARK: - ConversationStore
+
+/// Sole writer and sole holder of conversation message state. All mutations
+/// go through the intent API below; backing collections are `private(set)`.
+/// Reads are synchronous — writers and readers share the main actor, so
+/// after an intent returns every observer sees the result.
+@MainActor
+final class ConversationStore: ObservableObject {
+    /// Conversation creation order; published so list-style consumers can
+    /// observe conversations appearing/disappearing without rebuilding from
+    /// the dictionary.
+    @Published private(set) var conversationIDs: [ConversationID] = []
+    @Published private(set) var selectedConversationID: ConversationID?
+    @Published private(set) var unreadConversations: Set<ConversationID> = []
+
+    // MARK: Selection state
+    // The two UI selection axes: which public channel is active, and which
+    // private chat (if any) is open on top of it. `selectedConversationID`
+    // is derived: the open private chat wins, otherwise the active public
+    // channel's conversation. Mutate via `setActiveChannel` /
+    // `setSelectedPrivatePeer` only.
+
+    @Published private(set) var activeChannel: ChannelID = .mesh
+    @Published private(set) var selectedPrivatePeerID: PeerID?
+
+    private(set) var conversationsByID: [ConversationID: Conversation] = [:]
+
+    /// Store-level message-ID → conversation-membership map for ID-only
+    /// lookups (delivery receipts arrive with a message ID, not a
+    /// conversation). Maintained incrementally at every mutation point —
+    /// all mutation is centralized in the intent API below, so the map is
+    /// exact, never scanned or rebuilt.
+    ///
+    /// The value is a `Set` because a private message can legitimately live
+    /// in TWO direct conversations: step 2's raw per-peer keying mirrors a
+    /// message into both the stable-key and ephemeral-peer chats
+    /// (`mirrorToEphemeralIfNeeded`). A delivery update must reach both
+    /// copies.
+    private var conversationIDsByMessageID: [String: Set<ConversationID>] = [:]
+
+    /// Monotonic count of messages inserted into any conversation (appends,
+    /// upsert-appends, migration inserts). Field-observability only: the
+    /// periodic store audit folds the delta into its heartbeat line so logs
+    /// carry throughput context. Never read on a hot path.
+    private(set) var appendCount: Int = 0
+
+    /// Sample counter for the mirrored-republish debug log in the ID-only
+    /// `setDeliveryStatus` fan-out (first + every Nth occurrence).
+    private var mirroredRepublishLogCount = 0
+
+    let changes = PassthroughSubject<ConversationChange, Never>()
+
+    // MARK: Intent API
+
+    /// Returns the conversation for `id`, creating it (with the cap policy
+    /// for its kind) on first access.
+    @discardableResult
+    func conversation(for id: ConversationID) -> Conversation {
+        if let existing = conversationsByID[id] {
+            return existing
+        }
+        let conversation = Conversation(id: id, cap: Self.cap(for: id))
+        conversationsByID[id] = conversation
+        conversationIDs.append(id)
+        return conversation
+    }
+
+    /// Appends a message in timestamp order. Returns `false` (and emits
+    /// nothing) if a message with the same ID is already present.
+    @discardableResult
+    func append(_ message: BitchatMessage, to id: ConversationID) -> Bool {
+        let conversation = conversation(for: id)
+        let result = conversation.insert(message)
+        guard result.inserted else { return false }
+        registerMessageID(message.id, in: id)
+        unregisterMessageIDs(result.trimmedMessageIDs, from: id)
+        changes.send(.appended(id, message))
+        return true
+    }
+
+    /// Replace-or-append by message ID (media progress, edits).
+    func upsertByID(_ message: BitchatMessage, in id: ConversationID) {
+        let conversation = conversation(for: id)
+        switch conversation.upsert(message) {
+        case .appended(let trimmedMessageIDs):
+            registerMessageID(message.id, in: id)
+            unregisterMessageIDs(trimmedMessageIDs, from: id)
+            changes.send(.appended(id, message))
+        case .updated:
+            changes.send(.updated(id, messageID: message.id))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Applies a delivery status keyed by message ID. Returns `false` when
+    /// the message is unknown or the update would downgrade the status
+    /// (read beats delivered beats sent).
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String, in id: ConversationID) -> Bool {
+        guard let conversation = conversationsByID[id],
+              conversation.applyDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        changes.send(.statusChanged(id, messageID: messageID, status))
+        return true
+    }
+
+    /// Applies a delivery status to EVERY conversation containing
+    /// `messageID` (ID-only — delivery receipts don't know conversations;
+    /// mirrored private copies live in two direct chats). Returns `false`
+    /// when the message is unknown or no copy changed (equal status or
+    /// downgrade — read beats delivered beats sent).
+    ///
+    /// `BitchatMessage` is a reference type, so mirrored copies sharing one
+    /// instance are mutated by the first conversation's apply. The skipped
+    /// conversations still hold the changed message, so they get an explicit
+    /// republish and `.statusChanged` event - otherwise a view observing the
+    /// mirrored conversation would render stale status. Distinct copies whose
+    /// update was genuinely rejected (downgrade) are left untouched, guarded
+    /// by status equality.
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        guard let ids = conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] else { return false }
+        var applied = false
+        var skipped: [ConversationID] = []
+        for id in ids {
+            if setDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID, in: id) {
+                applied = true
+            } else {
+                skipped.append(id)
+            }
+        }
+        guard applied else { return false }
+        for id in skipped {
+            guard let conversation = conversationsByID[id],
+                  conversation.message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus == status,
+                  conversation.republishMessage(withID: messageID) else { continue }
+            // Field proof the mirrored-copy republish path actually fires;
+            // sampled (first + every Nth) so mirrored chats can't spam logs.
+            mirroredRepublishLogCount += 1
+            if mirroredRepublishLogCount == 1
+                || mirroredRepublishLogCount.isMultiple(of: TransportConfig.conversationStoreMirroredRepublishLogInterval) {
+                SecureLogger.debug(
+                    "mirrored republish #\(mirroredRepublishLogCount) for \(messageID.prefix(8))… in \(id.auditDescription)",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+            }
+            changes.send(.statusChanged(id, messageID: messageID, status))
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+
+    /// Current delivery status of `messageID` in whichever conversation
+    /// holds it (mirrored copies share status — see `setDeliveryStatus`).
+    func deliveryStatus(forMessageID messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus? {
+        guard let ids = conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] else { return nil }
+        for id in ids {
+            if let status = conversationsByID[id]?.message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus {
+                return status
+            }
+        }
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    /// Every conversation currently containing `messageID` (empty when the
+    /// message is unknown).
+    func conversationIDs(forMessageID messageID: String) -> Set<ConversationID> {
+        conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] ?? []
+    }
+
+    func markRead(_ id: ConversationID) {
+        guard unreadConversations.contains(id) else { return }
+        unreadConversations.remove(id)
+        conversationsByID[id]?.setUnread(false)
+        changes.send(.unreadChanged(id, isUnread: false))
+    }
+
+    func markUnread(_ id: ConversationID) {
+        guard !unreadConversations.contains(id) else { return }
+        let conversation = conversation(for: id)
+        unreadConversations.insert(id)
+        conversation.setUnread(true)
+        changes.send(.unreadChanged(id, isUnread: true))
+    }
+
+    /// Selects a conversation (creating it if needed) or clears the
+    /// selection with `nil`.
+    func select(_ id: ConversationID?) {
+        if let id {
+            conversation(for: id)
+        }
+        guard selectedConversationID != id else { return }
+        selectedConversationID = id
+    }
+
+    /// Switches the active public channel. While no private chat is open
+    /// the selection follows the channel.
+    func setActiveChannel(_ channelID: ChannelID) {
+        if activeChannel != channelID {
+            activeChannel = channelID
+        }
+        refreshDerivedSelection()
+    }
+
+    /// Opens a private chat (`nil` closes it, returning the selection to the
+    /// active public channel's conversation).
+    func setSelectedPrivatePeer(_ peerID: PeerID?) {
+        if selectedPrivatePeerID != peerID {
+            selectedPrivatePeerID = peerID
+        }
+        refreshDerivedSelection()
+    }
+
+    private func refreshDerivedSelection() {
+        if let peerID = selectedPrivatePeerID {
+            select(.directPeer(peerID))
+        } else {
+            select(ConversationID(channelID: activeChannel))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Moves all messages from `source` into `destination` (the
+    /// ephemeral↔stable peer-ID handoff): dedups by message ID, preserves
+    /// timestamp order, carries unread state over, and hands off the
+    /// selection — mirroring `ChatPrivateConversationCoordinator`'s
+    /// migration semantics. The source conversation is removed. Emits a
+    /// single `.migrated(from:to:)` once the whole move is consistent.
+    func migrateConversation(from source: ConversationID, to destination: ConversationID) {
+        guard source != destination, let sourceConversation = conversationsByID[source] else { return }
+
+        let destinationConversation = conversation(for: destination)
+        for message in sourceConversation.messages {
+            let result = destinationConversation.insert(message)
+            guard result.inserted else { continue }
+            registerMessageID(message.id, in: destination)
+            unregisterMessageIDs(result.trimmedMessageIDs, from: destination)
+        }
+        for messageID in sourceConversation.messageIDs {
+            unregisterMessageID(messageID, from: source)
+        }
+
+        let wasUnread = unreadConversations.contains(source)
+        let wasSelected = selectedConversationID == source
+
+        conversationsByID.removeValue(forKey: source)
+        conversationIDs.removeAll { $0 == source }
+        unreadConversations.remove(source)
+
+        if wasUnread, !unreadConversations.contains(destination) {
+            unreadConversations.insert(destination)
+            destinationConversation.setUnread(true)
+        }
+        if wasSelected {
+            selectedConversationID = destination
+            // Keep the private-peer selection axis consistent with the
+            // handed-off selection.
+            if let peerID = selectedPrivatePeerID,
+               source == .directPeer(peerID),
+               case .direct(let destinationHandle) = destination {
+                selectedPrivatePeerID = destinationHandle.routingPeerID
+            }
+        }
+
+        changes.send(.migrated(from: source, to: destination))
+    }
+
+    /// Removes a single message by ID from a conversation. Returns the
+    /// removed message, or `nil` (emitting nothing) when the conversation or
+    /// message is unknown.
+    @discardableResult
+    func removeMessage(withID messageID: String, from id: ConversationID) -> BitchatMessage? {
+        guard let conversation = conversationsByID[id],
+              let removed = conversation.remove(messageID: messageID) else {
+            return nil
+        }
+        unregisterMessageID(messageID, from: id)
+        changes.send(.messageRemoved(id, messageID: messageID))
+        return removed
+    }
+
+    /// Removes every message matching `predicate` from a conversation,
+    /// emitting one `.messageRemoved` per removed message after the
+    /// conversation is consistent. No-op for unknown conversations.
+    func removeMessages(from id: ConversationID, where predicate: (BitchatMessage) -> Bool) {
+        guard let conversation = conversationsByID[id] else { return }
+        let removedIDs = conversation.removeAll(where: predicate)
+        unregisterMessageIDs(removedIDs, from: id)
+        for messageID in removedIDs {
+            changes.send(.messageRemoved(id, messageID: messageID))
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Empties a conversation's timeline but keeps the conversation (and
+    /// its unread/selection state) alive.
+    func clear(_ id: ConversationID) {
+        guard let conversation = conversationsByID[id] else { return }
+        for messageID in conversation.messageIDs {
+            unregisterMessageID(messageID, from: id)
+        }
+        conversation.clearMessages()
+        changes.send(.cleared(id))
+    }
+
+    /// Removes a conversation entirely, including unread state; clears the
+    /// selection if it pointed at the removed conversation.
+    func removeConversation(_ id: ConversationID) {
+        guard let conversation = conversationsByID.removeValue(forKey: id) else { return }
+        for messageID in conversation.messageIDs {
+            unregisterMessageID(messageID, from: id)
+        }
+        conversationIDs.removeAll { $0 == id }
+        unreadConversations.remove(id)
+        if selectedConversationID == id {
+            selectedConversationID = nil
+        }
+        changes.send(.removed(id))
+    }
+
+    func clearAll() {
+        let removedIDs = conversationIDs
+        guard !removedIDs.isEmpty || selectedConversationID != nil else { return }
+
+        conversationsByID.removeAll()
+        conversationIDs.removeAll()
+        unreadConversations.removeAll()
+        conversationIDsByMessageID.removeAll()
+        if selectedConversationID != nil {
+            selectedConversationID = nil
+        }
+
+        for id in removedIDs {
+            changes.send(.removed(id))
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Diagnostics
+
+    /// Total messages across all conversations. O(#conversations) — heartbeat
+    /// logging only, never a hot path.
+    var totalMessageCount: Int {
+        conversationsByID.values.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.messages.count }
+    }
+
+    /// Number of distinct message IDs in the store-level membership map.
+    var messageIDMapCount: Int {
+        conversationIDsByMessageID.count
+    }
+
+    /// Verifies the store's correctness invariants and returns human-readable
+    /// violations (empty = healthy). Intended for a periodic field audit:
+    /// O(total messages) and allocation-free while healthy. Checks:
+    /// - the `conversationIDs` ordering array matches `conversationsByID`
+    /// - per conversation: ID index exact, cap held, timestamp order
+    ///   (see `Conversation.collectInvariantViolations`)
+    /// - the message-ID → conversation map matches reality exactly: every
+    ///   mapped membership points at a live conversation actually holding
+    ///   the message, and total memberships equal total messages (with the
+    ///   forward check, equality proves no conversation message is missing
+    ///   from the map)
+    /// - `unreadConversations` only references existing conversations
+    /// - `selectedConversationID`, when set, references an existing
+    ///   conversation (`select(_:)` creates on selection and
+    ///   `removeConversation`/`clearAll` clear it, so existence is the
+    ///   invariant for both the channel-derived and direct-peer cases)
+    func auditInvariants() -> [String] {
+        var violations: [String] = []
+
+        if conversationIDs.count != conversationsByID.count {
+            violations.append("conversationIDs lists \(conversationIDs.count) conversations but dictionary holds \(conversationsByID.count)")
+        }
+        for id in conversationIDs where conversationsByID[id] == nil {
+            violations.append("conversationIDs lists \(id.auditDescription) but no conversation exists")
+        }
+
+        var totalMessages = 0
+        for (id, conversation) in conversationsByID {
+            totalMessages += conversation.messages.count
+            conversation.collectInvariantViolations(into: &violations, label: id.auditDescription)
+        }
+
+        var totalMappedMemberships = 0
+        for (messageID, ids) in conversationIDsByMessageID {
+            totalMappedMemberships += ids.count
+            if ids.isEmpty {
+                violations.append("message map: \(messageID.prefix(8))… has an empty membership set")
+            }
+            for id in ids {
+                guard let conversation = conversationsByID[id] else {
+                    violations.append("message map: \(messageID.prefix(8))… claims unknown conversation \(id.auditDescription)")
+                    continue
+                }
+                if !conversation.containsMessage(withID: messageID) {
+                    violations.append("message map: \(messageID.prefix(8))… not present in claimed conversation \(id.auditDescription)")
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if totalMappedMemberships != totalMessages {
+            violations.append("message map holds \(totalMappedMemberships) memberships but conversations hold \(totalMessages) messages")
+        }
+
+        for id in unreadConversations where conversationsByID[id] == nil {
+            violations.append("unreadConversations contains unknown conversation \(id.auditDescription)")
+        }
+
+        if let selected = selectedConversationID, conversationsByID[selected] == nil {
+            violations.append("selectedConversationID \(selected.auditDescription) has no conversation")
+        }
+
+        return violations
+    }
+
+    // MARK: Internals
+
+    private func registerMessageID(_ messageID: String, in id: ConversationID) {
+        conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID, default: []].insert(id)
+        // Single choke point for every successful insertion (append, upsert
+        // append, migration insert) — the audit heartbeat's throughput delta.
+        appendCount += 1
+    }
+
+    private func unregisterMessageID(_ messageID: String, from id: ConversationID) {
+        guard var ids = conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] else { return }
+        ids.remove(id)
+        if ids.isEmpty {
+            conversationIDsByMessageID.removeValue(forKey: messageID)
+        } else {
+            conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] = ids
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func unregisterMessageIDs(_ messageIDs: [String], from id: ConversationID) {
+        for messageID in messageIDs {
+            unregisterMessageID(messageID, from: id)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static func cap(for id: ConversationID) -> Int {
+        switch id {
+        case .mesh:
+            return TransportConfig.meshTimelineCap
+        case .geohash:
+            return TransportConfig.geoTimelineCap
+        case .direct:
+            return TransportConfig.privateChatCap
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Direct-conversation keying + derived views
+
+extension ConversationID {
+    /// Direct-conversation ID keyed by the *raw* routing peer ID.
+    ///
+    /// Direct conversations are deliberately keyed per `PeerID`, not per
+    /// resolved identity: the private-chat coordinators mirror messages into
+    /// both the ephemeral and stable peer's conversations
+    /// (`mirrorToEphemeralIfNeeded`) and consolidate/migrate between them
+    /// explicitly, so a raw lookup by whichever peer ID is selected always
+    /// finds the right timeline without an identity-resolution layer.
+    static func directPeer(_ peerID: PeerID) -> ConversationID {
+        .direct(PeerHandle(id: "peer:\(peerID.id)", routingPeerID: peerID))
+    }
+}
+
+extension ConversationStore {
+    /// All direct conversations' messages keyed by routing peer ID — the
+    /// shape `ChatViewModel.privateChats` exposes to the coordinators.
+    /// Values are the conversations' backing arrays (COW), so building this
+    /// is O(#conversations), not O(#messages).
+    func directMessagesByRoutingPeerID() -> [PeerID: [BitchatMessage]] {
+        var messagesByPeerID: [PeerID: [BitchatMessage]] = [:]
+        messagesByPeerID.reserveCapacity(conversationsByID.count)
+        for (id, conversation) in conversationsByID {
+            guard case .direct(let handle) = id else { continue }
+            messagesByPeerID[handle.routingPeerID] = conversation.messages
+        }
+        return messagesByPeerID
+    }
+
+    /// Unread direct conversations as routing peer IDs — the shape
+    /// `ChatViewModel.unreadPrivateMessages` exposes to the coordinators.
+    func unreadDirectRoutingPeerIDs() -> Set<PeerID> {
+        var peerIDs = Set<PeerID>()
+        for id in unreadConversations {
+            guard case .direct(let handle) = id else { continue }
+            peerIDs.insert(handle.routingPeerID)
+        }
+        return peerIDs
+    }
+
+    /// `true` when any direct conversation contains a message with `messageID`
+    /// (O(1) via the store-level message-ID → conversation map).
+    func directConversationsContainMessage(withID messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        conversationIDs(forMessageID: messageID).contains { id in
+            if case .direct = id { return true }
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Message IDs across all direct conversations (read-receipt pruning
+    /// keeps only receipts whose messages still exist).
+    func directMessageIDs() -> Set<String> {
+        var messageIDs = Set<String>()
+        for (id, conversation) in conversationsByID {
+            guard case .direct = id else { continue }
+            messageIDs.formUnion(conversation.messageIDs)
+        }
+        return messageIDs
+    }
+
+    /// Removes every direct conversation (panic clear).
+    func removeAllDirectConversations() {
+        let directIDs = conversationIDs.filter { id in
+            if case .direct = id { return true }
+            return false
+        }
+        for id in directIDs {
+            removeConversation(id)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// MARK: - Diagnostics support
+
+extension ConversationID {
+    /// Short, log-safe description for audit/diagnostic lines. Direct
+    /// conversations truncate the handle so full peer keys never hit logs.
+    fileprivate var auditDescription: String {
+        switch self {
+        case .mesh:
+            return "mesh"
+        case .geohash(let geohash):
+            return "geo:\(geohash)"
+        case .direct(let handle):
+            return "direct:\(handle.id.prefix(13))…"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#if DEBUG
+// Test-only corruption hooks for `auditInvariants()` tests. The store is the
+// sole writer by design — `Conversation`'s mutators are fileprivate and the
+// store's backing collections are private — so the inconsistent states the
+// audit exists to catch CANNOT be manufactured through the intent API. These
+// DEBUG-only hooks deliberately bypass that lockdown to inject exactly those
+// impossible states. Never call them outside tests.
+extension Conversation {
+    /// Points an existing message's index entry at the wrong position
+    /// (positions 0 and 1 swap their index entries). Requires >= 2 messages.
+    func _testCorruptIndexEntries() {
+        guard messages.count >= 2 else { return }
+        indexByMessageID[messages[0].id] = 1
+        indexByMessageID[messages[1].id] = 0
+    }
+
+    /// Drops a message's index entry entirely (count mismatch + missing).
+    func _testRemoveIndexEntry(forMessageID messageID: String) {
+        indexByMessageID.removeValue(forKey: messageID)
+    }
+
+    /// Swaps the first and last messages while keeping the index consistent,
+    /// so ONLY the timestamp-order invariant is violated (requires the two
+    /// messages to have distinct timestamps).
+    func _testCorruptOrderingPreservingIndex() {
+        guard messages.count >= 2 else { return }
+        messages.swapAt(0, messages.count - 1)
+        indexByMessageID[messages[0].id] = 0
+        indexByMessageID[messages[messages.count - 1].id] = messages.count - 1
+    }
+}
+
+extension ConversationStore {
+    /// Adds a map membership that the conversation does not actually hold.
+    func _testRegisterPhantomMessageID(_ messageID: String, in id: ConversationID) {
+        conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID, default: []].insert(id)
+    }
+
+    /// Drops a real map membership (conversation message missing from map).
+    func _testUnregisterMessageID(_ messageID: String, from id: ConversationID) {
+        conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID]?.remove(id)
+        if conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID]?.isEmpty == true {
+            conversationIDsByMessageID.removeValue(forKey: messageID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Appends past the conversation cap, bypassing trim (map kept exact so
+    /// only the cap invariant is violated).
+    func _testAppendBypassingCap(_ message: BitchatMessage, to id: ConversationID) {
+        let conversation = conversation(for: id)
+        conversation._testAppendBypassingTrim(message)
+        conversationIDsByMessageID[message.id, default: []].insert(id)
+    }
+
+    /// Marks a nonexistent conversation unread without creating it.
+    func _testInsertUnreadConversationID(_ id: ConversationID) {
+        unreadConversations.insert(id)
+    }
+
+    /// Sets the selection directly, without `select(_:)`'s create-on-select.
+    func _testSetSelectedConversationID(_ id: ConversationID?) {
+        selectedConversationID = id
+    }
+}
+
+extension Conversation {
+    fileprivate func _testAppendBypassingTrim(_ message: BitchatMessage) {
+        messages.append(message)
+        indexByMessageID[message.id] = messages.count - 1
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+// MARK: - Public timeline derived views
+
+extension ConversationStore {
+    /// Removes a message by ID from whichever public (mesh/geohash)
+    /// conversation contains it. Returns the removed message, if any.
+    @discardableResult
+    func removePublicMessage(withID messageID: String) -> BitchatMessage? {
+        for id in conversationIDs(forMessageID: messageID) {
+            switch id {
+            case .mesh, .geohash:
+                return removeMessage(withID: messageID, from: id)
+            case .direct:
+                continue
+            }
+        }
+        return nil
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/ConversationUIModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import SwiftUI
+#if os(iOS)
+import UIKit
+#endif
+
+@MainActor
+final class ConversationUIModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var showAutocomplete = false
+    @Published private(set) var autocompleteSuggestions: [String] = []
+    @Published private(set) var currentNickname: String
+    @Published private(set) var isBatchingPublic = false
+    @Published private(set) var canSendMediaInCurrentContext = true
+
+    private let chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    private let privateConversationModel: PrivateConversationModel
+    private let conversations: ConversationStore
+    private var activeChannel: ChannelID
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(
+        chatViewModel: ChatViewModel,
+        privateConversationModel: PrivateConversationModel,
+        conversations: ConversationStore
+    ) {
+        self.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
+        self.privateConversationModel = privateConversationModel
+        self.conversations = conversations
+        self.activeChannel = conversations.activeChannel
+        self.currentNickname = chatViewModel.nickname
+        self.isBatchingPublic = chatViewModel.isBatchingPublic
+        self.showAutocomplete = chatViewModel.showAutocomplete
+        self.autocompleteSuggestions = chatViewModel.autocompleteSuggestions
+        self.canSendMediaInCurrentContext = chatViewModel.canSendMediaInCurrentContext
+
+        bind()
+    }
+
+    func setCurrentColorScheme(_ colorScheme: ColorScheme) {
+        chatViewModel.currentColorScheme = colorScheme
+    }
+
+    func setCurrentTheme(_ theme: AppTheme) {
+        chatViewModel.currentTheme = theme
+    }
+
+    func sendMessage(_ message: String) {
+        chatViewModel.sendMessage(message)
+    }
+
+    func clearCurrentConversation() {
+        chatViewModel.sendMessage("/clear")
+    }
+
+    func sendHug(to sender: String) {
+        chatViewModel.sendMessage("/hug @\(sender)")
+    }
+
+    func sendSlap(to sender: String) {
+        chatViewModel.sendMessage("/slap @\(sender)")
+    }
+
+    func block(peerID: PeerID?, displayName: String?) {
+        guard let displayName else { return }
+
+        if let peerID, peerID.isGeoChat,
+           let full = chatViewModel.fullNostrHex(forSenderPeerID: peerID) {
+            chatViewModel.blockGeohashUser(pubkeyHexLowercased: full, displayName: displayName)
+        } else {
+            chatViewModel.sendMessage("/block \(displayName)")
+        }
+    }
+
+    func updateAutocomplete(for text: String, cursorPosition: Int) {
+        chatViewModel.updateAutocomplete(for: text, cursorPosition: cursorPosition)
+    }
+
+    func completeNickname(_ nickname: String, in text: inout String) -> Int {
+        chatViewModel.completeNickname(nickname, in: &text)
+    }
+
+    func formatMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage, colorScheme: ColorScheme, theme: AppTheme? = nil) -> AttributedString {
+        chatViewModel.formatMessageAsText(message, colorScheme: colorScheme, theme: theme)
+    }
+
+    func formatMessageHeader(_ message: BitchatMessage, colorScheme: ColorScheme, theme: AppTheme? = nil) -> AttributedString {
+        chatViewModel.formatMessageHeader(message, colorScheme: colorScheme, theme: theme)
+    }
+
+    func mediaAttachment(for message: BitchatMessage) -> BitchatMessage.Media? {
+        message.mediaAttachment(for: currentNickname)
+    }
+
+    func isSelfSender(peerID: PeerID?, displayName: String?) -> Bool {
+        chatViewModel.isSelfSender(peerID: peerID, displayName: displayName)
+    }
+
+    func isSentByCurrentUser(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> Bool {
+        message.sender == currentNickname || message.sender.hasPrefix(currentNickname + "#")
+    }
+
+    func isMediaMessageFromCurrentUser(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> Bool {
+        message.sender == currentNickname || message.senderPeerID == chatViewModel.meshService.myPeerID
+    }
+
+    func senderDisplayName(for peerID: PeerID, fallbackMessages: [BitchatMessage]) -> String? {
+        if peerID.isGeoDM || peerID.isGeoChat {
+            return chatViewModel.geohashDisplayName(for: peerID)
+        }
+        if let nickname = chatViewModel.meshService.peerNickname(peerID: peerID) {
+            return nickname
+        }
+        return fallbackMessages.last(where: { $0.senderPeerID == peerID && $0.sender != "system" })?.sender
+    }
+
+    #if os(iOS)
+    func processSelectedImage(_ image: UIImage?) {
+        chatViewModel.processThenSendImage(image)
+    }
+    #endif
+
+    func processSelectedImage(from url: URL?) {
+        #if os(macOS)
+        chatViewModel.processThenSendImage(from: url)
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    func sendVoiceNote(at url: URL) {
+        chatViewModel.sendVoiceNote(at: url)
+    }
+
+    func cancelMediaSend(messageID: String) {
+        chatViewModel.cancelMediaSend(messageID: messageID)
+    }
+
+    func deleteMediaMessage(messageID: String) {
+        chatViewModel.deleteMediaMessage(messageID: messageID)
+    }
+
+    private func bind() {
+        chatViewModel.$nickname
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$currentNickname)
+
+        chatViewModel.$showAutocomplete
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$showAutocomplete)
+
+        chatViewModel.$autocompleteSuggestions
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$autocompleteSuggestions)
+
+        chatViewModel.$isBatchingPublic
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$isBatchingPublic)
+
+        conversations.$activeChannel
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] channel in
+                self?.activeChannel = channel
+                self?.refreshComputedState()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        privateConversationModel.$selectedPeerID
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshComputedState()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+    }
+
+    private func refreshComputedState() {
+        if let selectedPeerID = privateConversationModel.selectedPeerID {
+            canSendMediaInCurrentContext = !(selectedPeerID.isGeoDM || selectedPeerID.isGeoChat)
+            return
+        }
+
+        switch activeChannel {
+        case .mesh:
+            canSendMediaInCurrentContext = true
+        case .location:
+            canSendMediaInCurrentContext = false
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/LocationChannelsModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+@MainActor
+final class LocationChannelsModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var permissionState: LocationChannelManager.PermissionState
+    @Published private(set) var availableChannels: [GeohashChannel]
+    @Published private(set) var selectedChannel: ChannelID
+    @Published private(set) var teleported: Bool
+    @Published private(set) var bookmarks: [String]
+    @Published private(set) var bookmarkNames: [String: String]
+    @Published private(set) var locationNames: [GeohashChannelLevel: String]
+    @Published private(set) var userTorEnabled: Bool
+
+    private let manager: LocationChannelManager
+    private let network: NetworkActivationService
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(
+        manager: LocationChannelManager? = nil,
+        network: NetworkActivationService? = nil
+    ) {
+        let manager = manager ?? .shared
+        let network = network ?? .shared
+
+        self.manager = manager
+        self.network = network
+        self.permissionState = manager.permissionState
+        self.availableChannels = manager.availableChannels
+        self.selectedChannel = manager.selectedChannel
+        self.teleported = manager.teleported
+        self.bookmarks = manager.bookmarks
+        self.bookmarkNames = manager.bookmarkNames
+        self.locationNames = manager.locationNames
+        self.userTorEnabled = network.userTorEnabled
+
+        bind()
+    }
+
+    var currentBuildingGeohash: String? {
+        availableChannels.first(where: { $0.level == .building })?.geohash
+    }
+
+    func isSelected(_ channel: GeohashChannel) -> Bool {
+        guard case .location(let selected) = selectedChannel else { return false }
+        return selected == channel
+    }
+
+    func isBookmarked(_ geohash: String) -> Bool {
+        manager.isBookmarked(geohash)
+    }
+
+    func enableLocationChannels() {
+        manager.enableLocationChannels()
+    }
+
+    func refreshChannels() {
+        manager.refreshChannels()
+    }
+
+    func enableAndRefresh() {
+        manager.enableLocationChannels()
+        manager.refreshChannels()
+    }
+
+    func beginLiveRefresh() {
+        manager.beginLiveRefresh()
+    }
+
+    func endLiveRefresh() {
+        manager.endLiveRefresh()
+    }
+
+    func select(_ channel: ChannelID) {
+        manager.select(channel)
+    }
+
+    func markTeleported(for geohash: String, _ flag: Bool) {
+        manager.markTeleported(for: geohash, flag)
+    }
+
+    func toggleBookmark(_ geohash: String) {
+        manager.toggleBookmark(geohash)
+    }
+
+    func resolveBookmarkNameIfNeeded(for geohash: String) {
+        manager.resolveBookmarkNameIfNeeded(for: geohash)
+    }
+
+    func locationName(for level: GeohashChannelLevel) -> String? {
+        locationNames[level]
+    }
+
+    func setUserTorEnabled(_ enabled: Bool) {
+        network.setUserTorEnabled(enabled)
+    }
+
+    func refreshMeshChannelsIfNeeded() {
+        guard case .mesh = selectedChannel,
+              permissionState == .authorized,
+              availableChannels.isEmpty else {
+            return
+        }
+        refreshChannels()
+    }
+
+    func openLocationChannel(for geohash: String) {
+        let normalized = geohash.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).lowercased()
+        let allowed = Set("0123456789bcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz")
+        guard (2...12).contains(normalized.count),
+              normalized.allSatisfy({ allowed.contains($0) }) else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        let channel = GeohashChannel(level: level(forLength: normalized.count), geohash: normalized)
+        let isRegional = availableChannels.contains { $0.geohash == normalized }
+        if !isRegional && !availableChannels.isEmpty {
+            markTeleported(for: normalized, true)
+        }
+        select(.location(channel))
+    }
+
+    func teleport(to geohash: String) {
+        let normalized = geohash.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).lowercased()
+        let channel = GeohashChannel(level: level(forLength: normalized.count), geohash: normalized)
+        markTeleported(for: normalized, true)
+        select(.location(channel))
+    }
+
+    private func bind() {
+        manager.$permissionState
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$permissionState)
+
+        manager.$availableChannels
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$availableChannels)
+
+        manager.$selectedChannel
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$selectedChannel)
+
+        manager.$teleported
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$teleported)
+
+        manager.$bookmarks
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$bookmarks)
+
+        manager.$bookmarkNames
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$bookmarkNames)
+
+        manager.$locationNames
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$locationNames)
+
+        network.$userTorEnabled
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$userTorEnabled)
+    }
+
+    private func level(forLength length: Int) -> GeohashChannelLevel {
+        switch length {
+        case 0...2: return .region
+        case 3...4: return .province
+        case 5: return .city
+        case 6: return .neighborhood
+        case 7: return .block
+        case 8...12: return .building
+        default: return .block
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/LocationPresenceStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+@MainActor
+final class LocationPresenceStore: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var currentGeohash: String?
+    @Published private(set) var geoNicknames: [String: String] = [:]
+    @Published private(set) var teleportedGeo: Set<String> = []
+
+    func setCurrentGeohash(_ geohash: String?) {
+        currentGeohash = geohash?.lowercased()
+    }
+
+    func setNickname(_ nickname: String, for pubkeyHex: String) {
+        geoNicknames[pubkeyHex.lowercased()] = nickname
+    }
+
+    func replaceGeoNicknames(_ nicknames: [String: String]) {
+        geoNicknames = Dictionary(
+            uniqueKeysWithValues: nicknames.map { key, value in
+                (key.lowercased(), value)
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+    func clearGeoNicknames() {
+        geoNicknames.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    func markTeleported(_ pubkeyHex: String) {
+        teleportedGeo.insert(pubkeyHex.lowercased())
+    }
+
+    func clearTeleported(_ pubkeyHex: String) {
+        teleportedGeo.remove(pubkeyHex.lowercased())
+    }
+
+    func replaceTeleportedGeo(_ pubkeys: Set<String>) {
+        teleportedGeo = Set(pubkeys.map { $0.lowercased() })
+    }
+
+    func clearTeleportedGeo() {
+        teleportedGeo.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    func reset() {
+        currentGeohash = nil
+        geoNicknames.removeAll()
+        teleportedGeo.removeAll()
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/PeerIdentityStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+@MainActor
+final class PeerIdentityStore: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var encryptionStatuses: [PeerID: EncryptionStatus] = [:]
+    @Published private(set) var verifiedFingerprints: Set<String> = []
+
+    private(set) var peerFingerprintsByPeerID: [PeerID: String] = [:]
+    private(set) var selectedPrivateChatFingerprint: String?
+
+    private var stablePeerIDsByShortID: [PeerID: PeerID] = [:]
+    private var encryptionStatusCache: [PeerID: EncryptionStatus] = [:]
+
+    func stablePeerID(forShortID peerID: PeerID) -> PeerID? {
+        stablePeerIDsByShortID[peerID]
+    }
+
+    func shortPeerID(forStablePeerID stablePeerID: PeerID) -> PeerID? {
+        stablePeerIDsByShortID.first(where: { $0.value == stablePeerID })?.key
+    }
+
+    func setStablePeerID(_ stablePeerID: PeerID, forShortID peerID: PeerID) {
+        stablePeerIDsByShortID[peerID] = stablePeerID
+    }
+
+    func replaceStablePeerIDs(_ mappings: [PeerID: PeerID]) {
+        stablePeerIDsByShortID = mappings
+    }
+
+    func fingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) -> String? {
+        peerFingerprintsByPeerID[peerID]
+    }
+
+    func setFingerprint(_ fingerprint: String?, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        if let fingerprint {
+            peerFingerprintsByPeerID[peerID] = fingerprint
+        } else {
+            peerFingerprintsByPeerID.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func replaceFingerprintMappings(_ mappings: [PeerID: String]) {
+        peerFingerprintsByPeerID = mappings
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    func migrateFingerprintMapping(
+        from oldPeerID: PeerID,
+        to newPeerID: PeerID,
+        fallback: String? = nil
+    ) -> String? {
+        let fingerprint = peerFingerprintsByPeerID.removeValue(forKey: oldPeerID) ?? fallback
+        if let fingerprint {
+            peerFingerprintsByPeerID[newPeerID] = fingerprint
+            if selectedPrivateChatFingerprint == nil {
+                selectedPrivateChatFingerprint = fingerprint
+            }
+        }
+        return fingerprint
+    }
+
+    func setSelectedPrivateChatFingerprint(_ fingerprint: String?) {
+        selectedPrivateChatFingerprint = fingerprint
+    }
+
+    func cachedEncryptionStatus(for peerID: PeerID) -> EncryptionStatus? {
+        encryptionStatusCache[peerID]
+    }
+
+    func setCachedEncryptionStatus(_ status: EncryptionStatus, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        encryptionStatusCache[peerID] = status
+    }
+
+    func invalidateEncryptionCache(for peerID: PeerID? = nil) {
+        if let peerID {
+            encryptionStatusCache.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+        } else {
+            encryptionStatusCache.removeAll()
+        }
+    }
+
+    func encryptionStatus(for peerID: PeerID) -> EncryptionStatus? {
+        encryptionStatuses[peerID]
+    }
+
+    func setEncryptionStatus(_ status: EncryptionStatus?, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        if let status {
+            encryptionStatuses[peerID] = status
+        } else {
+            encryptionStatuses.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+        }
+        invalidateEncryptionCache(for: peerID)
+    }
+
+    func replaceEncryptionStatuses(_ statuses: [PeerID: EncryptionStatus]) {
+        encryptionStatuses = statuses
+    }
+
+    func setVerifiedFingerprints(_ fingerprints: Set<String>) {
+        verifiedFingerprints = fingerprints
+    }
+
+    func setVerified(_ fingerprint: String, verified: Bool) {
+        if verified {
+            verifiedFingerprints.insert(fingerprint)
+        } else {
+            verifiedFingerprints.remove(fingerprint)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func isVerified(_ fingerprint: String) -> Bool {
+        verifiedFingerprints.contains(fingerprint)
+    }
+
+    func clearAll() {
+        encryptionStatuses.removeAll()
+        verifiedFingerprints.removeAll()
+        peerFingerprintsByPeerID.removeAll()
+        selectedPrivateChatFingerprint = nil
+        stablePeerIDsByShortID.removeAll()
+        encryptionStatusCache.removeAll()
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/PeerListModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import SwiftUI
+
+struct MeshPeerRow: Identifiable, Equatable {
+    let peerID: PeerID
+    let displayName: String
+    let isMe: Bool
+    let hasUnread: Bool
+    let isBlocked: Bool
+    let isFavorite: Bool
+    let isConnected: Bool
+    let isReachable: Bool
+    let isMutualFavorite: Bool
+    let encryptionStatus: EncryptionStatus
+    let showsVerifiedBadgeWhenOffline: Bool
+
+    var id: String { peerID.id }
+}
+
+struct GeohashPersonRow: Identifiable, Equatable {
+    let id: String
+    let displayName: String
+    let isMe: Bool
+    let isTeleported: Bool
+    let isBlocked: Bool
+}
+
+@MainActor
+final class PeerListModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var allPeers: [BitchatPeer] = []
+    @Published private(set) var meshRows: [MeshPeerRow] = []
+    @Published private(set) var geohashPeople: [GeohashPersonRow] = []
+    @Published private(set) var reachableMeshPeerCount = 0
+    @Published private(set) var connectedMeshPeerCount = 0
+    @Published private(set) var visibleGeohashPeerCount = 0
+    @Published private(set) var renderID = ""
+
+    private let chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    private let conversations: ConversationStore
+    private let locationChannelsModel: LocationChannelsModel
+    private let peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore
+    private let locationPresenceStore: LocationPresenceStore
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(
+        chatViewModel: ChatViewModel,
+        conversations: ConversationStore,
+        locationChannelsModel: LocationChannelsModel? = nil,
+        peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore? = nil,
+        locationPresenceStore: LocationPresenceStore? = nil
+    ) {
+        self.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
+        self.conversations = conversations
+        self.locationChannelsModel = locationChannelsModel ?? LocationChannelsModel()
+        self.peerIdentityStore = peerIdentityStore ?? chatViewModel.peerIdentityStore
+        self.locationPresenceStore = locationPresenceStore ?? chatViewModel.locationPresenceStore
+        self.allPeers = chatViewModel.allPeers
+
+        bind()
+        refresh()
+    }
+
+    func colorForMeshPeer(id peerID: PeerID, isDark: Bool) -> Color {
+        chatViewModel.colorForMeshPeer(id: peerID, isDark: isDark)
+    }
+
+    func colorForGeohashPerson(id: String, isDark: Bool) -> Color {
+        chatViewModel.colorForNostrPubkey(id, isDark: isDark)
+    }
+
+    func participantCount(for geohash: String) -> Int {
+        chatViewModel.geohashParticipantCount(for: geohash)
+    }
+
+    func startConversation(with peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.startPrivateChat(with: peerID)
+    }
+
+    func toggleFavorite(peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.toggleFavorite(peerID: peerID)
+    }
+
+    func openGeohashDirectMessage(with pubkeyHex: String) {
+        chatViewModel.startGeohashDM(withPubkeyHex: pubkeyHex)
+    }
+
+    func blockGeohashUser(pubkeyHexLowercased: String, displayName: String) {
+        chatViewModel.blockGeohashUser(
+            pubkeyHexLowercased: pubkeyHexLowercased,
+            displayName: displayName
+        )
+    }
+
+    func unblockGeohashUser(pubkeyHexLowercased: String, displayName: String) {
+        chatViewModel.unblockGeohashUser(
+            pubkeyHexLowercased: pubkeyHexLowercased,
+            displayName: displayName
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func bind() {
+        chatViewModel.$allPeers
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] peers in
+                self?.allPeers = peers
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        chatViewModel.$nickname
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        locationPresenceStore.$teleportedGeo
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        conversations.$unreadConversations
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        peerIdentityStore.$encryptionStatuses
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        peerIdentityStore.$verifiedFingerprints
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: Notification.Name("peerStatusUpdated"))
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        chatViewModel.participantTracker.$visiblePeople
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        locationChannelsModel.$selectedChannel
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        locationChannelsModel.$teleported
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        locationChannelsModel.$availableChannels
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refresh()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+    }
+
+    private func refresh() {
+        let myPeerID = chatViewModel.meshService.myPeerID
+        let meshRows = allPeers.map { peer in
+            let isMe = peer.peerID == myPeerID
+            let verifiedBadge: Bool
+            if !isMe && !peer.isConnected,
+               let fingerprint = chatViewModel.getFingerprint(for: peer.peerID) {
+                verifiedBadge = peerIdentityStore.isVerified(fingerprint)
+            } else {
+                verifiedBadge = false
+            }
+
+            return MeshPeerRow(
+                peerID: peer.peerID,
+                displayName: isMe ? chatViewModel.nickname : peer.nickname,
+                isMe: isMe,
+                hasUnread: chatViewModel.hasUnreadMessages(for: peer.peerID),
+                isBlocked: !isMe && chatViewModel.isPeerBlocked(peer.peerID),
+                isFavorite: peer.favoriteStatus?.isFavorite ?? false,
+                isConnected: peer.isConnected,
+                isReachable: peer.isReachable,
+                isMutualFavorite: peer.isMutualFavorite,
+                encryptionStatus: chatViewModel.getEncryptionStatus(for: peer.peerID),
+                showsVerifiedBadgeWhenOffline: verifiedBadge
+            )
+        }
+
+        let meshCounts = meshRows.reduce(into: (reachable: 0, connected: 0)) { counts, row in
+            guard !row.isMe else { return }
+            if row.isConnected {
+                counts.connected += 1
+                counts.reachable += 1
+            } else if row.isReachable {
+                counts.reachable += 1
+            }
+        }
+
+        let geohashPeople = buildGeohashPeople()
+
+        self.meshRows = meshRows
+        reachableMeshPeerCount = meshCounts.reachable
+        connectedMeshPeerCount = meshCounts.connected
+        self.geohashPeople = geohashPeople
+        visibleGeohashPeerCount = geohashPeople.count
+        renderID = (
+            meshRows.map {
+                "\($0.id)-\($0.isConnected)-\($0.isReachable)-\($0.hasUnread)-\($0.isFavorite)-\($0.isBlocked)"
+            } +
+            geohashPeople.map {
+                "geo:\($0.id)-\($0.isTeleported)-\($0.isBlocked)-\($0.displayName)"
+            }
+        ).joined(separator: "|")
+    }
+
+    private func buildGeohashPeople() -> [GeohashPersonRow] {
+        let myHex = currentGeohashIdentityHex()
+        let teleportedSet = Set(locationPresenceStore.teleportedGeo.map { $0.lowercased() })
+
+        return chatViewModel.visibleGeohashPeople().map { person in
+            let isMe = person.id == myHex
+            return GeohashPersonRow(
+                id: person.id,
+                displayName: person.displayName,
+                isMe: isMe,
+                isTeleported: teleportedSet.contains(person.id.lowercased()) || (isMe && locationChannelsModel.teleported),
+                isBlocked: !isMe && chatViewModel.isGeohashUserBlocked(pubkeyHexLowercased: person.id)
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func currentGeohashIdentityHex() -> String? {
+        guard case .location(let channel) = locationChannelsModel.selectedChannel,
+              let identity = try? chatViewModel.idBridge.deriveIdentity(forGeohash: channel.geohash) else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        return identity.publicKeyHex.lowercased()
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/PrivateConversationModels.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+/// Feature model for private (direct) conversations.
+///
+/// Reads the single-writer `ConversationStore` directly: `messages(for:)`
+/// returns the peer's conversation backing array (no mirror dictionary), and
+/// the store's typed `changes` subject drives invalidation — a change in the
+/// SELECTED peer's conversation republishes this model, while appends to
+/// other private chats only surface through the unread set. Direct
+/// conversations are keyed by raw routing peer ID; the coordinators'
+/// ephemeral/stable mirroring guarantees the selected peer's key always
+/// holds the full timeline (see `ConversationID.directPeer`).
+@MainActor
+final class PrivateInboxModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var selectedPeerID: PeerID?
+    @Published private(set) var unreadPeerIDs: Set<PeerID> = []
+
+    private let conversations: ConversationStore
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(conversations: ConversationStore) {
+        self.conversations = conversations
+        self.selectedPeerID = conversations.selectedPrivatePeerID
+        self.unreadPeerIDs = conversations.unreadDirectRoutingPeerIDs()
+
+        bind()
+    }
+
+    func messages(for peerID: PeerID?) -> [BitchatMessage] {
+        guard let peerID else { return [] }
+        return conversations.conversationsByID[.directPeer(peerID)]?.messages ?? []
+    }
+
+    private func bind() {
+        conversations.$selectedPrivatePeerID
+            .dropFirst()
+            .sink { [weak self] peerID in
+                guard let self, self.selectedPeerID != peerID else { return }
+                self.selectedPeerID = peerID
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        conversations.changes
+            .sink { [weak self] change in
+                self?.apply(change)
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+    }
+
+    private func apply(_ change: ConversationChange) {
+        switch change {
+        case .appended(let id, _),
+             .updated(let id, _),
+             .statusChanged(let id, _, _),
+             .messageRemoved(let id, _),
+             .cleared(let id):
+            republishIfSelected(id)
+
+        case .unreadChanged(let id, _):
+            guard isDirect(id) else { return }
+            refreshUnreadPeerIDs()
+
+        case .removed(let id):
+            guard isDirect(id) else { return }
+            refreshUnreadPeerIDs()
+            republishIfSelected(id)
+
+        case .migrated(let source, let destination):
+            guard isDirect(source) || isDirect(destination) else { return }
+            refreshUnreadPeerIDs()
+            republishIfSelected(source)
+            republishIfSelected(destination)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func republishIfSelected(_ id: ConversationID) {
+        guard let selectedPeerID, id == .directPeer(selectedPeerID) else { return }
+        objectWillChange.send()
+    }
+
+    private func refreshUnreadPeerIDs() {
+        let next = conversations.unreadDirectRoutingPeerIDs()
+        guard unreadPeerIDs != next else { return }
+        unreadPeerIDs = next
+    }
+
+    private func isDirect(_ id: ConversationID) -> Bool {
+        if case .direct = id { return true }
+        return false
+    }
+}
+
+enum PrivateConversationAvailability: Equatable {
+    case bluetoothConnected
+    case meshReachable
+    case nostrAvailable
+    case offline
+}
+
+struct PrivateConversationHeaderState: Equatable {
+    let conversationPeerID: PeerID
+    let headerPeerID: PeerID
+    let displayName: String
+    let availability: PrivateConversationAvailability
+    let isFavorite: Bool
+    let encryptionStatus: EncryptionStatus?
+
+    var supportsFavoriteToggle: Bool {
+        !conversationPeerID.isGeoDM
+    }
+}
+
+@MainActor
+final class PrivateConversationModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var selectedPeerID: PeerID?
+    @Published private(set) var selectedHeaderState: PrivateConversationHeaderState?
+
+    private let chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    private let conversations: ConversationStore
+    private let locationChannelsModel: LocationChannelsModel
+    private let peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(
+        chatViewModel: ChatViewModel,
+        conversations: ConversationStore,
+        locationChannelsModel: LocationChannelsModel? = nil,
+        peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore? = nil
+    ) {
+        self.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
+        self.conversations = conversations
+        self.locationChannelsModel = locationChannelsModel ?? LocationChannelsModel()
+        self.peerIdentityStore = peerIdentityStore ?? chatViewModel.peerIdentityStore
+        let initialPeerID = conversations.selectedPrivatePeerID
+        self.selectedPeerID = initialPeerID
+        self.selectedHeaderState = initialPeerID.flatMap { peerID in
+            makeHeaderState(for: peerID)
+        }
+
+        bind()
+    }
+
+    func startConversation(with peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.startPrivateChat(with: peerID)
+        refreshSelectedConversation()
+    }
+
+    func openConversation(for peerID: PeerID) {
+        if peerID.isGeoChat {
+            guard let full = chatViewModel.fullNostrHex(forSenderPeerID: peerID) else { return }
+            chatViewModel.startGeohashDM(withPubkeyHex: full)
+        } else {
+            chatViewModel.startPrivateChat(with: peerID)
+        }
+
+        refreshSelectedConversation()
+    }
+
+    func endConversation() {
+        chatViewModel.endPrivateChat()
+        refreshSelectedConversation()
+    }
+
+    func toggleFavorite(peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.toggleFavorite(peerID: peerID)
+        refreshSelectedConversation()
+    }
+
+    func toggleFavoriteForSelectedConversation() {
+        guard let headerPeerID = selectedHeaderState?.headerPeerID else { return }
+        toggleFavorite(peerID: headerPeerID)
+    }
+
+    func markMessagesAsRead(from peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.markPrivateMessagesAsRead(from: peerID)
+    }
+
+    private func bind() {
+        conversations.$selectedPrivatePeerID
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshSelectedConversation()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        chatViewModel.$allPeers
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshSelectedConversation()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        peerIdentityStore.$encryptionStatuses
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshSelectedConversation()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: .favoriteStatusChanged)
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshSelectedConversation()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: Notification.Name("peerStatusUpdated"))
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshSelectedConversation()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        locationChannelsModel.$selectedChannel
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.refreshSelectedConversation()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+    }
+
+    private func refreshSelectedConversation() {
+        selectedPeerID = conversations.selectedPrivatePeerID
+        selectedHeaderState = selectedPeerID.flatMap { peerID in
+            makeHeaderState(for: peerID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func makeHeaderState(for conversationPeerID: PeerID) -> PrivateConversationHeaderState {
+        let headerPeerID = chatViewModel.getShortIDForNoiseKey(conversationPeerID)
+        let peer = chatViewModel.getPeer(byID: headerPeerID)
+        let displayName = resolveDisplayName(for: conversationPeerID, headerPeerID: headerPeerID, peer: peer)
+        let availability = resolveAvailability(for: headerPeerID, peer: peer)
+        let encryptionStatus: EncryptionStatus? = conversationPeerID.isGeoDM
+            ? nil
+            : chatViewModel.getEncryptionStatus(for: headerPeerID)
+
+        return PrivateConversationHeaderState(
+            conversationPeerID: conversationPeerID,
+            headerPeerID: headerPeerID,
+            displayName: displayName,
+            availability: availability,
+            isFavorite: chatViewModel.isFavorite(peerID: headerPeerID),
+            encryptionStatus: encryptionStatus
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func resolveDisplayName(
+        for conversationPeerID: PeerID,
+        headerPeerID: PeerID,
+        peer: BitchatPeer?
+    ) -> String {
+        if conversationPeerID.isGeoDM, case .location(let channel) = locationChannelsModel.selectedChannel {
+            return "#\(channel.geohash)/@\(chatViewModel.geohashDisplayName(for: conversationPeerID))"
+        }
+        if let displayName = peer?.displayName {
+            return displayName
+        }
+        if let nickname = chatViewModel.meshService.peerNickname(peerID: headerPeerID) {
+            return nickname
+        }
+        if let favorite = FavoritesPersistenceService.shared.getFavoriteStatus(
+            for: Data(hexString: headerPeerID.id) ?? Data()
+        ), !favorite.peerNickname.isEmpty {
+            return favorite.peerNickname
+        }
+        if headerPeerID.id.count == 16 {
+            let candidates = chatViewModel.identityManager.getCryptoIdentitiesByPeerIDPrefix(headerPeerID)
+            if let identity = candidates.first,
+               let social = chatViewModel.identityManager.getSocialIdentity(for: identity.fingerprint) {
+                if let pet = social.localPetname, !pet.isEmpty {
+                    return pet
+                }
+                if !social.claimedNickname.isEmpty {
+                    return social.claimedNickname
+                }
+            }
+        } else if let noiseKey = headerPeerID.noiseKey {
+            let fingerprint = noiseKey.sha256Fingerprint()
+            if let social = chatViewModel.identityManager.getSocialIdentity(for: fingerprint) {
+                if let pet = social.localPetname, !pet.isEmpty {
+                    return pet
+                }
+                if !social.claimedNickname.isEmpty {
+                    return social.claimedNickname
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return String(localized: "common.unknown", comment: "Fallback label for unknown peer")
+    }
+
+    private func resolveAvailability(for headerPeerID: PeerID, peer: BitchatPeer?) -> PrivateConversationAvailability {
+        if let connectionState = peer?.connectionState {
+            switch connectionState {
+            case .bluetoothConnected:
+                return .bluetoothConnected
+            case .meshReachable:
+                return .meshReachable
+            case .nostrAvailable:
+                return .nostrAvailable
+            case .offline:
+                return .offline
+            }
+        }
+
+        if chatViewModel.meshService.isPeerReachable(headerPeerID) {
+            return .meshReachable
+        }
+        if let noiseKey = Data(hexString: headerPeerID.id),
+           let favoriteStatus = FavoritesPersistenceService.shared.getFavoriteStatus(for: noiseKey),
+           favoriteStatus.isMutual {
+            return .nostrAvailable
+        }
+        if chatViewModel.meshService.isPeerConnected(headerPeerID) || chatViewModel.connectedPeers.contains(headerPeerID) {
+            return .bluetoothConnected
+        }
+
+        return .offline
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/PublicChatModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import SwiftUI
+
+/// Feature model for the active public (mesh/geohash) timeline.
+///
+/// Observes ONE `Conversation` object in the single-writer
+/// `ConversationStore` — the active channel's — so appends to background
+/// conversations (other geohashes, private chats) never invalidate it.
+/// `messages` reads the observed conversation's backing array directly;
+/// there is no mirror copy.
+@MainActor
+final class PublicChatModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var activeChannel: ChannelID
+
+    /// The active public conversation's timeline.
+    var messages: [BitchatMessage] { activeConversation.messages }
+
+    private let conversations: ConversationStore
+    private var activeConversation: Conversation
+    private var activeConversationCancellable: AnyCancellable?
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(conversations: ConversationStore) {
+        let channel = conversations.activeChannel
+        self.conversations = conversations
+        self.activeChannel = channel
+        self.activeConversation = conversations.conversation(for: ConversationID(channelID: channel))
+
+        observeActiveConversation()
+        bind()
+    }
+
+    private func bind() {
+        conversations.$activeChannel
+            .dropFirst()
+            .sink { [weak self] channel in
+                guard let self else { return }
+                self.activeChannel = channel
+                self.retargetActiveConversation(to: channel)
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        // The store replaces a conversation's object when it is removed
+        // (panic clear); retarget to the fresh instance so the observation
+        // never goes stale.
+        conversations.changes
+            .sink { [weak self] change in
+                guard let self,
+                      case .removed(let id) = change,
+                      id == self.activeConversation.id else { return }
+                self.retargetActiveConversation(to: self.activeChannel)
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+    }
+
+    private func retargetActiveConversation(to channel: ChannelID) {
+        let conversation = conversations.conversation(for: ConversationID(channelID: channel))
+        guard conversation !== activeConversation else {
+            // Same object (e.g. re-selected channel): keep the existing
+            // observation, but `messages` may still differ from what views
+            // last rendered, so republish.
+            objectWillChange.send()
+            return
+        }
+        objectWillChange.send()
+        activeConversation = conversation
+        observeActiveConversation()
+    }
+
+    private func observeActiveConversation() {
+        activeConversationCancellable = activeConversation.objectWillChange
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.objectWillChange.send()
+            }
+    }
+}

bitchat/App/VerificationModel.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
+import Foundation
+
+struct FingerprintPresentationState: Equatable {
+    let statusPeerID: PeerID
+    let peerNickname: String
+    let encryptionStatus: EncryptionStatus
+    let theirFingerprint: String?
+    let myFingerprint: String
+    let isVerified: Bool
+
+    var canToggleVerification: Bool {
+        encryptionStatus == .noiseSecured || encryptionStatus == .noiseVerified
+    }
+}
+
+enum VerificationScanOutcome: Equatable {
+    case requested(String)
+    case notFound
+    case invalid
+}
+
+@MainActor
+final class VerificationModel: ObservableObject {
+    @Published private(set) var currentNickname: String
+    @Published private(set) var selectedPeerID: PeerID?
+
+    private let chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    private let peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore
+    private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+
+    init(
+        chatViewModel: ChatViewModel,
+        privateConversationModel: PrivateConversationModel,
+        peerIdentityStore: PeerIdentityStore? = nil
+    ) {
+        self.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
+        self.peerIdentityStore = peerIdentityStore ?? chatViewModel.peerIdentityStore
+        self.currentNickname = chatViewModel.nickname
+        self.selectedPeerID = privateConversationModel.selectedPeerID
+
+        bind(privateConversationModel: privateConversationModel)
+    }
+
+    func myQRString() -> String {
+        let npub = try? chatViewModel.idBridge.getCurrentNostrIdentity()?.npub
+        return VerificationService.shared.buildMyQRString(nickname: currentNickname, npub: npub) ?? ""
+    }
+
+    func beginQRVerification(with qr: VerificationService.VerificationQR) -> Bool {
+        chatViewModel.beginQRVerification(with: qr)
+    }
+
+    func verifyScannedPayload(_ payload: String) -> VerificationScanOutcome {
+        guard let qr = VerificationService.shared.verifyScannedQR(payload) else {
+            return .invalid
+        }
+
+        guard chatViewModel.beginQRVerification(with: qr) else {
+            return .notFound
+        }
+
+        return .requested(qr.nickname)
+    }
+
+    func verifyFingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.verifyFingerprint(for: peerID)
+    }
+
+    func unverifyFingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) {
+        chatViewModel.unverifyFingerprint(for: peerID)
+    }
+
+    func isVerified(peerID: PeerID) -> Bool {
+        guard let fingerprint = chatViewModel.getFingerprint(for: peerID) else { return false }
+        return peerIdentityStore.isVerified(fingerprint)
+    }
+
+    func fingerprintPresentation(for peerID: PeerID) -> FingerprintPresentationState {
+        let statusPeerID = chatViewModel.getShortIDForNoiseKey(peerID)
+        let encryptionStatus = chatViewModel.getEncryptionStatus(for: statusPeerID)
+        let theirFingerprint = chatViewModel.getFingerprint(for: statusPeerID)
+        let peerNickname = resolveDisplayName(for: peerID, statusPeerID: statusPeerID)
+
+        return FingerprintPresentationState(
+            statusPeerID: statusPeerID,
+            peerNickname: peerNickname,
+            encryptionStatus: encryptionStatus,
+            theirFingerprint: theirFingerprint,
+            myFingerprint: chatViewModel.getMyFingerprint(),
+            isVerified: theirFingerprint.map { peerIdentityStore.isVerified($0) } ?? false
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func bind(privateConversationModel: PrivateConversationModel) {
+        chatViewModel.$nickname
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$currentNickname)
+
+        privateConversationModel.$selectedPeerID
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .assign(to: &$selectedPeerID)
+
+        peerIdentityStore.$encryptionStatuses
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.objectWillChange.send()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        peerIdentityStore.$verifiedFingerprints
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.objectWillChange.send()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        chatViewModel.$allPeers
+            .receive(on: DispatchQueue.main)
+            .sink { [weak self] _ in
+                self?.objectWillChange.send()
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+    }
+
+    private func resolveDisplayName(for peerID: PeerID, statusPeerID: PeerID) -> String {
+        if let peer = chatViewModel.getPeer(byID: statusPeerID) {
+            return peer.displayName
+        }
+        if let name = chatViewModel.meshService.peerNickname(peerID: statusPeerID) {
+            return name
+        }
+        if let data = peerID.noiseKey {
+            if let favorite = FavoritesPersistenceService.shared.getFavoriteStatus(for: data),
+               !favorite.peerNickname.isEmpty {
+                return favorite.peerNickname
+            }
+            let fingerprint = data.sha256Fingerprint()
+            if let social = chatViewModel.identityManager.getSocialIdentity(for: fingerprint) {
+                if let pet = social.localPetname, !pet.isEmpty {
+                    return pet
+                }
+                if !social.claimedNickname.isEmpty {
+                    return social.claimedNickname
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return String(localized: "common.unknown", comment: "Label for an unknown peer")
+    }
+}

bitchat/BitchatApp.swift

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 // For more information, see <https://unlicense.org>
 //
 
-import Tor
 import SwiftUI
 import UserNotifications
 
@@ -14,119 +13,50 @@ import UserNotifications
 struct BitchatApp: App {
     static let bundleID = Bundle.main.bundleIdentifier ?? "chat.bitchat"
     static let groupID = "group.\(bundleID)"
-    
+
-    @StateObject private var chatViewModel: ChatViewModel
+    @StateObject private var runtime: AppRuntime
+    @AppStorage(AppTheme.storageKey) private var appThemeRawValue = AppTheme.matrix.rawValue
     #if os(iOS)
     @Environment(\.scenePhase) var scenePhase
     @UIApplicationDelegateAdaptor(AppDelegate.self) var appDelegate
-    // Skip the very first .active-triggered Tor restart on cold launch
-    @State private var didHandleInitialActive: Bool = false
-    @State private var didEnterBackground: Bool = false
     #elseif os(macOS)
     @NSApplicationDelegateAdaptor(MacAppDelegate.self) var appDelegate
     #endif
-    
+
-    private let idBridge = NostrIdentityBridge()
-    
     init() {
-        let keychain = KeychainManager()
+        _runtime = StateObject(wrappedValue: AppRuntime())
-        let idBridge = self.idBridge
-        _chatViewModel = StateObject(
-            wrappedValue: ChatViewModel(
-                keychain: keychain,
-                idBridge: idBridge,
-                identityManager: SecureIdentityStateManager(keychain)
-            )
-        )
-        
         UNUserNotificationCenter.current().delegate = NotificationDelegate.shared
-        // Warm up georelay directory and refresh if stale (once/day)
-        GeoRelayDirectory.shared.prefetchIfNeeded()
     }
-    
+
     var body: some Scene {
         WindowGroup {
             ContentView()
-                .environmentObject(chatViewModel)
+                .environment(\.appTheme, AppTheme(rawValue: appThemeRawValue) ?? .matrix)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.publicChatModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.privateInboxModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.privateConversationModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.verificationModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.conversationUIModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.locationChannelsModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.peerListModel)
+                .environmentObject(runtime.appChromeModel)
                 .onAppear {
-                    NotificationDelegate.shared.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
+                    appDelegate.runtime = runtime
-                    // Inject live Noise service into VerificationService to avoid creating new BLE instances
+                    runtime.start()
-                    VerificationService.shared.configure(with: chatViewModel.meshService.getNoiseService())
-                    // Prewarm Nostr identity and QR to make first VERIFY sheet fast
-                    let nickname = chatViewModel.nickname
-                    DispatchQueue.global(qos: .utility).async {
-                        let npub = try? idBridge.getCurrentNostrIdentity()?.npub
-                        _ = VerificationService.shared.buildMyQRString(nickname: nickname, npub: npub)
-                    }
-
-                    appDelegate.chatViewModel = chatViewModel
-
-                    // Initialize network activation policy; will start Tor/Nostr only when allowed
-                    NetworkActivationService.shared.start()
-                    
-                    // Start presence service (will wait for Tor readiness)
-                    GeohashPresenceService.shared.start()
-
-                    // Check for shared content
-                    checkForSharedContent()
                 }
                 .onOpenURL { url in
-                    handleURL(url)
+                    runtime.handleOpenURL(url)
                 }
                 #if os(iOS)
                 .onChange(of: scenePhase) { newPhase in
-                    switch newPhase {
+                    runtime.handleScenePhaseChange(newPhase)
-                    case .background:
-                        // Keep BLE mesh running in background; BLEService adapts scanning automatically
-                        // Always send Tor to dormant on background for a clean restart later.
-                        TorManager.shared.setAppForeground(false)
-                        TorManager.shared.goDormantOnBackground()
-                        // Stop geohash sampling while backgrounded
-                        Task { @MainActor in
-                            chatViewModel.endGeohashSampling()
-                        }
-                        // Proactively disconnect Nostr to avoid spurious socket errors while Tor is down
-                        NostrRelayManager.shared.disconnect()
-                        didEnterBackground = true
-                    case .active:
-                        // Restart services when becoming active
-                        chatViewModel.meshService.startServices()
-                        TorManager.shared.setAppForeground(true)
-                        // On initial cold launch, Tor was just started in onAppear.
-                        // Skip the deterministic restart the first time we become active.
-                        if didHandleInitialActive && didEnterBackground {
-                            if TorManager.shared.isAutoStartAllowed() && !TorManager.shared.isReady {
-                                TorManager.shared.ensureRunningOnForeground()
-                            }
-                        } else {
-                            didHandleInitialActive = true
-                        }
-                        didEnterBackground = false
-                        if TorManager.shared.isAutoStartAllowed() {
-                            Task.detached {
-                                let _ = await TorManager.shared.awaitReady(timeout: 60)
-                                await MainActor.run {
-                                    // Rebuild proxied sessions to bind to the live Tor after readiness
-                                    TorURLSession.shared.rebuild()
-                                    // Reconnect Nostr via fresh sessions; will gate until Tor 100%
-                                    NostrRelayManager.shared.resetAllConnections()
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        checkForSharedContent()
-                    case .inactive:
-                        break
-                    @unknown default:
-                        break
-                    }
                 }
                 .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: UIApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification)) { _ in
-                    // Check for shared content when app becomes active
+                    runtime.handleDidBecomeActiveNotification()
-                    checkForSharedContent()
                 }
                 #elseif os(macOS)
                 .onReceive(NotificationCenter.default.publisher(for: NSApplication.didBecomeActiveNotification)) { _ in
-                    // App became active
+                    runtime.handleMacDidBecomeActiveNotification()
                 }
                 #endif
         }
@@ -135,66 +65,18 @@ struct BitchatApp: App {
         .windowResizability(.contentSize)
         #endif
     }
-    
-    private func handleURL(_ url: URL) {
-        if url.scheme == "bitchat" && url.host == "share" {
-            // Handle shared content
-            checkForSharedContent()
-        }
-    }
-    
-    private func checkForSharedContent() {
-        // Check app group for shared content from extension
-        guard let userDefaults = UserDefaults(suiteName: BitchatApp.groupID) else {
-            return
-        }
-        
-        guard let sharedContent = userDefaults.string(forKey: "sharedContent"),
-              let sharedDate = userDefaults.object(forKey: "sharedContentDate") as? Date else {
-            return
-        }
-        
-        // Only process if shared within configured window
-        if Date().timeIntervalSince(sharedDate) < TransportConfig.uiShareAcceptWindowSeconds {
-            let contentType = userDefaults.string(forKey: "sharedContentType") ?? "text"
-            
-            // Clear the shared content
-            userDefaults.removeObject(forKey: "sharedContent")
-            userDefaults.removeObject(forKey: "sharedContentType")
-            userDefaults.removeObject(forKey: "sharedContentDate")
-            // No need to force synchronize here
-            
-            // Send the shared content immediately on the main queue
-            DispatchQueue.main.async {
-                if contentType == "url" {
-                    // Try to parse as JSON first
-                    if let data = sharedContent.data(using: .utf8),
-                       let urlData = try? JSONSerialization.jsonObject(with: data) as? [String: String],
-                       let url = urlData["url"] {
-                        // Send plain URL
-                        self.chatViewModel.sendMessage(url)
-                    } else {
-                        // Fallback to simple URL
-                        self.chatViewModel.sendMessage(sharedContent)
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    self.chatViewModel.sendMessage(sharedContent)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
 }
 
 #if os(iOS)
 final class AppDelegate: NSObject, UIApplicationDelegate {
-    weak var chatViewModel: ChatViewModel?
+    weak var runtime: AppRuntime?
-    
+
     func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey : Any]? = nil) -> Bool {
-        return true
+        true
     }
-    
+
     func applicationWillTerminate(_ application: UIApplication) {
-        chatViewModel?.applicationWillTerminate()
+        runtime?.applicationWillTerminate()
     }
 }
 #endif
@@ -203,79 +85,42 @@ final class AppDelegate: NSObject, UIApplicationDelegate {
 import AppKit
 
 final class MacAppDelegate: NSObject, NSApplicationDelegate {
-    weak var chatViewModel: ChatViewModel?
+    weak var runtime: AppRuntime?
-    
+
     func applicationWillTerminate(_ notification: Notification) {
-        chatViewModel?.applicationWillTerminate()
+        runtime?.applicationWillTerminate()
     }
-    
+
     func applicationShouldTerminateAfterLastWindowClosed(_ sender: NSApplication) -> Bool {
-        return true
+        true
     }
 }
 #endif
 
 final class NotificationDelegate: NSObject, UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate {
     static let shared = NotificationDelegate()
-    weak var chatViewModel: ChatViewModel?
+    weak var runtime: AppRuntime?
-    
+
     func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, didReceive response: UNNotificationResponse, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping () -> Void) {
         let identifier = response.notification.request.identifier
         let userInfo = response.notification.request.content.userInfo
-        
+
-        // Check if this is a private message notification
+        Task { @MainActor in
-        if identifier.hasPrefix("private-") {
+            self.runtime?.handleNotificationResponse(identifier: identifier, userInfo: userInfo)
-            // Get peer ID from userInfo
-            if let peerID = userInfo["peerID"] as? String {
-                DispatchQueue.main.async {
-                    self.chatViewModel?.startPrivateChat(with: PeerID(str: peerID))
-                }
-            }
         }
-        // Handle deeplink (e.g., geohash activity)
-        if let deep = userInfo["deeplink"] as? String, let url = URL(string: deep) {
-            #if os(iOS)
-            DispatchQueue.main.async { UIApplication.shared.open(url) }
-            #else
-            DispatchQueue.main.async { NSWorkspace.shared.open(url) }
-            #endif
-        }
-        
         completionHandler()
     }
-    
+
     func userNotificationCenter(_ center: UNUserNotificationCenter, willPresent notification: UNNotification, withCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationPresentationOptions) -> Void) {
         let identifier = notification.request.identifier
         let userInfo = notification.request.content.userInfo
-        
+
-        // Check if this is a private message notification
+        Task {
-        if identifier.hasPrefix("private-") {
+            let options = await self.runtime?.presentationOptions(
-            // Get peer ID from userInfo
+                forNotificationIdentifier: identifier,
-            if let peerID = userInfo["peerID"] as? String {
+                userInfo: userInfo
-                // Don't show notification if the private chat is already open
+            ) ?? [.banner, .sound]
-                // Access main-actor-isolated property via Task
+            completionHandler(options)
-                Task { @MainActor in
-                    if self.chatViewModel?.selectedPrivateChatPeer == PeerID(str: peerID) {
-                        completionHandler([])
-                    } else {
-                        completionHandler([.banner, .sound])
-                    }
-                }
-                return
-            }
         }
-        // Suppress geohash activity notification if we're already in that geohash channel
-        if identifier.hasPrefix("geo-activity-"),
-           let deep = userInfo["deeplink"] as? String,
-           let gh = deep.components(separatedBy: "/").last {
-            if case .location(let ch) = LocationChannelManager.shared.selectedChannel, ch.geohash == gh {
-                completionHandler([])
-                return
-            }
-        }
-        
-        // Show notification in all other cases
-        completionHandler([.banner, .sound])
     }
 }
-

bitchat/Features/media/ImageUtils.swift

@@ -15,30 +15,39 @@ enum ImageUtilsError: Error {
 enum ImageUtils {
     private static let compressionQuality: CGFloat = 0.82
     private static let targetImageBytes: Int = 45_000
+    private static let maxSourceImageBytes: Int = 10 * 1024 * 1024
 
-    static func processImage(at url: URL, maxDimension: CGFloat = 448) throws -> URL {
+    static func processImage(at url: URL, maxDimension: CGFloat = 448, outputDirectory: URL? = nil) throws -> URL {
-        // Security H1: Check file size BEFORE reading into memory
+        try validateImageSource(at: url)
-        let attrs = try FileManager.default.attributesOfItem(atPath: url.path)
-        guard let fileSize = attrs[.size] as? Int else {
-            throw ImageUtilsError.invalidImage
-        }
-        // Allow up to 10MB source images (will be scaled down)
-        guard fileSize <= 10 * 1024 * 1024 else {
-            throw ImageUtilsError.invalidImage
-        }
 
         let data = try Data(contentsOf: url)
         #if os(iOS)
         guard let image = UIImage(data: data) else { throw ImageUtilsError.invalidImage }
-        return try processImage(image, maxDimension: maxDimension)
+        return try processImage(image, maxDimension: maxDimension, outputDirectory: outputDirectory)
         #else
         guard let image = NSImage(data: data) else { throw ImageUtilsError.invalidImage }
-        return try processImage(image, maxDimension: maxDimension)
+        return try processImage(image, maxDimension: maxDimension, outputDirectory: outputDirectory)
         #endif
     }
 
+    static func validateImageSource(at url: URL) throws {
+        // Security H1: Check file size BEFORE reading into memory.
+        let attrs = try FileManager.default.attributesOfItem(atPath: url.path)
+        guard let fileSize = attrs[.size] as? Int,
+              fileSize > 0,
+              fileSize <= maxSourceImageBytes else {
+            throw ImageUtilsError.invalidImage
+        }
+
+        let options = [kCGImageSourceShouldCache: false] as CFDictionary
+        guard let source = CGImageSourceCreateWithURL(url as CFURL, options),
+              CGImageSourceGetType(source) != nil else {
+            throw ImageUtilsError.invalidImage
+        }
+    }
+
     #if os(iOS)
-    static func processImage(_ image: UIImage, maxDimension: CGFloat = 448) throws -> URL {
+    static func processImage(_ image: UIImage, maxDimension: CGFloat = 448, outputDirectory: URL? = nil) throws -> URL {
         return try autoreleasepool {
             // Scale the image first
             let scaled = scaledImage(image, maxDimension: maxDimension)
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@ enum ImageUtils {
                 }
             }
 
-            let outputURL = try makeOutputURL()
+            let outputURL = try makeOutputURL(outputDirectory: outputDirectory)
             try jpegData.write(to: outputURL, options: .atomic)
             return outputURL
         }
@@ -106,7 +115,7 @@ enum ImageUtils {
         return data as Data
     }
     #else
-    static func processImage(_ image: NSImage, maxDimension: CGFloat = 448) throws -> URL {
+    static func processImage(_ image: NSImage, maxDimension: CGFloat = 448, outputDirectory: URL? = nil) throws -> URL {
         return try autoreleasepool {
             let scaled = scaledImage(image, maxDimension: maxDimension)
             guard let inputCG = scaled.cgImage(forProposedRect: nil, context: nil, hints: nil) else {
@@ -142,7 +151,7 @@ enum ImageUtils {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            let outputURL = try makeOutputURL()
+            let outputURL = try makeOutputURL(outputDirectory: outputDirectory)
             try jpegData.write(to: outputURL, options: .atomic)
             return outputURL
         }
@@ -186,12 +195,17 @@ enum ImageUtils {
     }
     #endif
 
-    private static func makeOutputURL() throws -> URL {
+    private static func makeOutputURL(outputDirectory: URL? = nil) throws -> URL {
         let formatter = DateFormatter()
         formatter.dateFormat = "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss"
-        let fileName = "img_\(formatter.string(from: Date())).jpg"
+        let fileName = "img_\(formatter.string(from: Date()))_\(UUID().uuidString).jpg"
 
-        let directory = try applicationFilesDirectory().appendingPathComponent("images/outgoing", isDirectory: true)
+        let directory: URL
+        if let outputDirectory {
+            directory = outputDirectory
+        } else {
+            directory = try applicationFilesDirectory().appendingPathComponent("images/outgoing", isDirectory: true)
+        }
         try FileManager.default.createDirectory(at: directory, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
         return directory.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
     }

bitchat/Identity/IdentityModels.swift

@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
 ///
 
 import Foundation
+import BitFoundation
 
 // MARK: - Three-Layer Identity Model
 

bitchat/Identity/SecureIdentityStateManager.swift

@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
 ///
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import CryptoKit
 
@@ -201,8 +202,12 @@ final class SecureIdentityStateManager: SecureIdentityStateManagerProtocol {
             let decryptedData = try AES.GCM.open(sealedBox, using: encryptionKey)
             cache = try JSONDecoder().decode(IdentityCache.self, from: decryptedData)
         } catch {
-            // Log error but continue with empty cache
+            cache = IdentityCache()
-            SecureLogger.error(error, context: "Failed to load identity cache", category: .security)
+            let deleted = keychain.deleteIdentityKey(forKey: cacheKey)
+            SecureLogger.warning(
+                "Discarded unreadable identity cache; starting fresh (deleted=\(deleted), error=\(error.localizedDescription))",
+                category: .security
+            )
         }
     }
     

bitchat/Localizable.xcstrings

@@ -540,6 +540,543 @@
         }
       }
     },
+    "app_info.appearance.liquid_glass" : {
+      "extractionState" : "manual",
+      "localizations" : {
+        "ar" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "زجاج سائل"
+          }
+        },
+        "bn" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "লিকুইড গ্লাস"
+          }
+        },
+        "de" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "en" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "es" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "fil" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "fr" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "he" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "זכוכית נוזלית"
+          }
+        },
+        "hi" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "लिक्विड ग्लास"
+          }
+        },
+        "id" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "it" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "リキッドガラス"
+          }
+        },
+        "ko" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "리퀴드 글래스"
+          }
+        },
+        "ms" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "ne" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "लिक्विड ग्लास"
+          }
+        },
+        "nl" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "pl" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "pt" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "pt-BR" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "ru" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "жидкое стекло"
+          }
+        },
+        "sv" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "ta" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "லிக்விட் கிளாஸ்"
+          }
+        },
+        "th" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ลิควิดกลาส"
+          }
+        },
+        "tr" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "uk" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "рідке скло"
+          }
+        },
+        "ur" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "لیکویڈ گلاس"
+          }
+        },
+        "vi" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "liquid glass"
+          }
+        },
+        "zh-Hans" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "液态玻璃"
+          }
+        },
+        "zh-Hant" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "液態玻璃"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "app_info.appearance.matrix" : {
+      "extractionState" : "manual",
+      "localizations" : {
+        "ar" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ماتريكس"
+          }
+        },
+        "bn" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ম্যাট্রিক্স"
+          }
+        },
+        "de" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "en" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "es" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "fil" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "fr" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "he" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "מטריקס"
+          }
+        },
+        "hi" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "मैट्रिक्स"
+          }
+        },
+        "id" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "it" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "マトリックス"
+          }
+        },
+        "ko" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "매트릭스"
+          }
+        },
+        "ms" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "ne" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "म्याट्रिक्स"
+          }
+        },
+        "nl" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "pl" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "pt" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "pt-BR" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "ru" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "матрица"
+          }
+        },
+        "sv" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "ta" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "மேட்ரிக்ஸ்"
+          }
+        },
+        "th" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "เมทริกซ์"
+          }
+        },
+        "tr" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "uk" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "матриця"
+          }
+        },
+        "ur" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "میٹرکس"
+          }
+        },
+        "vi" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "matrix"
+          }
+        },
+        "zh-Hans" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "矩阵"
+          }
+        },
+        "zh-Hant" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "矩陣"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "app_info.appearance.title" : {
+      "extractionState" : "manual",
+      "localizations" : {
+        "ar" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "المظهر"
+          }
+        },
+        "bn" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "চেহারা"
+          }
+        },
+        "de" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ERSCHEINUNGSBILD"
+          }
+        },
+        "en" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "APPEARANCE"
+          }
+        },
+        "es" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "APARIENCIA"
+          }
+        },
+        "fil" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "HITSURA"
+          }
+        },
+        "fr" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "APPARENCE"
+          }
+        },
+        "he" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "מראה"
+          }
+        },
+        "hi" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "दिखावट"
+          }
+        },
+        "id" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "TAMPILAN"
+          }
+        },
+        "it" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ASPETTO"
+          }
+        },
+        "ja" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "外観"
+          }
+        },
+        "ko" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "화면 모드"
+          }
+        },
+        "ms" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "PENAMPILAN"
+          }
+        },
+        "ne" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "रूप"
+          }
+        },
+        "nl" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "WEERGAVE"
+          }
+        },
+        "pl" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "WYGLĄD"
+          }
+        },
+        "pt" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "APARÊNCIA"
+          }
+        },
+        "pt-BR" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "APARÊNCIA"
+          }
+        },
+        "ru" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ОФОРМЛЕНИЕ"
+          }
+        },
+        "sv" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "UTSEENDE"
+          }
+        },
+        "ta" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "தோற்றம்"
+          }
+        },
+        "th" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ลักษณะที่ปรากฏ"
+          }
+        },
+        "tr" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "GÖRÜNÜM"
+          }
+        },
+        "uk" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ОФОРМЛЕННЯ"
+          }
+        },
+        "ur" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "ظاہری شکل"
+          }
+        },
+        "vi" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "GIAO DIỆN"
+          }
+        },
+        "zh-Hans" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "外观"
+          }
+        },
+        "zh-Hant" : {
+          "stringUnit" : {
+            "state" : "translated",
+            "value" : "外觀"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "app_info.close" : {
       "extractionState" : "manual",
       "localizations" : {
@@ -24397,7 +24934,7 @@
         "en" : {
           "stringUnit" : {
             "state" : "translated",
-            "value" : "chat with people near you using geohash channels. only a coarse geohash is shared, never exact GPS. your IP address is hidden by routing all traffic over tor."
+            "value" : "chat with people near you using geohash channels. the selected geohash is public and may reveal an approximate area; exact GPS is never shared. your IP address is hidden by routing all traffic over tor."
           }
         },
         "es" : {

bitchat/Models/BitchatMessage+Media.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 // For more information, see <https://unlicense.org>
 //
 
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 
 extension BitchatMessage {

bitchat/Models/BitchatPeer.swift

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import Foundation
 import CoreBluetooth
+import BitFoundation
 
 /// Represents a peer in the BitChat network with all associated metadata
 struct BitchatPeer: Equatable {

bitchat/Models/ReadReceipt.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 import Foundation
+import BitFoundation
 
 struct ReadReceipt: Codable {
     let originalMessageID: String

bitchat/Models/RequestSyncPacket.swift

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ struct RequestSyncPacket {
             }
         }
 
-        guard let pp = p, let mm = m, let dd = payload, pp >= 1, mm > 0 else { return nil }
+        guard let pp = p, let mm = m, let dd = payload, pp >= 1, pp <= GCSFilter.maxP, mm > 0 else { return nil }
         return RequestSyncPacket(p: pp, m: mm, data: dd, types: types, sinceTimestamp: sinceTimestamp, fragmentIdFilter: fragmentIdFilter)
     }
 }

bitchat/Noise/NoiseProtocol.swift

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@
 ///
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import CryptoKit
 

bitchat/Noise/NoiseRateLimiter.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 
 final class NoiseRateLimiter {

bitchat/Noise/NoiseSession.swift

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import BitLogger
 import Foundation
 import CryptoKit
+import BitFoundation
 
 class NoiseSession {
     let peerID: PeerID

bitchat/Noise/NoiseSessionManager.swift

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 import BitLogger
 import CryptoKit
 import Foundation
+import BitFoundation
 
 final class NoiseSessionManager {
     private var sessions: [PeerID: NoiseSession] = [:]

bitchat/Nostr/Base64URLCoding.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum Base64URLCoding {
+    static func encode(_ data: Data) -> String {
+        data.base64EncodedString()
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "+", with: "-")
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "/", with: "_")
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "=", with: "")
+    }
+
+    static func decode(_ string: String) -> Data? {
+        var base64 = string
+        let padding = (4 - (base64.count % 4)) % 4
+        if padding > 0 {
+            base64 += String(repeating: "=", count: padding)
+        }
+        base64 = base64
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "-", with: "+")
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "_", with: "/")
+        return Data(base64Encoded: base64)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Nostr/GeoRelayDirectory.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ import UIKit
 import AppKit
 #endif
 
+extension Notification.Name {
+    /// Posted after the geo relay directory successfully refreshes its entries.
+    static let geoRelayDirectoryDidRefresh = Notification.Name("bitchat.geoRelayDirectoryDidRefresh")
+}
+
 /// Directory of online Nostr relays with approximate GPS locations, used for geohash routing.
 struct GeoRelayDirectoryDependencies {
     var userDefaults: UserDefaults
@@ -165,33 +170,16 @@ final class GeoRelayDirectory {
     }
 
     /// Returns up to `count` relay URLs (wss://) closest to the given coordinate.
+    /// Ties break by host so every device with the same directory picks the
+    /// same relay set — publishers and subscribers must agree on relays.
     func closestRelays(toLat lat: Double, lon: Double, count: Int = 5) -> [String] {
         guard !entries.isEmpty, count > 0 else { return [] }
 
-        if entries.count <= count {
+        return entries
-            return entries
+            .map { (entry: $0, distance: haversineKm(lat, lon, $0.lat, $0.lon)) }
-                .sorted { a, b in
+            .sorted { ($0.distance, $0.entry.host) < ($1.distance, $1.entry.host) }
-                    haversineKm(lat, lon, a.lat, a.lon) < haversineKm(lat, lon, b.lat, b.lon)
+            .prefix(count)
-                }
+            .map { "wss://\($0.entry.host)" }
-                .map { "wss://\($0.host)" }
-        }
-
-        var best: [(entry: Entry, distance: Double)] = []
-        best.reserveCapacity(count)
-
-        for entry in entries {
-            let distance = haversineKm(lat, lon, entry.lat, entry.lon)
-            if best.count < count {
-                let idx = best.firstIndex { $0.distance > distance } ?? best.count
-                best.insert((entry, distance), at: idx)
-            } else if let worstDistance = best.last?.distance, distance < worstDistance {
-                let idx = best.firstIndex { $0.distance > distance } ?? best.count
-                best.insert((entry, distance), at: idx)
-                best.removeLast()
-            }
-        }
-
-        return best.map { "wss://\($0.entry.host)" }
     }
 
     // MARK: - Remote Fetch
@@ -289,6 +277,8 @@ final class GeoRelayDirectory {
         isFetching = false
         retryAttempt = 0
         cancelRetry()
+        // Let waiters (e.g. location notes stuck in a "no relays" state) retry.
+        dependencies.notificationCenter.post(name: .geoRelayDirectoryDidRefresh, object: nil)
     }
 
     @MainActor
@@ -381,12 +371,7 @@ final class GeoRelayDirectory {
             if idx == 0 && line.lowercased().contains("relay url") { continue }
             let parts = line.split(separator: ",").map { $0.trimmed }
             guard parts.count >= 3 else { continue }
-            var host = parts[0]
+            guard let host = NostrRelayURL.directoryAddress(parts[0]) else { continue }
-            host = host.replacingOccurrences(of: "https://", with: "")
-            host = host.replacingOccurrences(of: "http://", with: "")
-            host = host.replacingOccurrences(of: "wss://", with: "")
-            host = host.replacingOccurrences(of: "ws://", with: "")
-            host = host.trimmingCharacters(in: CharacterSet(charactersIn: "/"))
             guard let lat = Double(parts[1]), let lon = Double(parts[2]) else { continue }
             result.insert(Entry(host: host, lat: lat, lon: lon))
         }

bitchat/Nostr/NostrEmbeddedBitChat.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import Foundation
+import BitFoundation
 
 // MARK: - BitChat-over-Nostr Adapter
 

bitchat/Nostr/NostrIdentityBridge.swift

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import CryptoKit
 

bitchat/Nostr/NostrProtocol.swift

@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ struct NostrProtocol {
         combined.append(nonce24)
         combined.append(sealed.ciphertext)
         combined.append(sealed.tag)
-        return "v2:" + base64URLEncode(combined)
+        return "v2:" + Base64URLCoding.encode(combined)
     }
     
     private static func decrypt(
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ struct NostrProtocol {
         // Expect NIP-44 v2 format
         guard ciphertext.hasPrefix("v2:") else { throw NostrError.invalidCiphertext }
         let encoded = String(ciphertext.dropFirst(3))
-        guard let data = base64URLDecode(encoded),
+        guard let data = Base64URLCoding.decode(encoded),
               data.count > (24 + 16),
               let senderPubkeyData = Data(hexString: senderPubkey) else {
             throw NostrError.invalidCiphertext
@@ -580,24 +580,9 @@ enum NostrError: Error {
     case encryptionFailed
 }
 
-// MARK: - NIP-44 v2 helpers (XChaCha20-Poly1305 + base64url)
+// MARK: - NIP-44 v2 helpers (XChaCha20-Poly1305)
 
 private extension NostrProtocol {
-    static func base64URLEncode(_ data: Data) -> String {
-        return data.base64EncodedString()
-            .replacingOccurrences(of: "+", with: "-")
-            .replacingOccurrences(of: "/", with: "_")
-            .replacingOccurrences(of: "=", with: "")
-    }
-
-    static func base64URLDecode(_ s: String) -> Data? {
-        var str = s
-        let pad = (4 - (str.count % 4)) % 4
-        if pad > 0 { str += String(repeating: "=", count: pad) }
-        str = str.replacingOccurrences(of: "-", with: "+").replacingOccurrences(of: "_", with: "/")
-        return Data(base64Encoded: str)
-    }
-
     static func deriveNIP44V2Key(from sharedSecretData: Data) throws -> Data {
         let derivedKey = HKDF<CryptoKit.SHA256>.deriveKey(
             inputKeyMaterial: SymmetricKey(data: sharedSecretData),

bitchat/Nostr/NostrRelayManager.swift

@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ struct NostrRelayManagerDependencies {
     var makeSession: () -> NostrRelaySessionProtocol
     var scheduleAfter: @Sendable (TimeInterval, @escaping @Sendable () -> Void) -> Void
     var now: () -> Date
+    /// Uniform random value in [0, 1) used to jitter reconnect backoff.
+    /// Injectable so tests can pin or sweep the jitter deterministically.
+    var jitterUnit: () -> Double
 }
 
 private extension NostrRelayManagerDependencies {
@@ -93,7 +96,8 @@ private extension NostrRelayManagerDependencies {
             scheduleAfter: { delay, action in
                 DispatchQueue.main.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delay, execute: action)
             },
-            now: Date.init
+            now: Date.init,
+            jitterUnit: { Double.random(in: 0..<1) }
         )
     }
 }
@@ -121,16 +125,15 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         var nextReconnectTime: Date?
     }
     
-    // Default relay list (can be customized)
+    // Default relays carry NIP-17 gift wraps, so avoid relays known to reject kind 1059.
     private static let defaultRelays = [
         "wss://relay.damus.io",
         "wss://nos.lol",
         "wss://relay.primal.net",
-        "wss://offchain.pub",
+        "wss://offchain.pub"
-        "wss://nostr21.com"
         // For local testing, you can add: "ws://localhost:8080"
     ]
-    private static let defaultRelaySet = Set(defaultRelays)
+    private static let defaultRelaySet = Set(defaultRelays.compactMap { NostrRelayURL.normalized($0) })
     
     @Published private(set) var relays: [Relay] = []
     @Published private(set) var isConnected = false
@@ -141,19 +144,51 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     private var hasLocationPermission: Bool = false
     private var connections: [String: NostrRelayConnectionProtocol] = [:]
     private var subscriptions: [String: Set<String>] = [:] // relay URL -> active subscription IDs
-    private var pendingSubscriptions: [String: [String: String]] = [:] // relay URL -> (subscription id -> encoded REQ JSON)
+    // Not-yet-flushed REQs per relay, bounded by a per-relay cap (oldest by
+    // insertion order evicted) and an age sweep on connect attempts. Dicts are
+    // unordered, so each entry carries an insertion sequence and queue time.
+    private struct PendingSubscription {
+        let messageString: String // encoded REQ JSON
+        let queuedAt: Date
+        let sequence: UInt64
+    }
+    private var pendingSubscriptions: [String: [String: PendingSubscription]] = [:] // relay URL -> (subscription id -> pending REQ)
+    private var pendingSubscriptionSequence: UInt64 = 0
     private var messageHandlers: [String: (NostrEvent) -> Void] = [:]
-    // Coalesce duplicate subscribe requests for the same id within a short window
+    private struct InboundEventKey: Hashable {
+        let subscriptionID: String
+        let eventID: String
+    }
+    private let recentInboundEventKeyLimit = TransportConfig.nostrInboundEventDedupCap
+    private let recentInboundEventKeyTrimTarget = TransportConfig.nostrInboundEventDedupTrimTarget
+    private var recentInboundEventKeys = Set<InboundEventKey>()
+    private var recentInboundEventKeyOrder: [InboundEventKey] = []
+    private var duplicateInboundEventDropCount = 0
+    private var duplicateInboundEventDropCountBySubscription: [String: Int] = [:]
+    private var inboundEventLogCount = 0
+    // Coalesce duplicate subscribe requests for the same id within a short window.
+    private let subscribeCoalesceInterval: TimeInterval = 1.0
     private var subscribeCoalesce: [String: Date] = [:]
+    private var pendingTorConnectionURLs = Set<String>()
+    private var awaitingTorForConnections = false
+    private var torReadyWaitAttempts = 0
     private var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
 
+    private struct SubscriptionRequestState: Equatable {
+        let messageString: String
+        let relayURLs: Set<String>
+    }
+    private var subscriptionRequestState: [String: SubscriptionRequestState] = [:]
+
     // Track EOSE per subscription to signal when initial stored events are done
     private struct EOSETracker {
         var pendingRelays: Set<String>
         var callback: () -> Void
-        var timer: Timer?
+        let epoch: Int
     }
     private var eoseTrackers: [String: EOSETracker] = [:]
+    private var eoseTrackerEpoch = 0
+    private var pendingEOSECallbacks: [String: () -> Void] = [:]
     
     // Message queue for reliability
     // Pending sends held only for relays that are not yet connected.
@@ -163,6 +198,9 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     }
     private var messageQueue: [PendingSend] = []
     private let messageQueueLock = NSLock()
+    // Total pending sends dropped at the queue cap; drives the sampled
+    // overflow warning (first + every Nth drop).
+    private var pendingSendDropCount = 0
     private let encoder = JSONEncoder()
     private var shouldUseTor: Bool { dependencies.userTorEnabled() }
     
@@ -233,25 +271,7 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     func connect() {
         // Global network policy gate
         guard dependencies.activationAllowed() else { return }
-        if shouldUseTor {
+        connectToRelays(relays.map(\.url), shouldLog: true)
-            // Ensure Tor is started early and wait for readiness off-main; then hop back to connect.
-            dependencies.awaitTorReady { [weak self] ready in
-                guard let self = self else { return }
-                if !ready {
-                    SecureLogger.error("❌ Tor not ready; aborting relay connections (fail-closed)", category: .session)
-                    return
-                }
-                SecureLogger.debug("🌐 Connecting to \(self.relays.count) Nostr relays (via Tor)", category: .session)
-                for relay in self.relays {
-                    self.connectToRelay(relay.url)
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            SecureLogger.debug("🌐 Connecting to \(self.relays.count) Nostr relays (direct)", category: .session)
-            for relay in self.relays {
-                connectToRelay(relay.url)
-            }
-        }
     }
     
     /// Disconnect from all relays
@@ -261,9 +281,21 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             task.cancel(with: .goingAway, reason: nil)
         }
         connections.removeAll()
-        // Clear known subscriptions and any queued subs since connections are gone
+        // Sockets are gone, so per-relay subscription state is cleared — but
+        // durable intent (subscriptionRequestState, messageHandlers, parked
+        // EOSE callbacks) is kept so REQs replay when relays reconnect
+        // (e.g. background → foreground).
         subscriptions.removeAll()
         pendingSubscriptions.removeAll()
+        // Settle in-flight initial loads instead of leaving callers hanging.
+        let trackers = eoseTrackers
+        eoseTrackers.removeAll()
+        for (_, tracker) in trackers {
+            tracker.callback()
+        }
+        pendingTorConnectionURLs.removeAll()
+        awaitingTorForConnections = false
+        torReadyWaitAttempts = 0
         updateConnectionStatus()
     }
     
@@ -273,22 +305,12 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         guard dependencies.activationAllowed() else { return }
         let targets = allowedRelayList(from: relayUrls)
         guard !targets.isEmpty else { return }
-        if shouldUseTor && dependencies.torEnforced() && !dependencies.torIsReady() {
-            // Defer until Tor is fully ready; avoid queuing connection attempts early
-            dependencies.awaitTorReady { [weak self] ready in
-                guard let self = self else { return }
-                if ready { self.ensureConnections(to: relayUrls) }
-            }
-            return
-        }
         var existing = Set(relays.map { $0.url })
         for url in targets where !existing.contains(url) {
             relays.append(Relay(url: url))
             existing.insert(url)
         }
-        for url in targets where connections[url] == nil {
+        connectToRelays(targets)
-            connectToRelay(url)
-        }
     }
 
     /// Send an event to specified relays (or all if none specified)
@@ -296,11 +318,14 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         // Global network policy gate
         guard dependencies.activationAllowed() else { return }
         if shouldUseTor && dependencies.torEnforced() && !dependencies.torIsReady() {
-            // Defer sends until Tor is ready to avoid premature queueing
+            // Fail-closed: nothing touches the network until Tor is up. Queue the
-            dependencies.awaitTorReady { [weak self] ready in
+            // event locally so it survives a slow bootstrap (queued sends flush
-                guard let self = self else { return }
+            // when relays connect), then kick off connection setup, which itself
-                if ready { self.sendEvent(event, to: relayUrls) }
+            // waits for Tor readiness.
-            }
+            let targetRelays = allowedRelayList(from: relayUrls ?? Self.defaultRelays)
+            guard !targetRelays.isEmpty else { return }
+            enqueuePendingSend(event, pendingRelays: Set(targetRelays))
+            ensureConnections(to: targetRelays)
             return
         }
         let requestedRelays = relayUrls ?? Self.defaultRelays
@@ -311,16 +336,36 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         // Attempt immediate send to relays with active connections; queue the rest
         var stillPending = Set<String>()
         for relayUrl in targetRelays {
-            if let connection = connections[relayUrl] {
+            if let connection = connectedConnection(for: relayUrl) {
                 sendToRelay(event: event, connection: connection, relayUrl: relayUrl)
             } else {
                 stillPending.insert(relayUrl)
             }
         }
         if !stillPending.isEmpty {
-            messageQueueLock.lock()
+            enqueuePendingSend(event, pendingRelays: stillPending)
-            messageQueue.append(PendingSend(event: event, pendingRelays: stillPending))
+        }
-            messageQueueLock.unlock()
+    }
+
+    private func enqueuePendingSend(_ event: NostrEvent, pendingRelays: Set<String>) {
+        messageQueueLock.lock()
+        messageQueue.append(PendingSend(event: event, pendingRelays: pendingRelays))
+        let overflow = messageQueue.count - TransportConfig.nostrPendingSendQueueCap
+        if overflow > 0 {
+            messageQueue.removeFirst(overflow)
+        }
+        messageQueueLock.unlock()
+        guard overflow > 0 else { return }
+        // Dropped events are ephemeral (presence/geo), so no status surfacing
+        // is needed — but the drops should be visible. Sampled so a sustained
+        // relay stall can't flood the log.
+        pendingSendDropCount += overflow
+        if pendingSendDropCount == 1 ||
+            pendingSendDropCount.isMultiple(of: TransportConfig.nostrPendingSendDropLogInterval) {
+            SecureLogger.warning(
+                "📤 Relay send queue full — dropped \(pendingSendDropCount) oldest event(s)",
+                category: .session
+            )
         }
     }
 
@@ -333,7 +378,7 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             // Flush only for a specific relay
             for i in (0..<messageQueue.count).reversed() {
                 var item = messageQueue[i]
-                if item.pendingRelays.contains(target), let conn = connections[target] {
+                if item.pendingRelays.contains(target), let conn = connectedConnection(for: target) {
                     sendToRelay(event: item.event, connection: conn, relayUrl: target)
                     item.pendingRelays.remove(target)
                     if item.pendingRelays.isEmpty {
@@ -348,7 +393,7 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             for i in (0..<messageQueue.count).reversed() {
                 var item = messageQueue[i]
                 for url in item.pendingRelays {
-                    if let conn = connections[url] {
+                    if let conn = connectedConnection(for: url) {
                         sendToRelay(event: item.event, connection: conn, relayUrl: url)
                         item.pendingRelays.remove(url)
                     }
@@ -361,6 +406,14 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    private func connectedConnection(for relayUrl: String) -> NostrRelayConnectionProtocol? {
+        guard let connection = connections[relayUrl],
+              relays.first(where: { $0.url == relayUrl })?.isConnected == true else {
+            return nil
+        }
+        return connection
+    }
     
     /// Subscribe to events matching a filter. If `relayUrls` provided, targets only those relays.
     func subscribe(
@@ -372,24 +425,12 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     ) {
         // Global network policy gate
         guard dependencies.activationAllowed() else { return }
-        // Coalesce rapid duplicate subscribe requests only if a handler already exists
+        // Coalesce rapid duplicate subscribe requests even while Tor readiness is pending.
         let now = dependencies.now()
-        if messageHandlers[id] != nil {
+        if let last = subscribeCoalesce[id], now.timeIntervalSince(last) < subscribeCoalesceInterval {
-            if let last = subscribeCoalesce[id], now.timeIntervalSince(last) < 1.0 {
-                return
-            }
-        }
-        subscribeCoalesce[id] = now
-        if shouldUseTor && dependencies.torEnforced() && !dependencies.torIsReady() {
-            // Defer subscription setup until Tor is ready; avoid queuing subs early
-            dependencies.awaitTorReady { [weak self] ready in
-                guard let self = self else { return }
-                if ready {
-                    self.subscribe(filter: filter, id: id, relayUrls: relayUrls, handler: handler, onEOSE: onEOSE)
-                }
-            }
             return
         }
+        subscribeCoalesce[id] = now
         messageHandlers[id] = handler
         
         let req = NostrRequest.subscribe(id: id, filters: [filter])
@@ -405,36 +446,30 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             
             // Target specific relays if provided; else default. Filter permanently failed relays.
             let baseUrls = relayUrls ?? Self.defaultRelays
-            let candidateUrls = baseUrls.filter { !isPermanentlyFailed($0) }
+            let urls = allowedRelayList(from: baseUrls).filter { !isPermanentlyFailed($0) }
-            let urls = allowedRelayList(from: candidateUrls)
+            let requestState = SubscriptionRequestState(messageString: messageString, relayURLs: Set(urls))
+            if subscriptionRequestState[id] == requestState, subscriptionStateExists(id: id, requestState: requestState) {
+                return
+            }
+            subscriptionRequestState[id] = requestState
+
             // Always queue subscriptions; sending happens when a relay reports connected
-            let existingSet = Set(relays.map { $0.url })
+            var existingSet = Set(relays.map { $0.url })
             for url in urls where !existingSet.contains(url) {
                 relays.append(Relay(url: url))
+                existingSet.insert(url)
             }
             for url in urls {
-                var map = self.pendingSubscriptions[url] ?? [:]
+                queuePendingSubscription(id: id, messageString: messageString, for: url)
-                map[id] = messageString
-                self.pendingSubscriptions[url] = map
             }
             // Initialize EOSE tracking if requested
             if let onEOSE = onEOSE {
                 if urls.isEmpty {
                     onEOSE()
+                } else if shouldWaitForTorBeforeConnecting {
+                    parkEOSECallbackUntilTorReady(id: id, callback: onEOSE)
                 } else {
-                    var tracker = EOSETracker(pendingRelays: Set(urls), callback: onEOSE, timer: nil)
+                    startEOSETracking(id: id, relayURLs: Set(urls), callback: onEOSE)
-                    // Fallback timeout to avoid hanging if a relay never sends EOSE
-                    tracker.timer = Timer.scheduledTimer(withTimeInterval: 2.0, repeats: false) { [weak self] _ in
-                        Task { @MainActor in
-                            guard let self = self else { return }
-                            if let t = self.eoseTrackers[id] {
-                                t.timer?.invalidate()
-                                self.eoseTrackers.removeValue(forKey: id)
-                                onEOSE()
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    eoseTrackers[id] = tracker
                 }
             }
             SecureLogger.debug("📋 Queued subscription id=\(id) for \(urls.count) relay(s)", category: .session)
@@ -492,7 +527,8 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     private func allowedRelayList(from urls: [String]) -> [String] {
         var seen = Set<String>()
         var result: [String] = []
-        for url in urls {
+        for rawURL in urls {
+            guard let url = NostrRelayURL.normalized(rawURL) else { continue }
             if !allowDefaultRelays && Self.defaultRelaySet.contains(url) { continue }
             if seen.insert(url).inserted {
                 result.append(url)
@@ -504,8 +540,16 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     /// Unsubscribe from a subscription
     func unsubscribe(id: String) {
         messageHandlers.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        removeRecentInboundEvents(forSubscriptionID: id)
+        duplicateInboundEventDropCountBySubscription.removeValue(forKey: id)
         // Allow immediate re-subscription by clearing coalescer timestamp
         subscribeCoalesce.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        subscriptionRequestState.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        pendingEOSECallbacks.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        eoseTrackers.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        for url in Array(pendingSubscriptions.keys) {
+            pendingSubscriptions[url]?.removeValue(forKey: id)
+        }
         
         let req = NostrRequest.close(id: id)
         let message = try? encoder.encode(req)
@@ -525,6 +569,246 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     }
     
     // MARK: - Private Methods
+
+    private var shouldWaitForTorBeforeConnecting: Bool {
+        shouldUseTor && !dependencies.torIsReady()
+    }
+
+    private func connectToRelays(_ relayUrls: [String], shouldLog: Bool = false) {
+        guard dependencies.activationAllowed() else { return }
+        sweepStalePendingSubscriptions()
+        let targets = allowedRelayList(from: relayUrls).filter {
+            connections[$0] == nil && !isPermanentlyFailed($0)
+        }
+        guard !targets.isEmpty else { return }
+
+        if shouldWaitForTorBeforeConnecting {
+            queueConnectionsUntilTorReady(targets)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if shouldLog {
+            let route = shouldUseTor ? "via Tor" : "direct"
+            SecureLogger.debug("🌐 Connecting to \(targets.count) Nostr relay(s) (\(route))", category: .session)
+        }
+
+        for url in targets {
+            connectToRelay(url)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func queueConnectionsUntilTorReady(_ relayUrls: [String]) {
+        let targets = allowedRelayList(from: relayUrls).filter {
+            connections[$0] == nil && !isPermanentlyFailed($0)
+        }
+        guard !targets.isEmpty else { return }
+
+        pendingTorConnectionURLs.formUnion(targets)
+        guard !awaitingTorForConnections else { return }
+
+        awaitingTorForConnections = true
+        let generation = connectionGeneration
+        dependencies.awaitTorReady { [weak self] ready in
+            guard let self else { return }
+            guard generation == self.connectionGeneration else { return }
+
+            let pending = Array(self.pendingTorConnectionURLs)
+            self.pendingTorConnectionURLs.removeAll()
+            self.awaitingTorForConnections = false
+
+            guard ready else {
+                self.torReadyWaitAttempts += 1
+                if self.torReadyWaitAttempts < TransportConfig.nostrTorReadyMaxWaitAttempts {
+                    SecureLogger.warning("Tor not ready; re-queueing \(pending.count) relay connection(s) (attempt \(self.torReadyWaitAttempts))", category: .session)
+                    self.queueConnectionsUntilTorReady(pending)
+                } else {
+                    // Still fail-closed (no network), but unblock any callers
+                    // waiting on EOSE so the UI doesn't hang indefinitely.
+                    // Queued subscriptions/sends are kept and flush if a later
+                    // trigger (e.g. app foreground) brings Tor up.
+                    SecureLogger.error("❌ Tor not ready after \(self.torReadyWaitAttempts) wait(s); aborting relay connections (fail-closed)", category: .session)
+                    self.torReadyWaitAttempts = 0
+                    self.unblockPendingEOSECallbacks(reason: "tor-unavailable")
+                }
+                return
+            }
+
+            self.torReadyWaitAttempts = 0
+            self.connectToRelays(pending, shouldLog: true)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Park an EOSE callback while Tor is not yet ready, and schedule the same
+    /// fallback timeout `startEOSETracking` uses. Without it, a parked callback
+    /// would only be unblocked by Tor-readiness retry exhaustion (several
+    /// awaitReady timeouts, i.e. minutes), leaving callers hanging far past the
+    /// normal EOSE fallback. If Tor recovers first the callback is promoted to
+    /// a real EOSE tracker (`startPendingEOSETrackingIfNeeded`), and if retry
+    /// exhaustion fires first it is drained by `unblockPendingEOSECallbacks`;
+    /// either way it leaves `pendingEOSECallbacks` and this timer is a no-op.
+    private func parkEOSECallbackUntilTorReady(id: String, callback: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        pendingEOSECallbacks[id] = callback
+        let generation = connectionGeneration
+        dependencies.scheduleAfter(TransportConfig.nostrSubscriptionEOSEFallbackSeconds) { [weak self] in
+            Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+                guard let self else { return }
+                // Stale timers from a previous connection generation are void.
+                guard generation == self.connectionGeneration else { return }
+                // Already fired (unsubscribe, retry-exhaustion unblock) or
+                // promoted to a real EOSE tracker: nothing to do.
+                guard let callback = self.pendingEOSECallbacks.removeValue(forKey: id) else { return }
+                SecureLogger.warning("Unblocking Tor-parked EOSE callback for \(id) after fallback timeout", category: .session)
+                callback()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Fire and clear all EOSE callbacks that are parked waiting for Tor.
+    /// Callers treat EOSE as "initial fetch finished"; firing with no data is
+    /// safe and prevents indefinite hangs when Tor cannot bootstrap.
+    private func unblockPendingEOSECallbacks(reason: String) {
+        guard !pendingEOSECallbacks.isEmpty else { return }
+        let callbacks = pendingEOSECallbacks
+        pendingEOSECallbacks.removeAll()
+        SecureLogger.warning("Unblocking \(callbacks.count) pending EOSE callback(s) without data (\(reason))", category: .session)
+        for (_, callback) in callbacks {
+            callback()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func subscriptionStateExists(id: String, requestState: SubscriptionRequestState) -> Bool {
+        guard !requestState.relayURLs.isEmpty else { return true }
+        return requestState.relayURLs.allSatisfy { url in
+            pendingSubscriptions[url]?[id]?.messageString == requestState.messageString ||
+                subscriptions[url]?.contains(id) == true
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func queuePendingSubscription(id: String, messageString: String, for url: String) {
+        var map = pendingSubscriptions[url] ?? [:]
+        pendingSubscriptionSequence &+= 1
+        map[id] = PendingSubscription(
+            messageString: messageString,
+            queuedAt: dependencies.now(),
+            sequence: pendingSubscriptionSequence
+        )
+        // Bound per-relay pending REQs; evict oldest by insertion order. The
+        // durable intent stays in subscriptionRequestState, so an evicted REQ
+        // is still replayed if its subscription is active when the relay
+        // (re)connects.
+        var evictedCount = 0
+        while map.count > TransportConfig.nostrPendingSubscriptionsPerRelayCap,
+              let oldest = map.min(by: { $0.value.sequence < $1.value.sequence }) {
+            map.removeValue(forKey: oldest.key)
+            evictedCount += 1
+        }
+        if evictedCount > 0 {
+            // Bounds proof: the cap eviction actually removed entries.
+            SecureLogger.warning(
+                "📋 Evicted \(evictedCount) pending sub(s) over cap for \(url)",
+                category: .session
+            )
+        }
+        pendingSubscriptions[url] = map
+    }
+
+    /// Drop pending REQs older than the TTL. Runs on connect attempts (the
+    /// natural maintenance path: connect/ensureConnections/reconnects all
+    /// funnel through connectToRelays) so stale entries for relays that never
+    /// come up cannot accumulate without bound.
+    private func sweepStalePendingSubscriptions() {
+        let now = dependencies.now()
+        for (url, map) in pendingSubscriptions {
+            let fresh = map.filter {
+                now.timeIntervalSince($0.value.queuedAt) <= TransportConfig.nostrPendingSubscriptionTTLSeconds
+            }
+            guard fresh.count != map.count else { continue }
+            // Bounds proof: the age sweep actually removed entries. Warning
+            // (not debug) — stale pending REQs mean a relay never came up.
+            SecureLogger.warning(
+                "📋 Swept \(map.count - fresh.count) stale pending sub(s) for \(url)",
+                category: .session
+            )
+            pendingSubscriptions[url] = fresh.isEmpty ? nil : fresh
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func startEOSETracking(id: String, relayURLs: Set<String>, callback: @escaping () -> Void) {
+        eoseTrackerEpoch += 1
+        let epoch = eoseTrackerEpoch
+        eoseTrackers[id] = EOSETracker(pendingRelays: relayURLs, callback: callback, epoch: epoch)
+        // Fallback timeout to avoid hanging if a relay never sends EOSE.
+        dependencies.scheduleAfter(TransportConfig.nostrSubscriptionEOSEFallbackSeconds) { [weak self] in
+            Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+                guard let self else { return }
+                guard let tracker = self.eoseTrackers[id], tracker.epoch == epoch else { return }
+                self.eoseTrackers.removeValue(forKey: id)
+                tracker.callback()
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func startPendingEOSETrackingIfNeeded(id: String) {
+        guard eoseTrackers[id] == nil,
+              let callback = pendingEOSECallbacks.removeValue(forKey: id),
+              let requestState = subscriptionRequestState[id]
+        else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        if requestState.relayURLs.isEmpty {
+            callback()
+        } else {
+            startEOSETracking(id: id, relayURLs: requestState.relayURLs, callback: callback)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func shouldDeliverInboundEvent(subscriptionID: String, eventID: String) -> Bool {
+        guard !eventID.isEmpty else { return true }
+        let key = InboundEventKey(subscriptionID: subscriptionID, eventID: eventID)
+        guard recentInboundEventKeys.insert(key).inserted else {
+            recordDuplicateInboundEventDrop(subscriptionID: subscriptionID)
+            return false
+        }
+        recentInboundEventKeyOrder.append(key)
+
+        if recentInboundEventKeyOrder.count > recentInboundEventKeyLimit {
+            let removeCount = recentInboundEventKeyOrder.count - recentInboundEventKeyTrimTarget
+            for staleKey in recentInboundEventKeyOrder.prefix(removeCount) {
+                recentInboundEventKeys.remove(staleKey)
+            }
+            recentInboundEventKeyOrder.removeFirst(removeCount)
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private func recordDuplicateInboundEventDrop(subscriptionID: String) {
+        duplicateInboundEventDropCount += 1
+        let subscriptionCount = (duplicateInboundEventDropCountBySubscription[subscriptionID] ?? 0) + 1
+        duplicateInboundEventDropCountBySubscription[subscriptionID] = subscriptionCount
+
+        if duplicateInboundEventDropCount == 1 ||
+            duplicateInboundEventDropCount.isMultiple(of: TransportConfig.nostrDuplicateEventLogInterval) {
+            SecureLogger.debug(
+                "Dropped duplicate Nostr event deliveries total=\(duplicateInboundEventDropCount) sub=\(subscriptionID) sub_total=\(subscriptionCount)",
+                category: .session
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func removeRecentInboundEvents(forSubscriptionID subscriptionID: String) {
+        guard !recentInboundEventKeyOrder.isEmpty else { return }
+        var retainedKeys: [InboundEventKey] = []
+        retainedKeys.reserveCapacity(recentInboundEventKeyOrder.count)
+        for key in recentInboundEventKeyOrder {
+            if key.subscriptionID == subscriptionID {
+                recentInboundEventKeys.remove(key)
+            } else {
+                retainedKeys.append(key)
+            }
+        }
+        recentInboundEventKeyOrder = retainedKeys
+    }
     
     private func connectToRelay(_ urlString: String) {
         // Global network policy gate
@@ -550,12 +834,8 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         // Attempting to connect to Nostr relay via the proxied session
         
         // If Tor is enforced but not ready, delay connection until it is.
-        if shouldUseTor && dependencies.torEnforced() && !dependencies.torIsReady() {
+        if shouldWaitForTorBeforeConnecting {
-            dependencies.awaitTorReady { [weak self] ready in
+            queueConnectionsUntilTorReady([urlString])
-                guard let self = self else { return }
-                if ready { self.connectToRelay(urlString) }
-                else { SecureLogger.error("❌ Tor not ready; skipping connection to \(urlString)", category: .session) }
-            }
             return
         }
         
@@ -586,25 +866,35 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Send any queued subscriptions for a relay that just connected.
+    /// Send queued subscriptions and replay durable ones for a relay that just
+    /// (re)connected. Relays drop subscriptions with the socket, so every
+    /// active subscription targeting this relay must be re-sent.
     private func flushPendingSubscriptions(for relayUrl: String) {
-        guard let map = pendingSubscriptions[relayUrl], !map.isEmpty else { return }
         guard let connection = connections[relayUrl] else { return }
-        for (id, messageString) in map {
+        var toSend = (pendingSubscriptions[relayUrl] ?? [:]).mapValues(\.messageString)
+        for (id, state) in subscriptionRequestState where state.relayURLs.contains(relayUrl) && toSend[id] == nil {
+            toSend[id] = state.messageString
+        }
+        for (id, messageString) in toSend {
             if self.subscriptions[relayUrl]?.contains(id) == true { continue }
-            connection.send(.string(messageString)) { error in
+            startPendingEOSETrackingIfNeeded(id: id)
-                if let error = error {
+            connection.send(.string(messageString)) { [weak self, weak connection] error in
-                    SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to send pending subscription to \(relayUrl): \(error)", category: .session)
+                Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
-                } else {
+                    guard let self else { return }
-                    Task { @MainActor in
+                    if let error = error {
-                        var subs = self.subscriptions[relayUrl] ?? Set<String>()
+                        // Keep the pending entry; the next (re)connect retries it.
-                        subs.insert(id)
+                        SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to send pending subscription to \(relayUrl): \(error)", category: .session)
-                        self.subscriptions[relayUrl] = subs
+                    } else {
+                        // A stale completion from a socket that has since been
+                        // replaced must not mark the subscription active, or
+                        // the next connection would skip replaying it.
+                        guard let connection, self.connections[relayUrl] === connection else { return }
+                        self.subscriptions[relayUrl, default: []].insert(id)
+                        self.pendingSubscriptions[relayUrl]?.removeValue(forKey: id)
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
-        pendingSubscriptions[relayUrl] = nil
     }
     
     private func receiveMessage(from task: NostrRelayConnectionProtocol, relayUrl: String) {
@@ -642,12 +932,26 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     private func handleParsedMessage(_ parsed: ParsedInbound, from relayUrl: String) {
         switch parsed {
         case .event(let subId, let event):
-            if event.kind != 1059 {
-                SecureLogger.debug("📥 Event kind=\(event.kind) id=\(event.id.prefix(16))… relay=\(relayUrl)", category: .session)
-            }
             if let index = self.relays.firstIndex(where: { $0.url == relayUrl }) {
                 self.relays[index].messagesReceived += 1
             }
+            guard event.isValidSignature() else {
+                SecureLogger.warning(
+                    "⚠️ Dropped invalid Nostr event id=\(event.id.prefix(16))… sub=\(subId) relay=\(relayUrl)",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                return
+            }
+            guard shouldDeliverInboundEvent(subscriptionID: subId, eventID: event.id) else {
+                return
+            }
+            if event.kind != 1059 {
+                // Per-event logging floods dev builds in busy geohashes; sample it.
+                inboundEventLogCount += 1
+                if inboundEventLogCount == 1 || inboundEventLogCount.isMultiple(of: TransportConfig.nostrInboundEventLogInterval) {
+                    SecureLogger.debug("📥 Event #\(inboundEventLogCount) kind=\(event.kind) id=\(event.id.prefix(16))… relay=\(relayUrl)", category: .session)
+                }
+            }
             if let handler = self.messageHandlers[subId] {
                 handler(event)
             } else {
@@ -657,7 +961,6 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             if var tracker = eoseTrackers[subId] {
                 tracker.pendingRelays.remove(relayUrl)
                 if tracker.pendingRelays.isEmpty {
-                    tracker.timer?.invalidate()
                     eoseTrackers.removeValue(forKey: subId)
                     tracker.callback()
                 } else {
@@ -671,9 +974,9 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             } else {
                 let isGiftWrap = Self.pendingGiftWrapIDs.remove(eventId) != nil
                 if isGiftWrap {
-                    SecureLogger.warning("📮 Rejected id=\(eventId.prefix(16))… reason=\(reason)", category: .session)
+                    SecureLogger.warning("📮 Rejected id=\(eventId.prefix(16))… relay=\(relayUrl) reason=\(reason)", category: .session)
                 } else {
-                    SecureLogger.error("📮 Rejected id=\(eventId.prefix(16))… reason=\(reason)", category: .session)
+                    SecureLogger.error("📮 Rejected id=\(eventId.prefix(16))… relay=\(relayUrl) reason=\(reason)", category: .session)
                 }
             }
         case .notice:
@@ -731,17 +1034,30 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         isConnected = relays.contains { $0.isConnected }
     }
     
-    private func handleDisconnection(relayUrl: String, error: Error) {
+    /// A relay that drops before sending EOSE must not stall initial-load
-        // If networking is disallowed, do not schedule reconnection
+    /// callbacks; treat it as done and let the remaining relays (or the
-        if !dependencies.activationAllowed() {
+    /// fallback timeout) drive completion.
-            connections.removeValue(forKey: relayUrl)
+    private func settleEOSETrackers(droppingRelay relayUrl: String) {
-            subscriptions.removeValue(forKey: relayUrl)
+        for (id, var tracker) in eoseTrackers where tracker.pendingRelays.contains(relayUrl) {
-            updateRelayStatus(relayUrl, isConnected: false, error: error)
+            tracker.pendingRelays.remove(relayUrl)
-            return
+            if tracker.pendingRelays.isEmpty {
+                eoseTrackers.removeValue(forKey: id)
+                tracker.callback()
+            } else {
+                eoseTrackers[id] = tracker
+            }
         }
+    }
+
+    private func handleDisconnection(relayUrl: String, error: Error) {
         connections.removeValue(forKey: relayUrl)
         subscriptions.removeValue(forKey: relayUrl)
         updateRelayStatus(relayUrl, isConnected: false, error: error)
+        settleEOSETrackers(droppingRelay: relayUrl)
+        // If networking is disallowed, do not schedule reconnection
+        if !dependencies.activationAllowed() {
+            return
+        }
         
         // Check if this is a DNS or handshake error; treat as permanent
         let errorDescription = error.localizedDescription.lowercased()
@@ -772,16 +1088,26 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
             return
         }
         
-        // Calculate backoff interval
+        // Calculate backoff interval with ±jitterRatio random jitter so relays
-        let backoffInterval = min(
+        // that dropped together don't all reconnect at the same instant.
+        let baseBackoffInterval = min(
             initialBackoffInterval * pow(backoffMultiplier, Double(relays[index].reconnectAttempts - 1)),
             maxBackoffInterval
         )
-        
+        let jitterRatio = TransportConfig.nostrRelayBackoffJitterRatio
+        let jitterFactor = 1.0 + (dependencies.jitterUnit() * 2.0 - 1.0) * jitterRatio
+        let backoffInterval = baseBackoffInterval * jitterFactor
+
         let nextReconnectTime = dependencies.now().addingTimeInterval(backoffInterval)
         relays[index].nextReconnectTime = nextReconnectTime
-        
+
-        
+        // Reconnects are bounded by maxReconnectAttempts and exponentially
+        // backed off, so this is low-frequency: plain debug, no sampling.
+        SecureLogger.debug(
+            "🔄 Reconnect \(relayUrl) in \(String(format: "%.1f", backoffInterval))s (base \(String(format: "%.1f", baseBackoffInterval))s, attempt \(relays[index].reconnectAttempts)/\(maxReconnectAttempts))",
+            category: .session
+        )
+
         // Schedule reconnection with exponential backoff
         let gen = connectionGeneration
         dependencies.scheduleAfter(backoffInterval) { [weak self] in
@@ -801,7 +1127,8 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     
     /// Manually retry connection to a specific relay
     func retryConnection(to relayUrl: String) {
-        guard let index = relays.firstIndex(where: { $0.url == relayUrl }) else { return }
+        let normalizedRelayUrl = NostrRelayURL.normalized(relayUrl) ?? relayUrl
+        guard let index = relays.firstIndex(where: { $0.url == normalizedRelayUrl }) else { return }
         
         // Reset reconnection attempts
         relays[index].reconnectAttempts = 0
@@ -809,13 +1136,13 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         relays[index].lastError = nil
         
         // Disconnect if connected
-        if let connection = connections[relayUrl] {
+        if let connection = connections[normalizedRelayUrl] {
             connection.cancel(with: .goingAway, reason: nil)
-            connections.removeValue(forKey: relayUrl)
+            connections.removeValue(forKey: normalizedRelayUrl)
         }
         
         // Attempt immediate reconnection
-        connectToRelay(relayUrl)
+        connectToRelay(normalizedRelayUrl)
     }
     
     /// Get detailed status for all relays
@@ -838,6 +1165,19 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
         pendingSubscriptions[relayUrl]?.count ?? 0
     }
 
+    func debugPendingSubscriptionIDs(for relayUrl: String) -> Set<String> {
+        guard let map = pendingSubscriptions[relayUrl] else { return [] }
+        return Set(map.keys)
+    }
+
+    var debugDuplicateInboundEventDropCount: Int {
+        duplicateInboundEventDropCount
+    }
+
+    func debugDuplicateInboundEventDropCount(forSubscriptionID subscriptionID: String) -> Int {
+        duplicateInboundEventDropCountBySubscription[subscriptionID] ?? 0
+    }
+
     func debugFlushMessageQueue() {
         flushMessageQueue(for: nil)
     }
@@ -862,6 +1202,13 @@ final class NostrRelayManager: ObservableObject {
     // MARK: - Failure classification
     private func isPermanentlyFailed(_ url: String) -> Bool {
         guard let r = relays.first(where: { $0.url == url }) else { return false }
+        // Failures decay: after a cooldown the relay gets another chance, so a
+        // long network outage or transient relay trouble can't blacklist it
+        // for the rest of the process lifetime.
+        if let lastDisconnect = r.lastDisconnectedAt,
+           dependencies.now().timeIntervalSince(lastDisconnect) >= TransportConfig.nostrRelayFailureCooldownSeconds {
+            return false
+        }
         if r.reconnectAttempts >= maxReconnectAttempts { return true }
         if let ns = r.lastError as NSError?, ns.domain == NSURLErrorDomain {
             if ns.code == NSURLErrorBadServerResponse || ns.code == NSURLErrorCannotFindHost {
@@ -893,8 +1240,7 @@ private enum ParsedInbound {
             if array.count >= 3,
                let subId = array[1] as? String,
                let eventDict = array[2] as? [String: Any],
-               let event = try? NostrEvent(from: eventDict),
+               let event = try? NostrEvent(from: eventDict) {
-               event.isValidSignature() {
                 self = .event(subId: subId, event: event)
                 return
             }

bitchat/Nostr/NostrRelayURL.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum NostrRelayURL {
+    static func normalized(_ rawValue: String, defaultScheme: String? = nil) -> String? {
+        var value = rawValue.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines)
+        guard !value.isEmpty else { return nil }
+
+        if !value.contains("://"), let defaultScheme {
+            value = "\(defaultScheme)://\(value)"
+        }
+
+        guard var components = URLComponents(string: value),
+              let rawScheme = components.scheme?.lowercased(),
+              let rawHost = components.host?.lowercased(),
+              !rawHost.isEmpty else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        switch rawScheme {
+        case "wss", "https":
+            components.scheme = "wss"
+            if components.port == 443 {
+                components.port = nil
+            }
+        case "ws", "http":
+            components.scheme = "ws"
+            if components.port == 80 {
+                components.port = nil
+            }
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        components.host = rawHost
+        if components.path == "/" {
+            components.path = ""
+        }
+        components.fragment = nil
+
+        return components.string
+    }
+
+    static func directoryAddress(_ rawValue: String) -> String? {
+        guard var normalized = normalized(rawValue, defaultScheme: "wss") else { return nil }
+        for prefix in ["wss://", "ws://"] where normalized.hasPrefix(prefix) {
+            normalized.removeFirst(prefix.count)
+            break
+        }
+        return normalized
+    }
+}

bitchat/Protocols/BitchatFilePacket.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 import Foundation
+import BitFoundation
 import BitLogger
 
 /// TLV payload for Bluetooth mesh file transfers (voice notes, images, generic files).

bitchat/Protocols/BitchatProtocol.swift

@@ -60,40 +60,7 @@
 
 import Foundation
 import CoreBluetooth
-
+import BitFoundation
-// MARK: - Message Types
-
-/// Simplified BitChat protocol message types.
-/// Reduced from 24 types to just 6 essential ones.
-/// All private communication metadata (receipts, status) is embedded in noiseEncrypted payloads.
-enum MessageType: UInt8 {
-    // Public messages (unencrypted)
-    case announce = 0x01        // "I'm here" with nickname
-    case message = 0x02         // Public chat message  
-    case leave = 0x03           // "I'm leaving"
-    case requestSync = 0x21     // GCS filter-based sync request (local-only)
-    
-    // Noise encryption
-    case noiseHandshake = 0x10  // Handshake (init or response determined by payload)
-    case noiseEncrypted = 0x11  // All encrypted payloads (messages, receipts, etc.)
-    
-    // Fragmentation (simplified)
-    case fragment = 0x20        // Single fragment type for large messages
-    case fileTransfer = 0x22    // Binary file/audio/image payloads
-    
-    var description: String {
-        switch self {
-        case .announce: return "announce"
-        case .message: return "message"
-        case .leave: return "leave"
-        case .requestSync: return "requestSync"
-        case .noiseHandshake: return "noiseHandshake"
-        case .noiseEncrypted: return "noiseEncrypted"
-        case .fragment: return "fragment"
-        case .fileTransfer: return "fileTransfer"
-        }
-    }
-}
 
 // MARK: - Noise Payload Types
 
@@ -131,35 +98,6 @@ enum LazyHandshakeState {
     case failed(Error)         // Handshake failed
 }
 
-// MARK: - Delivery Status
-
-// Delivery status for messages
-enum DeliveryStatus: Codable, Equatable, Hashable {
-    case sending
-    case sent  // Left our device
-    case delivered(to: String, at: Date)  // Confirmed by recipient
-    case read(by: String, at: Date)  // Seen by recipient
-    case failed(reason: String)
-    case partiallyDelivered(reached: Int, total: Int)  // For rooms
-    
-    var displayText: String {
-        switch self {
-        case .sending:
-            return "Sending..."
-        case .sent:
-            return "Sent"
-        case .delivered(let nickname, _):
-            return "Delivered to \(nickname)"
-        case .read(let nickname, _):
-            return "Read by \(nickname)"
-        case .failed(let reason):
-            return "Failed: \(reason)"
-        case .partiallyDelivered(let reached, let total):
-            return "Delivered to \(reached)/\(total)"
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // MARK: - Delegate Protocol
 
 protocol BitchatDelegate: AnyObject {

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEAnnounceHandler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import BitLogger
+import Foundation
+
+/// Narrow environment for `BLEAnnounceHandler`.
+///
+/// All queue hops (collections barrier, BLE-queue link-state reads, main-actor
+/// UI notification, delayed re-announce) live inside the closures supplied by
+/// `BLEService`, keeping the handler queue-agnostic and synchronously testable.
+struct BLEAnnounceHandlerEnvironment {
+    /// Local peer identity at the time the announce is handled.
+    let localPeerID: () -> PeerID
+    /// TTL value used for direct (non-relayed) packets.
+    let messageTTL: UInt8
+    /// Current time source.
+    let now: () -> Date
+    /// Noise public key already recorded for the peer, if any (registry read).
+    let existingNoisePublicKey: (PeerID) -> Data?
+    /// Verifies the packet signature against the announced signing key.
+    let verifySignature: (_ packet: BitchatPacket, _ signingPublicKey: Data) -> Bool
+    /// Direct link state for the peer (BLE-queue read).
+    let linkState: (PeerID) -> (hasPeripheral: Bool, hasCentral: Bool)
+    /// Runs the registry mutation phase under the collections barrier.
+    let withRegistryBarrier: (() -> Void) -> Void
+    /// Upserts the verified announce into the peer registry.
+    /// Must only be called from inside `withRegistryBarrier`.
+    let upsertVerifiedAnnounce: (
+        _ peerID: PeerID,
+        _ announcement: AnnouncementPacket,
+        _ isConnected: Bool,
+        _ now: Date
+    ) -> BLEPeerAnnounceUpdate
+    /// Debounced reconnect-log decision.
+    /// Must only be called from inside `withRegistryBarrier`.
+    let shouldEmitReconnectLog: (_ peerID: PeerID, _ now: Date) -> Bool
+    /// Records verified direct-neighbor claims in the mesh topology.
+    let updateTopology: (_ peerID: PeerID, _ neighbors: [Data]) -> Void
+    /// Persists the announced cryptographic identity for offline verification.
+    let persistIdentity: (AnnouncementPacket) -> Void
+    /// Announce-back dedup check.
+    let dedupContains: (String) -> Bool
+    /// Announce-back dedup marking.
+    let dedupMarkProcessed: (String) -> Void
+    /// Delivers the announce UI events as one ordered main-actor hop:
+    /// `.peerConnected` (if flagged) → initial gossip sync scheduling (if
+    /// flagged) → peer-ID snapshot + data publish + `.peerListUpdated`.
+    /// A single closure keeps the original in-order delivery guarantee that
+    /// separate unstructured tasks would not provide.
+    let deliverAnnounceUIEvents: (
+        _ peerID: PeerID,
+        _ notifyPeerConnected: Bool,
+        _ scheduleInitialSync: Bool
+    ) -> Void
+    /// Tracks the announce packet for gossip sync.
+    let trackPacketSeen: (BitchatPacket) -> Void
+    /// Reciprocates the announce for bidirectional discovery.
+    let sendAnnounceBack: () -> Void
+    /// Schedules a delayed re-announce (afterglow) after the given delay.
+    let scheduleAfterglow: (TimeInterval) -> Void
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates inbound announce packets: preflight validation, signature
+/// trust, registry/topology updates, identity persistence, UI notification,
+/// gossip tracking, and the reciprocal announce response.
+final class BLEAnnounceHandler {
+    private let environment: BLEAnnounceHandlerEnvironment
+
+    init(environment: BLEAnnounceHandlerEnvironment) {
+        self.environment = environment
+    }
+
+    func handle(_ packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID) {
+        let env = environment
+        let now = env.now()
+        let preflight = BLEAnnouncePreflightPolicy.evaluate(
+            packet: packet,
+            from: peerID,
+            localPeerID: env.localPeerID(),
+            now: now
+        )
+
+        let announcement: AnnouncementPacket
+        switch preflight {
+        case .accept(let acceptance):
+            announcement = acceptance.announcement
+        case .reject(.malformed):
+            SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to decode announce packet from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+            return
+        case .reject(.senderMismatch(let derivedFromKey)):
+            SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Announce sender mismatch: derived \(derivedFromKey.id.prefix(8))… vs packet \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…", category: .security)
+            return
+        case .reject(.selfAnnounce):
+            return
+        case .reject(.stale(let ageSeconds)):
+            SecureLogger.debug("⏰ Ignoring stale announce from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… (age: \(ageSeconds)s)", category: .session)
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Suppress announce logs to reduce noise
+
+        // Precompute signature verification outside barrier to reduce contention
+        let existingNoisePublicKey = env.existingNoisePublicKey(peerID)
+        let hasSignature = packet.signature != nil
+        let signatureValid: Bool
+        if hasSignature {
+            signatureValid = env.verifySignature(packet, announcement.signingPublicKey)
+            if !signatureValid {
+                SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Signature verification for announce failed \(peerID.id.prefix(8))", category: .security)
+            }
+        } else {
+            signatureValid = false
+        }
+        let trustDecision = BLEAnnounceTrustPolicy.evaluate(
+            hasSignature: hasSignature,
+            signatureValid: signatureValid,
+            existingNoisePublicKey: existingNoisePublicKey,
+            announcedNoisePublicKey: announcement.noisePublicKey
+        )
+        if case .reject(.keyMismatch) = trustDecision {
+            SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Announce key mismatch for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… — keeping unverified", category: .security)
+        }
+        let verifiedAnnounce = trustDecision.isVerified
+
+        var isNewPeer = false
+        var isReconnectedPeer = false
+        let directLinkState = env.linkState(peerID)
+        let isDirectAnnounce = packet.ttl == env.messageTTL
+
+        env.withRegistryBarrier {
+            let hasPeripheralConnection = directLinkState.hasPeripheral
+            let hasCentralSubscription = directLinkState.hasCentral
+
+            // Require verified announce; ignore otherwise (no backward compatibility)
+            if !verifiedAnnounce {
+                SecureLogger.warning("❌ Ignoring unverified announce from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…", category: .security)
+                // Reset flags to prevent post-barrier code from acting on unverified announces
+                isNewPeer = false
+                isReconnectedPeer = false
+                return
+            }
+
+            let update = env.upsertVerifiedAnnounce(
+                peerID,
+                announcement,
+                isDirectAnnounce || hasPeripheralConnection || hasCentralSubscription,
+                now
+            )
+            isNewPeer = update.isNewPeer
+            isReconnectedPeer = update.wasDisconnected
+
+            // Log connection status only for direct connectivity changes; debounce to reduce spam
+            if isDirectAnnounce || hasPeripheralConnection || hasCentralSubscription {
+                let now = env.now()
+                if update.isNewPeer {
+                    SecureLogger.debug("🆕 New peer: \(announcement.nickname)", category: .session)
+                } else if update.wasDisconnected {
+                    if env.shouldEmitReconnectLog(peerID, now) {
+                        SecureLogger.debug("🔄 Peer \(announcement.nickname) reconnected", category: .session)
+                    }
+                } else if let previousNickname = update.previousNickname, previousNickname != announcement.nickname {
+                    SecureLogger.debug("🔄 Peer \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… changed nickname: \(previousNickname) -> \(announcement.nickname)", category: .session)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update topology with verified neighbor claims (only for authenticated announces)
+        if verifiedAnnounce, let neighbors = announcement.directNeighbors {
+            env.updateTopology(peerID, neighbors)
+        }
+
+        // Persist cryptographic identity and signing key for robust offline verification
+        env.persistIdentity(announcement)
+
+        let announceBackID = "announce-back-\(peerID)"
+        let shouldSendBack = !env.dedupContains(announceBackID)
+        if shouldSendBack {
+            env.dedupMarkProcessed(announceBackID)
+        }
+        let responsePlan = BLEAnnounceResponsePolicy.plan(
+            isDirectAnnounce: isDirectAnnounce,
+            isNewPeer: isNewPeer,
+            isReconnectedPeer: isReconnectedPeer,
+            shouldSendAnnounceBack: shouldSendBack
+        )
+
+        // Only notify of connection for new or reconnected peers when it is a
+        // direct announce; the list update always follows in the same hop.
+        env.deliverAnnounceUIEvents(
+            peerID,
+            responsePlan.shouldNotifyPeerConnected,
+            responsePlan.shouldNotifyPeerConnected && responsePlan.shouldScheduleInitialSync
+        )
+
+        // Track for sync (include our own and others' announces)
+        env.trackPacketSeen(packet)
+
+        if responsePlan.shouldSendAnnounceBack {
+            // Reciprocate announce for bidirectional discovery
+            // Force send to ensure the peer receives our announce
+            env.sendAnnounceBack()
+        }
+
+        // Afterglow: on first-seen peers, schedule a short re-announce to push presence one more hop
+        if responsePlan.shouldScheduleAfterglow {
+            let delay = Double.random(in: 0.3...0.6)
+            env.scheduleAfterglow(delay)
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEAnnounceHandlingPolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEAnnouncePreflightAcceptance {
+    let announcement: AnnouncementPacket
+    let derivedPeerID: PeerID
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnouncePreflightRejection: Equatable {
+    case malformed
+    case senderMismatch(derivedPeerID: PeerID)
+    case selfAnnounce
+    case stale(ageSeconds: Double)
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnouncePreflightDecision {
+    case accept(BLEAnnouncePreflightAcceptance)
+    case reject(BLEAnnouncePreflightRejection)
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnouncePreflightPolicy {
+    static func evaluate(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        from peerID: PeerID,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> BLEAnnouncePreflightDecision {
+        guard let announcement = AnnouncementPacket.decode(from: packet.payload) else {
+            return .reject(.malformed)
+        }
+
+        let derivedPeerID = PeerID(publicKey: announcement.noisePublicKey)
+        guard derivedPeerID == peerID else {
+            return .reject(.senderMismatch(derivedPeerID: derivedPeerID))
+        }
+
+        guard peerID != localPeerID else {
+            return .reject(.selfAnnounce)
+        }
+
+        guard !BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy.isStale(timestampMilliseconds: packet.timestamp, now: now) else {
+            return .reject(.stale(ageSeconds: BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy.ageSeconds(
+                timestampMilliseconds: packet.timestamp,
+                now: now
+            )))
+        }
+
+        return .accept(BLEAnnouncePreflightAcceptance(
+            announcement: announcement,
+            derivedPeerID: derivedPeerID
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnounceTrustRejection: Equatable {
+    case missingSignature
+    case invalidSignature
+    case keyMismatch
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnounceTrustDecision: Equatable {
+    case verified
+    case reject(BLEAnnounceTrustRejection)
+
+    var isVerified: Bool {
+        self == .verified
+    }
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnounceTrustPolicy {
+    static func evaluate(
+        hasSignature: Bool,
+        signatureValid: Bool,
+        existingNoisePublicKey: Data?,
+        announcedNoisePublicKey: Data
+    ) -> BLEAnnounceTrustDecision {
+        if let existingNoisePublicKey, existingNoisePublicKey != announcedNoisePublicKey {
+            return .reject(.keyMismatch)
+        }
+
+        guard hasSignature else {
+            return .reject(.missingSignature)
+        }
+
+        guard signatureValid else {
+            return .reject(.invalidSignature)
+        }
+
+        return .verified
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLEAnnounceResponsePlan: Equatable {
+    let shouldNotifyPeerConnected: Bool
+    let shouldScheduleInitialSync: Bool
+    let shouldSendAnnounceBack: Bool
+    let shouldScheduleAfterglow: Bool
+}
+
+enum BLEAnnounceResponsePolicy {
+    static func plan(
+        isDirectAnnounce: Bool,
+        isNewPeer: Bool,
+        isReconnectedPeer: Bool,
+        shouldSendAnnounceBack: Bool
+    ) -> BLEAnnounceResponsePlan {
+        let shouldNotifyPeerConnected = isDirectAnnounce && (isNewPeer || isReconnectedPeer)
+
+        return BLEAnnounceResponsePlan(
+            shouldNotifyPeerConnected: shouldNotifyPeerConnected,
+            shouldScheduleInitialSync: shouldNotifyPeerConnected,
+            shouldSendAnnounceBack: shouldSendAnnounceBack,
+            shouldScheduleAfterglow: isNewPeer
+        )
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEAnnounceThrottle.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEAnnounceThrottle {
+    private var lastSent: Date
+    private let normalMinimumInterval: TimeInterval
+    private let forcedMinimumInterval: TimeInterval
+
+    init(
+        lastSent: Date = .distantPast,
+        normalMinimumInterval: TimeInterval = TransportConfig.bleAnnounceMinInterval,
+        forcedMinimumInterval: TimeInterval = TransportConfig.bleForceAnnounceMinIntervalSeconds
+    ) {
+        self.lastSent = lastSent
+        self.normalMinimumInterval = normalMinimumInterval
+        self.forcedMinimumInterval = forcedMinimumInterval
+    }
+
+    func elapsed(since now: Date) -> TimeInterval {
+        now.timeIntervalSince(lastSent)
+    }
+
+    mutating func shouldSend(force: Bool, now: Date) -> Bool {
+        let minimumInterval = force ? forcedMinimumInterval : normalMinimumInterval
+        guard elapsed(since: now) >= minimumInterval else {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        lastSent = now
+        return true
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEConnectionScheduler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral> {
+    let peripheral: Peripheral
+    let peripheralID: String
+    let rssi: Int
+    let name: String
+    let isConnectable: Bool
+    let discoveredAt: Date
+}
+
+struct BLEExistingConnectionState {
+    let isConnecting: Bool
+    let isConnected: Bool
+    let lastConnectionAttempt: Date?
+}
+
+enum BLEPeripheralConnectionState {
+    case disconnected
+    case connecting
+    case connected
+}
+
+enum BLEDiscoveryDecision: Equatable {
+    case ignore
+    case queued
+    case scheduleRetry(after: TimeInterval)
+    case cancelStaleConnection
+    case connectNow
+}
+
+enum BLEConnectionQueueDecision<Peripheral> {
+    case none
+    case retryAfter(TimeInterval)
+    case connect(BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>)
+}
+
+final class BLEConnectionScheduler<Peripheral> {
+    private let maxCentralLinks: Int
+    private let connectRateLimitInterval: TimeInterval
+    private let candidateCap: Int
+    private let weakLinkCooldownSeconds: TimeInterval
+    private let weakLinkRSSICutoff: Int
+
+    private var lastGlobalConnectAttempt: Date = .distantPast
+    private var candidates: [BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>] = []
+    private var failureCounts: [String: Int] = [:]
+    private var recentConnectTimeouts: [String: Date] = [:]
+    // Tracked separately from connect timeouts: a peer we held a connection
+    // with and lost (walked out of range) usually comes back, so it only gets
+    // a brief rediscovery ignore — not the timeout backoff/cooldown treatment
+    // reserved for peers that never answered a connect attempt.
+    private var recentDisconnects: [String: Date] = [:]
+    private var lastIsolatedAt: Date?
+
+    private let initialDynamicRSSIThreshold: Int
+    private(set) var dynamicRSSIThreshold: Int
+
+    var candidateCount: Int {
+        candidates.count
+    }
+
+    init(
+        maxCentralLinks: Int = TransportConfig.bleMaxCentralLinks,
+        connectRateLimitInterval: TimeInterval = TransportConfig.bleConnectRateLimitInterval,
+        candidateCap: Int = TransportConfig.bleConnectionCandidatesMax,
+        weakLinkCooldownSeconds: TimeInterval = TransportConfig.bleWeakLinkCooldownSeconds,
+        weakLinkRSSICutoff: Int = TransportConfig.bleWeakLinkRSSICutoff,
+        dynamicRSSIThreshold: Int = TransportConfig.bleDynamicRSSIThresholdDefault
+    ) {
+        self.maxCentralLinks = maxCentralLinks
+        self.connectRateLimitInterval = connectRateLimitInterval
+        self.candidateCap = candidateCap
+        self.weakLinkCooldownSeconds = weakLinkCooldownSeconds
+        self.weakLinkRSSICutoff = weakLinkRSSICutoff
+        self.initialDynamicRSSIThreshold = dynamicRSSIThreshold
+        self.dynamicRSSIThreshold = dynamicRSSIThreshold
+    }
+
+    func handleDiscovery(
+        _ candidate: BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>,
+        connectedOrConnectingCount: Int,
+        existingState: BLEExistingConnectionState?,
+        peripheralState: BLEPeripheralConnectionState,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> BLEDiscoveryDecision {
+        guard candidate.isConnectable else { return .ignore }
+
+        if candidate.rssi <= dynamicRSSIThreshold {
+            enqueue(candidate)
+            return .queued
+        }
+
+        if connectedOrConnectingCount >= maxCentralLinks {
+            enqueue(candidate)
+            return .queued
+        }
+
+        if let retryDelay = rateLimitRetryDelay(now: now) {
+            enqueue(candidate)
+            return .scheduleRetry(after: retryDelay)
+        }
+
+        if let existingState {
+            if existingState.isConnected || existingState.isConnecting {
+                return .ignore
+            }
+
+            if let lastAttempt = existingState.lastConnectionAttempt,
+               now.timeIntervalSince(lastAttempt) < 2.0 {
+                return .ignore
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let lastTimeout = recentConnectTimeouts[candidate.peripheralID],
+           now.timeIntervalSince(lastTimeout) < TransportConfig.bleTimeoutDiscoveryIgnoreSeconds {
+            return .ignore
+        }
+
+        if let lastDisconnect = recentDisconnects[candidate.peripheralID],
+           now.timeIntervalSince(lastDisconnect) < TransportConfig.bleDisconnectDiscoveryIgnoreSeconds {
+            return .ignore
+        }
+
+        switch peripheralState {
+        case .disconnected:
+            return .connectNow
+        case .connecting, .connected:
+            return .cancelStaleConnection
+        }
+    }
+
+    func enqueue(_ candidate: BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>) {
+        if let existingIndex = candidates.firstIndex(where: { $0.peripheralID == candidate.peripheralID }) {
+            candidates[existingIndex] = candidate
+        } else {
+            candidates.append(candidate)
+        }
+
+        candidates.sort {
+            if $0.rssi != $1.rssi { return $0.rssi > $1.rssi }
+            return $0.discoveredAt < $1.discoveredAt
+        }
+        if candidates.count > candidateCap {
+            candidates.removeLast(candidates.count - candidateCap)
+        }
+    }
+
+    func nextCandidate(
+        connectedOrConnectingCount: Int,
+        isAlreadyConnectingOrConnected: (String) -> Bool,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> BLEConnectionQueueDecision<Peripheral> {
+        guard connectedOrConnectingCount < maxCentralLinks else { return .none }
+
+        if let retryDelay = rateLimitRetryDelay(now: now) {
+            return .retryAfter(retryDelay)
+        }
+
+        while !candidates.isEmpty {
+            candidates.sort { score($0, now: now) > score($1, now: now) }
+            let candidate = candidates.removeFirst()
+            guard candidate.isConnectable else { continue }
+
+            if let delay = weakLinkRetryDelay(for: candidate, now: now) {
+                enqueue(candidate)
+                return .retryAfter(delay)
+            }
+
+            if let delay = disconnectSettleDelay(for: candidate, now: now) {
+                enqueue(candidate)
+                return .retryAfter(delay)
+            }
+
+            if isAlreadyConnectingOrConnected(candidate.peripheralID) {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            return .connect(candidate)
+        }
+
+        return .none
+    }
+
+    func recordConnectionAttempt(at now: Date) {
+        lastGlobalConnectAttempt = now
+    }
+
+    func recordConnectionSuccess(peripheralID: String) {
+        failureCounts[peripheralID] = 0
+        recentConnectTimeouts.removeValue(forKey: peripheralID)
+        recentDisconnects.removeValue(forKey: peripheralID)
+    }
+
+    func recordConnectionFailure(peripheralID: String) {
+        failureCounts[peripheralID, default: 0] += 1
+    }
+
+    func recordDisconnectError(peripheralID: String, at now: Date) {
+        recentDisconnects[peripheralID] = now
+    }
+
+    func recordConnectionTimeout(peripheralID: String, at now: Date) {
+        recentConnectTimeouts[peripheralID] = now
+        recordConnectionFailure(peripheralID: peripheralID)
+    }
+
+    func pruneConnectionTimeouts(before cutoff: Date) {
+        recentConnectTimeouts = recentConnectTimeouts.filter { $0.value >= cutoff }
+        recentDisconnects = recentDisconnects.filter { $0.value >= cutoff }
+    }
+
+    func reset() {
+        lastGlobalConnectAttempt = .distantPast
+        candidates.removeAll()
+        failureCounts.removeAll()
+        recentConnectTimeouts.removeAll()
+        recentDisconnects.removeAll()
+        lastIsolatedAt = nil
+        dynamicRSSIThreshold = initialDynamicRSSIThreshold
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    func updateRSSIThreshold(
+        connectedCount: Int,
+        connectedOrConnectingLinkCount: Int,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> Int {
+        if connectedCount == 0 {
+            if lastIsolatedAt == nil { lastIsolatedAt = now }
+            let isolatedAt = lastIsolatedAt ?? now
+            let elapsed = now.timeIntervalSince(isolatedAt)
+            dynamicRSSIThreshold = elapsed > TransportConfig.bleIsolationRelaxThresholdSeconds
+                ? TransportConfig.bleRSSIIsolatedRelaxed
+                : TransportConfig.bleRSSIIsolatedBase
+            return dynamicRSSIThreshold
+        }
+
+        lastIsolatedAt = nil
+        // Flaky links are handled per-peripheral (weak-link cooldown, discovery
+        // ignore window, score bias) — never globally, so one flaky distant peer
+        // can't blind us to every other edge-of-range peer.
+        var threshold = TransportConfig.bleDynamicRSSIThresholdDefault
+        if connectedOrConnectingLinkCount >= maxCentralLinks || candidates.count >= candidateCap {
+            threshold = TransportConfig.bleRSSIConnectedThreshold
+        }
+
+        dynamicRSSIThreshold = threshold
+        return threshold
+    }
+
+    private func rateLimitRetryDelay(now: Date) -> TimeInterval? {
+        let elapsed = now.timeIntervalSince(lastGlobalConnectAttempt)
+        guard elapsed < connectRateLimitInterval else { return nil }
+        return connectRateLimitInterval - elapsed + 0.05
+    }
+
+    private func weakLinkRetryDelay(
+        for candidate: BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> TimeInterval? {
+        guard let lastTimeout = recentConnectTimeouts[candidate.peripheralID] else { return nil }
+        let elapsed = now.timeIntervalSince(lastTimeout)
+        guard elapsed < weakLinkCooldownSeconds && candidate.rssi <= weakLinkRSSICutoff else { return nil }
+        let remaining = weakLinkCooldownSeconds - elapsed
+        return min(max(2.0, remaining), 15.0)
+    }
+
+    // The disconnect settle window must hold on the queue path too: a stale
+    // candidate enqueued while the peripheral was still connected would
+    // otherwise reconnect immediately via the post-disconnect queue drain,
+    // bypassing the window and recreating reconnect/cancel thrash.
+    private func disconnectSettleDelay(
+        for candidate: BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> TimeInterval? {
+        guard let lastDisconnect = recentDisconnects[candidate.peripheralID] else { return nil }
+        let remaining = TransportConfig.bleDisconnectDiscoveryIgnoreSeconds - now.timeIntervalSince(lastDisconnect)
+        guard remaining > 0 else { return nil }
+        return remaining + 0.05
+    }
+
+    private func score(_ candidate: BLEConnectionCandidate<Peripheral>, now: Date) -> Int {
+        let failures = failureCounts[candidate.peripheralID] ?? 0
+        let penalty = min(20, 1 << min(4, failures))
+        let timeoutBias = recentConnectTimeouts[candidate.peripheralID].map {
+            now.timeIntervalSince($0) < 60 ? 10 : 0
+        } ?? 0
+        let base = (candidate.isConnectable ? 1000 : 0) + (candidate.rssi + 100) * 2
+        let recency = -Int(now.timeIntervalSince(candidate.discoveredAt) * 10)
+        return base + recency - penalty - timeoutBias
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEDirectedRelaySpool.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEDirectedRelaySpoolEntry {
+    let recipient: PeerID
+    let packet: BitchatPacket
+}
+
+struct BLEDirectedRelaySpool {
+    private struct StoredPacket {
+        let packet: BitchatPacket
+        let enqueuedAt: Date
+    }
+
+    private var packetsByRecipient: [PeerID: [String: StoredPacket]] = [:]
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        packetsByRecipient.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    var count: Int {
+        packetsByRecipient.values.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.count }
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func enqueue(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        recipient: PeerID,
+        messageID: String,
+        enqueuedAt: Date
+    ) -> Bool {
+        var packets = packetsByRecipient[recipient] ?? [:]
+        guard packets[messageID] == nil else {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        packets[messageID] = StoredPacket(packet: packet, enqueuedAt: enqueuedAt)
+        packetsByRecipient[recipient] = packets
+        return true
+    }
+
+    mutating func drainUnexpired(now: Date, window: TimeInterval) -> [BLEDirectedRelaySpoolEntry] {
+        var entries: [BLEDirectedRelaySpoolEntry] = []
+
+        for (recipient, packets) in packetsByRecipient {
+            for stored in packets.values where now.timeIntervalSince(stored.enqueuedAt) <= window {
+                entries.append(BLEDirectedRelaySpoolEntry(recipient: recipient, packet: stored.packet))
+            }
+        }
+
+        packetsByRecipient.removeAll()
+        return entries
+    }
+
+    mutating func pruneExpired(now: Date, window: TimeInterval) {
+        guard !packetsByRecipient.isEmpty else { return }
+
+        var pruned: [PeerID: [String: StoredPacket]] = [:]
+        for (recipient, packets) in packetsByRecipient {
+            let freshPackets = packets.filter { now.timeIntervalSince($0.value.enqueuedAt) <= window }
+            if !freshPackets.isEmpty {
+                pruned[recipient] = freshPackets
+            }
+        }
+        packetsByRecipient = pruned
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        packetsByRecipient.removeAll()
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEFanoutSelector.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import CryptoKit
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEFanoutSelection: Equatable {
+    let peripheralIDs: Set<String>
+    let centralIDs: Set<String>
+}
+
+enum BLEFanoutSelector {
+    static func selectLinks(
+        peripheralIDs: [String],
+        centralIDs: [String],
+        ingressLink: BLEIngressLinkID?,
+        excludedLinks: Set<BLEIngressLinkID> = [],
+        peripheralPeerBindings: [String: PeerID] = [:],
+        centralPeerBindings: [String: PeerID] = [:],
+        directedPeerHint: PeerID?,
+        packetType: UInt8,
+        messageID: String
+    ) -> BLEFanoutSelection {
+        let allowed = collapseDuplicateLinksPerPeer(
+            allowedLinks(
+                peripheralIDs: peripheralIDs,
+                centralIDs: centralIDs,
+                ingressLink: ingressLink,
+                excludedLinks: excludedLinks
+            ),
+            peripheralPeerBindings: peripheralPeerBindings,
+            centralPeerBindings: centralPeerBindings
+        )
+
+        guard shouldSubset(packetType: packetType, directedPeerHint: directedPeerHint) else {
+            return BLEFanoutSelection(
+                peripheralIDs: Set(allowed.peripheralIDs),
+                centralIDs: Set(allowed.centralIDs)
+            )
+        }
+
+        return BLEFanoutSelection(
+            peripheralIDs: deterministicSubset(
+                ids: allowed.peripheralIDs,
+                k: subsetSize(for: allowed.peripheralIDs.count),
+                seed: messageID
+            ),
+            centralIDs: deterministicSubset(
+                ids: allowed.centralIDs,
+                k: subsetSize(for: allowed.centralIDs.count),
+                seed: messageID
+            )
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func allowedLinks(
+        peripheralIDs: [String],
+        centralIDs: [String],
+        ingressLink: BLEIngressLinkID?,
+        excludedLinks: Set<BLEIngressLinkID>
+    ) -> (peripheralIDs: [String], centralIDs: [String]) {
+        var allowedPeripheralIDs = peripheralIDs
+        var allowedCentralIDs = centralIDs
+        var blockedLinks = excludedLinks
+
+        if let ingressLink {
+            blockedLinks.insert(ingressLink)
+        }
+
+        allowedPeripheralIDs.removeAll { blockedLinks.contains(.peripheral($0)) }
+        allowedCentralIDs.removeAll { blockedLinks.contains(.central($0)) }
+
+        return (allowedPeripheralIDs, allowedCentralIDs)
+    }
+
+    // Dual-role pairs hold two live links (we-as-central writing to their
+    // peripheral, and they-as-central subscribed to ours). Sending the same
+    // packet down both doubles airtime for nothing — the receiver's assembler
+    // and deduplicator just discard the copy. Keep one link per bound peer,
+    // preferring the peripheral (write) side: it has per-link flow control
+    // via canSendWriteWithoutResponse, while notifications share the
+    // peripheral manager's update queue across all centrals. Links with no
+    // bound peer yet (pre-announce) pass through untouched.
+    private static func collapseDuplicateLinksPerPeer(
+        _ links: (peripheralIDs: [String], centralIDs: [String]),
+        peripheralPeerBindings: [String: PeerID],
+        centralPeerBindings: [String: PeerID]
+    ) -> (peripheralIDs: [String], centralIDs: [String]) {
+        guard !peripheralPeerBindings.isEmpty || !centralPeerBindings.isEmpty else {
+            return links
+        }
+
+        var seenPeers = Set<PeerID>()
+        var keptPeripheralIDs: [String] = []
+        for id in links.peripheralIDs {
+            if let peer = peripheralPeerBindings[id], !seenPeers.insert(peer).inserted {
+                continue
+            }
+            keptPeripheralIDs.append(id)
+        }
+
+        var keptCentralIDs: [String] = []
+        for id in links.centralIDs {
+            if let peer = centralPeerBindings[id], !seenPeers.insert(peer).inserted {
+                continue
+            }
+            keptCentralIDs.append(id)
+        }
+
+        return (keptPeripheralIDs, keptCentralIDs)
+    }
+
+    private static func shouldSubset(packetType: UInt8, directedPeerHint: PeerID?) -> Bool {
+        directedPeerHint == nil
+            && packetType != MessageType.fragment.rawValue
+            && packetType != MessageType.announce.rawValue
+            && packetType != MessageType.requestSync.rawValue
+    }
+
+    private static func subsetSize(for count: Int) -> Int {
+        guard count > 0 else { return 0 }
+        if count <= 2 { return count }
+
+        var value = count - 1
+        var bits = 0
+        while value > 0 {
+            value >>= 1
+            bits += 1
+        }
+        return min(count, max(1, bits + 1))
+    }
+
+    private static func deterministicSubset(ids: [String], k: Int, seed: String) -> Set<String> {
+        guard k > 0 && ids.count > k else { return Set(ids) }
+
+        var scored: [(score: [UInt8], id: String)] = []
+        for id in ids {
+            let data = (seed + "::" + id).data(using: .utf8) ?? Data()
+            let digest = Array(SHA256.hash(data: data))
+            scored.append((digest, id))
+        }
+
+        scored.sort { lhs, rhs in
+            for index in 0..<min(lhs.score.count, rhs.score.count) {
+                if lhs.score[index] != rhs.score[index] {
+                    return lhs.score[index] < rhs.score[index]
+                }
+            }
+            return lhs.id < rhs.id
+        }
+
+        return Set(scored.prefix(k).map(\.id))
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEFileTransferHandler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import BitLogger
+import Foundation
+
+/// Narrow environment for `BLEFileTransferHandler`.
+///
+/// All queue hops (collections registry reads/writes, main-actor UI
+/// notification) live inside the closures supplied by `BLEService`, keeping
+/// the handler queue-agnostic and synchronously testable.
+struct BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment {
+    /// Local peer identity at the time the transfer is handled.
+    let localPeerID: () -> PeerID
+    /// Local nickname used for sender resolution and collision checks.
+    let localNickname: () -> String
+    /// Snapshot of known peers keyed by ID (registry read).
+    let peersSnapshot: () -> [PeerID: BLEPeerInfo]
+    /// Resolves a display name from a verified packet signature for peers missing from the registry.
+    let signedSenderDisplayName: (_ packet: BitchatPacket, _ peerID: PeerID) -> String?
+    /// Tracks the broadcast file packet for gossip sync.
+    let trackPacketSeen: (BitchatPacket) -> Void
+    /// Enforces the incoming-media storage quota before saving (BCH-01-002).
+    let enforceStorageQuota: (_ reservingBytes: Int) -> Void
+    /// Persists the validated file to the incoming-media store; returns the destination URL.
+    let saveIncomingFile: (
+        _ data: Data,
+        _ preferredName: String?,
+        _ subdirectory: String,
+        _ fallbackExtension: String?,
+        _ defaultPrefix: String
+    ) -> URL?
+    /// Updates the registry last-seen timestamp for the peer (async barrier write).
+    let updatePeerLastSeen: (PeerID) -> Void
+    /// Delivers `.messageReceived` to the UI as one main-actor hop.
+    let deliverMessage: (BitchatMessage) -> Void
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates inbound file transfers: self-echo policy, sender display-name
+/// resolution, delivery planning, payload validation, quota-checked storage,
+/// and UI delivery.
+final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
+    private let environment: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment
+
+    init(environment: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment) {
+        self.environment = environment
+    }
+
+    func handle(_ packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID) {
+        let env = environment
+        if BLEFileTransferPolicy.isSelfEcho(packet: packet, from: peerID, localPeerID: env.localPeerID()) { return }
+
+        let peersSnapshot = env.peersSnapshot()
+        guard let senderNickname = BLEPeerSenderDisplayName.resolveKnownPeer(
+            peerID: peerID,
+            localPeerID: env.localPeerID(),
+            localNickname: env.localNickname(),
+            peers: peersSnapshot,
+            allowConnectedUnverified: true
+        ) ?? env.signedSenderDisplayName(packet, peerID) else {
+            SecureLogger.warning("🚫 Dropping file transfer from unverified or unknown peer \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…", category: .security)
+            return
+        }
+
+        guard let deliveryPlan = BLEFileTransferPolicy.deliveryPlan(packet: packet, localPeerID: env.localPeerID()) else {
+            return
+        }
+        if deliveryPlan.shouldTrackForSync {
+            env.trackPacketSeen(packet)
+        }
+
+        let filePacket: BitchatFilePacket
+        let mime: MimeType
+        switch BLEIncomingFileValidator.validate(payload: packet.payload) {
+        case .success(let acceptance):
+            filePacket = acceptance.filePacket
+            mime = acceptance.mime
+        case .failure(.malformedPayload):
+            SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to decode file transfer payload", category: .session)
+            return
+        case .failure(.payloadTooLarge(let bytes)):
+            SecureLogger.warning("🚫 Dropping file transfer exceeding size cap (\(bytes) bytes)", category: .security)
+            return
+        case .failure(.unsupportedMime(let mimeType, let bytes)):
+            SecureLogger.warning("🚫 MIME REJECT: '\(mimeType ?? "<empty>")' not supported. Size=\(bytes)b from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))...", category: .security)
+            return
+        case .failure(.magicMismatch(let mime, let bytes, let prefixHex)):
+            SecureLogger.warning("🚫 MAGIC REJECT: MIME='\(mime)' size=\(bytes)b prefix=[\(prefixHex)] from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))...", category: .security)
+            return
+        }
+
+        // BCH-01-002: Enforce storage quota before saving
+        env.enforceStorageQuota(filePacket.content.count)
+
+        guard let destination = env.saveIncomingFile(
+            filePacket.content,
+            filePacket.fileName,
+            "\(mime.category.mediaDir)/incoming",
+            mime.defaultExtension,
+            mime.category.rawValue
+        ) else {
+            return
+        }
+
+        if deliveryPlan.isPrivateMessage {
+            env.updatePeerLastSeen(peerID)
+        }
+
+        let ts = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: Double(packet.timestamp) / 1000)
+        let message = BitchatMessage(
+            sender: senderNickname,
+            content: "\(mime.category.messagePrefix)\(destination.lastPathComponent)",
+            timestamp: ts,
+            isRelay: false,
+            originalSender: nil,
+            isPrivate: deliveryPlan.isPrivateMessage,
+            recipientNickname: nil,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+
+        SecureLogger.debug("📁 Stored incoming media from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… -> \(destination.lastPathComponent)", category: .session)
+
+        env.deliverMessage(message)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEFileTransferPolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEFileTransferDeliveryPlan: Equatable {
+    let isPrivateMessage: Bool
+    let shouldTrackForSync: Bool
+}
+
+enum BLEFileTransferPolicy {
+    static func isSelfEcho(packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID, localPeerID: PeerID) -> Bool {
+        peerID == localPeerID && packet.ttl != 0
+    }
+
+    static func deliveryPlan(packet: BitchatPacket, localPeerID: PeerID) -> BLEFileTransferDeliveryPlan? {
+        guard let recipientID = packet.recipientID else {
+            return BLEFileTransferDeliveryPlan(isPrivateMessage: false, shouldTrackForSync: true)
+        }
+
+        let isBroadcast = recipientID.allSatisfy { $0 == 0xFF }
+        if isBroadcast {
+            return BLEFileTransferDeliveryPlan(isPrivateMessage: false, shouldTrackForSync: true)
+        }
+
+        guard PeerID(hexData: recipientID) == localPeerID else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        return BLEFileTransferDeliveryPlan(isPrivateMessage: true, shouldTrackForSync: false)
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLEIncomingFileAcceptance {
+    let filePacket: BitchatFilePacket
+    let mime: MimeType
+}
+
+enum BLEIncomingFileRejection: Error, Equatable {
+    case malformedPayload
+    case payloadTooLarge(bytes: Int)
+    case unsupportedMime(mimeType: String?, bytes: Int)
+    case magicMismatch(mime: MimeType, bytes: Int, prefixHex: String)
+}
+
+enum BLEIncomingFileValidator {
+    static func validate(payload: Data) -> Result<BLEIncomingFileAcceptance, BLEIncomingFileRejection> {
+        guard let filePacket = BitchatFilePacket.decode(payload) else {
+            return .failure(.malformedPayload)
+        }
+
+        guard FileTransferLimits.isValidPayload(filePacket.content.count) else {
+            return .failure(.payloadTooLarge(bytes: filePacket.content.count))
+        }
+
+        guard let mime = MimeType(filePacket.mimeType), mime.isAllowed else {
+            return .failure(.unsupportedMime(
+                mimeType: filePacket.mimeType,
+                bytes: filePacket.content.count
+            ))
+        }
+
+        guard mime.matches(data: filePacket.content) else {
+            return .failure(.magicMismatch(
+                mime: mime,
+                bytes: filePacket.content.count,
+                prefixHex: filePacket.content.prefix(20).map { String(format: "%02x", $0) }.joined(separator: " ")
+            ))
+        }
+
+        return .success(BLEIncomingFileAcceptance(filePacket: filePacket, mime: mime))
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEFragmentAssemblyBuffer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEFragmentKey: Hashable, Equatable {
+    let sender: UInt64
+    let id: UInt64
+}
+
+struct BLEFragmentHeader: Equatable {
+    let key: BLEFragmentKey
+    let index: Int
+    let total: Int
+    let originalType: UInt8
+    let fragmentData: Data
+    let isBroadcastFragment: Bool
+
+    var idLogString: String {
+        String(format: "%016llx", key.id)
+    }
+
+    init?(packet: BitchatPacket) {
+        // Minimum header: 8 bytes ID + 2 index + 2 total + 1 type.
+        guard packet.payload.count >= 13 else { return nil }
+
+        var senderU64: UInt64 = 0
+        for byte in packet.senderID.prefix(8) {
+            senderU64 = (senderU64 << 8) | UInt64(byte)
+        }
+
+        var fragmentU64: UInt64 = 0
+        for byte in packet.payload.prefix(8) {
+            fragmentU64 = (fragmentU64 << 8) | UInt64(byte)
+        }
+
+        let index = Int((UInt16(packet.payload[8]) << 8) | UInt16(packet.payload[9]))
+        let total = Int((UInt16(packet.payload[10]) << 8) | UInt16(packet.payload[11]))
+
+        guard total > 0 && total <= 10_000 && index >= 0 && index < total else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        let isBroadcastFragment: Bool = {
+            guard let recipient = packet.recipientID else { return true }
+            return recipient.count == 8 && recipient.allSatisfy { $0 == 0xFF }
+        }()
+
+        self.key = BLEFragmentKey(sender: senderU64, id: fragmentU64)
+        self.index = index
+        self.total = total
+        self.originalType = packet.payload[12]
+        self.fragmentData = Data(packet.payload.suffix(from: 13))
+        self.isBroadcastFragment = isBroadcastFragment
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLEFragmentAssemblyBuffer {
+    enum AppendResult: Equatable {
+        case stored(header: BLEFragmentHeader, started: Bool)
+        case complete(header: BLEFragmentHeader, reassembledData: Data, started: Bool)
+        case oversized(header: BLEFragmentHeader, projectedSize: Int, limit: Int, started: Bool)
+    }
+
+    private struct Metadata {
+        let type: UInt8
+        let total: Int
+        let timestamp: Date
+    }
+
+    private var fragmentsByKey: [BLEFragmentKey: [Int: Data]] = [:]
+    private var metadataByKey: [BLEFragmentKey: Metadata] = [:]
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        fragmentsByKey.removeAll()
+        metadataByKey.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func removeExpired(before cutoff: Date) -> Int {
+        let expiredKeys = metadataByKey
+            .filter { $0.value.timestamp < cutoff }
+            .map(\.key)
+
+        for key in expiredKeys {
+            fragmentsByKey.removeValue(forKey: key)
+            metadataByKey.removeValue(forKey: key)
+        }
+
+        return expiredKeys.count
+    }
+
+    mutating func append(
+        _ header: BLEFragmentHeader,
+        maxInFlightAssemblies: Int,
+        now: Date = Date()
+    ) -> AppendResult {
+        let started = startAssemblyIfNeeded(for: header, maxInFlightAssemblies: maxInFlightAssemblies, now: now)
+
+        let currentSize = fragmentsByKey[header.key]?.values.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.count } ?? 0
+        let limit = Self.assemblyLimit(for: header.originalType)
+        let projectedSize = currentSize + header.fragmentData.count
+
+        guard projectedSize <= limit else {
+            fragmentsByKey.removeValue(forKey: header.key)
+            metadataByKey.removeValue(forKey: header.key)
+            return .oversized(header: header, projectedSize: projectedSize, limit: limit, started: started)
+        }
+
+        fragmentsByKey[header.key]?[header.index] = header.fragmentData
+
+        guard let fragments = fragmentsByKey[header.key],
+              fragments.count == header.total else {
+            return .stored(header: header, started: started)
+        }
+
+        let reassembled = (0..<header.total).reduce(into: Data()) { data, index in
+            if let fragment = fragments[index] {
+                data.append(fragment)
+            }
+        }
+
+        fragmentsByKey.removeValue(forKey: header.key)
+        metadataByKey.removeValue(forKey: header.key)
+
+        return .complete(header: header, reassembledData: reassembled, started: started)
+    }
+
+    private mutating func startAssemblyIfNeeded(
+        for header: BLEFragmentHeader,
+        maxInFlightAssemblies: Int,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard fragmentsByKey[header.key] == nil else { return false }
+
+        if fragmentsByKey.count >= maxInFlightAssemblies,
+           let oldest = metadataByKey.min(by: { $0.value.timestamp < $1.value.timestamp })?.key {
+            fragmentsByKey.removeValue(forKey: oldest)
+            metadataByKey.removeValue(forKey: oldest)
+        }
+
+        fragmentsByKey[header.key] = [:]
+        metadataByKey[header.key] = Metadata(type: header.originalType, total: header.total, timestamp: now)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private static func assemblyLimit(for originalType: UInt8) -> Int {
+        if originalType == MessageType.fileTransfer.rawValue {
+            // Allow headroom for TLV metadata and binary framing overhead.
+            return FileTransferLimits.maxFramedFileBytes
+        }
+
+        return FileTransferLimits.maxPayloadBytes
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEFragmentHandler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import BitLogger
+import Foundation
+
+/// Narrow environment for `BLEFragmentHandler`.
+///
+/// All queue hops (the message-queue entry hop and the collections barrier
+/// around the assembly buffer) live on the `BLEService` side — the entry hop
+/// in `BLEService.handleFragment`, the barrier inside the supplied closures —
+/// keeping the handler queue-agnostic and synchronously testable.
+struct BLEFragmentHandlerEnvironment {
+    /// Local peer identity at the time the fragment is handled.
+    let localPeerID: () -> PeerID
+    /// Tracks broadcast fragments for gossip sync.
+    let trackPacketSeen: (BitchatPacket) -> Void
+    /// Appends the fragment to the assembly buffer (collections barrier write).
+    let appendFragment: (BLEFragmentHeader) -> BLEFragmentAssemblyBuffer.AppendResult
+    /// Ingress acceptance check for the reassembled inner packet.
+    let isAcceptedIngressPayload: (_ packet: BitchatPacket, _ innerSender: PeerID) -> Bool
+    /// Re-enters the receive pipeline with the reassembled packet (TTL already zeroed).
+    let processReassembledPacket: (_ packet: BitchatPacket, _ from: PeerID) -> Void
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates inbound fragments: self-fragment suppression, gossip tracking,
+/// assembly-buffer appends, and reassembled-packet validation and re-injection
+/// into the receive pipeline.
+final class BLEFragmentHandler {
+    private let environment: BLEFragmentHandlerEnvironment
+
+    init(environment: BLEFragmentHandlerEnvironment) {
+        self.environment = environment
+    }
+
+    func handle(_ packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID) {
+        let env = environment
+        // Don't process our own fragments
+        if peerID == env.localPeerID() {
+            return
+        }
+
+        guard let header = BLEFragmentHeader(packet: packet) else { return }
+
+        if header.isBroadcastFragment {
+            env.trackPacketSeen(packet)
+        }
+
+        let assemblyResult = env.appendFragment(header)
+
+        logFragmentAssemblyResult(assemblyResult)
+
+        guard case let .complete(completedHeader, reassembled, _) = assemblyResult else { return }
+
+        // Decode the original packet bytes we reassembled, so flags/compression are preserved
+        if var originalPacket = BinaryProtocol.decode(reassembled) {
+
+            // Reassembled packet validation
+            let innerSender = PeerID(hexData: originalPacket.senderID)
+            if !env.isAcceptedIngressPayload(originalPacket, innerSender) {
+                // Cleanup below
+            } else {
+                SecureLogger.debug("✅ Reassembled packet id=\(completedHeader.idLogString) type=\(originalPacket.type) bytes=\(reassembled.count)", category: .session)
+                originalPacket.ttl = 0
+                env.processReassembledPacket(originalPacket, peerID)
+            }
+        } else {
+            SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to decode reassembled packet (type=\(completedHeader.originalType), total=\(completedHeader.total))", category: .session)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func logFragmentAssemblyResult(_ result: BLEFragmentAssemblyBuffer.AppendResult) {
+        func logStartedIfNeeded(header: BLEFragmentHeader, started: Bool) {
+            if started {
+                SecureLogger.debug("📦 Started fragment assembly id=\(header.idLogString) total=\(header.total)", category: .session)
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch result {
+        case let .stored(header, started):
+            logStartedIfNeeded(header: header, started: started)
+            SecureLogger.debug("📦 Fragment \(header.index + 1)/\(header.total) (len=\(header.fragmentData.count)) for id=\(header.idLogString)", category: .session)
+
+        case let .complete(header, _, started):
+            logStartedIfNeeded(header: header, started: started)
+            SecureLogger.debug("📦 Fragment \(header.index + 1)/\(header.total) (len=\(header.fragmentData.count)) for id=\(header.idLogString)", category: .session)
+
+        case let .oversized(header, projectedSize, limit, started):
+            logStartedIfNeeded(header: header, started: started)
+            SecureLogger.warning(
+                "🚫 Fragment assembly exceeds size limit (\(projectedSize) bytes > \(limit)), evicting. Type=\(header.originalType) Index=\(header.index)/\(header.total)",
+                category: .security
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEInboundWriteBuffer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEInboundWriteChunk: Equatable {
+    let offset: Int
+    let data: Data
+}
+
+struct BLEInboundWriteAppendMetadata: Equatable {
+    let accumulatedBytes: Int
+    let appendedBytes: Int
+    let offsets: [Int]
+    let packetType: UInt8?
+}
+
+struct BLEInboundWriteBuffer {
+    enum AppendResult {
+        case decoded(packet: BitchatPacket, metadata: BLEInboundWriteAppendMetadata)
+        case waiting(metadata: BLEInboundWriteAppendMetadata)
+        case oversized(metadata: BLEInboundWriteAppendMetadata)
+    }
+
+    private var buffersByCentralID: [String: Data] = [:]
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        buffersByCentralID.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func append(
+        chunks: [BLEInboundWriteChunk],
+        for centralID: String,
+        capBytes: Int
+    ) -> AppendResult {
+        var combined = buffersByCentralID[centralID] ?? Data()
+        var appendedBytes = 0
+        var offsets: [Int] = []
+
+        for chunk in chunks where !chunk.data.isEmpty {
+            offsets.append(chunk.offset)
+            let end = chunk.offset + chunk.data.count
+
+            if combined.count < end {
+                combined.append(Data(repeating: 0, count: end - combined.count))
+            }
+
+            combined.replaceSubrange(chunk.offset..<end, with: chunk.data)
+            appendedBytes += chunk.data.count
+        }
+
+        let metadata = BLEInboundWriteAppendMetadata(
+            accumulatedBytes: combined.count,
+            appendedBytes: appendedBytes,
+            offsets: offsets,
+            packetType: combined.count >= 2 ? combined[1] : nil
+        )
+
+        if let packet = BinaryProtocol.decode(combined) {
+            buffersByCentralID.removeValue(forKey: centralID)
+            return .decoded(packet: packet, metadata: metadata)
+        }
+
+        guard combined.count <= capBytes else {
+            buffersByCentralID.removeValue(forKey: centralID)
+            return .oversized(metadata: metadata)
+        }
+
+        buffersByCentralID[centralID] = combined
+        return .waiting(metadata: metadata)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEIncomingFileStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
+    private static let quotaBytes: Int64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024
+
+    private let fileManager: FileManager
+    private let baseDirectory: URL?
+    private let dateProvider: () -> Date
+
+    init(fileManager: FileManager = .default, baseDirectory: URL? = nil, dateProvider: @escaping () -> Date = Date.init) {
+        self.fileManager = fileManager
+        self.baseDirectory = baseDirectory
+        self.dateProvider = dateProvider
+    }
+
+    func save(
+        data: Data,
+        preferredName: String?,
+        subdirectory: String,
+        fallbackExtension: String?,
+        defaultPrefix: String
+    ) -> URL? {
+        do {
+            let base = try filesDirectory().appendingPathComponent(subdirectory, isDirectory: true)
+            try fileManager.createDirectory(at: base, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
+            let sanitized = sanitizedFileName(
+                preferredName,
+                defaultName: "\(defaultPrefix)_\(Self.timestampString(from: dateProvider()))",
+                fallbackExtension: fallbackExtension
+            )
+            let destination = uniqueFileURL(in: base, fileName: sanitized)
+            try data.write(to: destination, options: .atomic)
+            return destination
+        } catch {
+            SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to persist incoming media: \(error)", category: .session)
+            return nil
+        }
+    }
+
+    func enforceQuota(reservingBytes: Int) {
+        do {
+            let base = try filesDirectory()
+            let incomingDirs = [
+                base.appendingPathComponent("voicenotes/incoming", isDirectory: true),
+                base.appendingPathComponent("images/incoming", isDirectory: true),
+                base.appendingPathComponent("files/incoming", isDirectory: true)
+            ]
+            var allFiles: [(url: URL, size: Int64, modified: Date)] = []
+
+            for dir in incomingDirs where fileManager.fileExists(atPath: dir.path) {
+                guard let contents = try? fileManager.contentsOfDirectory(
+                    at: dir,
+                    includingPropertiesForKeys: [.fileSizeKey, .contentModificationDateKey],
+                    options: [.skipsHiddenFiles]
+                ) else { continue }
+
+                for fileURL in contents {
+                    guard let attrs = try? fileURL.resourceValues(forKeys: [.fileSizeKey, .contentModificationDateKey]),
+                          let size = attrs.fileSize,
+                          let modified = attrs.contentModificationDate else { continue }
+                    allFiles.append((url: fileURL, size: Int64(size), modified: modified))
+                }
+            }
+
+            let currentUsage = allFiles.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.size }
+            let targetUsage = Self.quotaBytes - Int64(reservingBytes)
+            guard currentUsage > targetUsage else { return }
+
+            let needToFree = currentUsage - targetUsage
+            var freedSpace: Int64 = 0
+            for file in allFiles.sorted(by: { $0.modified < $1.modified }) {
+                guard freedSpace < needToFree else { break }
+                do {
+                    try fileManager.removeItem(at: file.url)
+                    freedSpace += file.size
+                    SecureLogger.debug("🗑️ BCH-01-002: Deleted old incoming file to free space: \(file.url.lastPathComponent)", category: .security)
+                } catch {
+                    SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Failed to delete old file for quota: \(error)", category: .security)
+                }
+            }
+
+            if freedSpace > 0 {
+                SecureLogger.info("📊 BCH-01-002: Freed \(ByteCountFormatter.string(fromByteCount: freedSpace, countStyle: .file)) to stay within incoming files quota", category: .security)
+            }
+        } catch {
+            SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Could not enforce storage quota: \(error)", category: .security)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func filesDirectory() throws -> URL {
+        let root = try baseDirectory ?? fileManager.url(
+            for: .applicationSupportDirectory,
+            in: .userDomainMask,
+            appropriateFor: nil,
+            create: true
+        )
+        let filesDir = root.appendingPathComponent("files", isDirectory: true)
+        try fileManager.createDirectory(at: filesDir, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
+        return filesDir
+    }
+
+    private func sanitizedFileName(_ name: String?, defaultName: String, fallbackExtension: String?) -> String {
+        var candidate = (name ?? "")
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "\0", with: "")
+            .precomposedStringWithCanonicalMapping
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "/", with: "_")
+            .replacingOccurrences(of: "\\", with: "_")
+
+        let invalid = CharacterSet(charactersIn: "<>:\"|?*\0").union(.controlCharacters)
+        candidate = candidate.components(separatedBy: invalid).joined(separator: "_").trimmed
+        if candidate.isEmpty { candidate = defaultName }
+        if candidate.hasPrefix(".") { candidate = "_" + candidate }
+
+        if candidate.count > 120 {
+            let ext = (candidate as NSString).pathExtension
+            let base = (candidate as NSString).deletingPathExtension
+            candidate = ext.isEmpty
+                ? String(candidate.prefix(120))
+                : String(base.prefix(max(10, 120 - ext.count - 1))) + "." + ext
+        }
+
+        if let fallbackExtension, (candidate as NSString).pathExtension.isEmpty {
+            candidate += ".\(fallbackExtension)"
+        }
+
+        return candidate.isEmpty ? defaultName : candidate
+    }
+
+    private func uniqueFileURL(in directory: URL, fileName: String) -> URL {
+        let directoryPath = directory.standardizedFileURL.path
+        func isInsideDirectory(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
+            url.standardizedFileURL.path.hasPrefix(directoryPath + "/")
+        }
+
+        var candidate = directory.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        guard isInsideDirectory(candidate) else {
+            SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Path traversal blocked: \(fileName)", category: .security)
+            return directory.appendingPathComponent("blocked_\(UUID().uuidString)")
+        }
+
+        if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: candidate.path) {
+            return candidate
+        }
+
+        let baseName = (fileName as NSString).deletingPathExtension
+        let ext = (fileName as NSString).pathExtension
+        for counter in 1..<100 {
+            let newName = ext.isEmpty ? "\(baseName) (\(counter))" : "\(baseName) (\(counter)).\(ext)"
+            candidate = directory.appendingPathComponent(newName)
+            guard isInsideDirectory(candidate) else {
+                return directory.appendingPathComponent("blocked_\(UUID().uuidString)")
+            }
+            if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: candidate.path) {
+                return candidate
+            }
+        }
+
+        return directory.appendingPathComponent("\(baseName)_\(UUID().uuidString).\(ext.isEmpty ? "dat" : ext)")
+    }
+
+    private static func timestampString(from date: Date) -> String {
+        let formatter = DateFormatter()
+        formatter.dateFormat = "yyyyMMdd_HHmmss"
+        return formatter.string(from: date)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEIngressLinkRegistry.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEIngressLinkID: Hashable, Equatable {
+    case peripheral(String)
+    case central(String)
+}
+
+struct BLEIngressPacketContext: Equatable {
+    let receivedFromPeerID: PeerID
+    let validationPeerID: PeerID
+}
+
+struct BLEIngressLinkRecord: Equatable {
+    let link: BLEIngressLinkID
+    let peerID: PeerID
+    let timestamp: Date
+}
+
+enum BLEIngressRejection: Error, Equatable {
+    case selfLoopback(packetType: UInt8)
+    case directSenderMismatch(boundPeerID: PeerID, claimedSenderID: PeerID)
+}
+
+struct BLEIngressLinkRegistry {
+    private var ingressByMessageID: [String: BLEIngressLinkRecord] = [:]
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        ingressByMessageID.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        ingressByMessageID.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    func record(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> BLEIngressLinkRecord? {
+        ingressByMessageID[Self.messageID(for: packet)]
+    }
+
+    func link(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> BLEIngressLinkID? {
+        record(for: packet)?.link
+    }
+
+    func peerID(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> PeerID? {
+        record(for: packet)?.peerID
+    }
+
+    mutating func recordIfNew(
+        _ packet: BitchatPacket,
+        link: BLEIngressLinkID,
+        peerID: PeerID,
+        now: Date = Date(),
+        lifetime: TimeInterval
+    ) -> Bool {
+        let messageID = Self.messageID(for: packet)
+        if let existing = ingressByMessageID[messageID],
+           now.timeIntervalSince(existing.timestamp) <= lifetime {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        ingressByMessageID[messageID] = BLEIngressLinkRecord(link: link, peerID: peerID, timestamp: now)
+        return true
+    }
+
+    mutating func prune(before cutoff: Date) {
+        ingressByMessageID = ingressByMessageID.filter { $0.value.timestamp >= cutoff }
+    }
+
+    static func packetContext(
+        for packet: BitchatPacket,
+        claimedSenderID: PeerID,
+        boundPeerID: PeerID?,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        directAnnounceTTL: UInt8
+    ) -> Result<BLEIngressPacketContext, BLEIngressRejection> {
+        if claimedSenderID == localPeerID,
+           !isSelfAuthoredSyncResponse(packet) {
+            return .failure(.selfLoopback(packetType: packet.type))
+        }
+
+        if let boundPeerID,
+           boundPeerID != claimedSenderID,
+           requiresDirectSenderBinding(packet, directAnnounceTTL: directAnnounceTTL) {
+            return .failure(.directSenderMismatch(boundPeerID: boundPeerID, claimedSenderID: claimedSenderID))
+        }
+
+        let receivedFromPeerID = boundPeerID ?? claimedSenderID
+        let validationPeerID = packet.isRSR ? receivedFromPeerID : claimedSenderID
+        return .success(BLEIngressPacketContext(
+            receivedFromPeerID: receivedFromPeerID,
+            validationPeerID: validationPeerID
+        ))
+    }
+
+    static func messageID(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> String {
+        let senderID = packet.senderID.hexEncodedString()
+        let digestPrefix = packet.payload.sha256Hash().prefix(4).hexEncodedString()
+        return "\(senderID)-\(packet.timestamp)-\(packet.type)-\(digestPrefix)"
+    }
+
+    private static func requiresDirectSenderBinding(_ packet: BitchatPacket, directAnnounceTTL: UInt8) -> Bool {
+        packet.type == MessageType.announce.rawValue && packet.ttl == directAnnounceTTL
+    }
+
+    private static func isSelfAuthoredSyncResponse(_ packet: BitchatPacket) -> Bool {
+        packet.isRSR && packet.ttl == 0
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEIngressPacketGuard.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEIngressPacketGuard {
+    enum Rejection: Error, Equatable {
+        case selfLoopback(packetType: UInt8)
+        case directSenderMismatch(boundPeerID: PeerID, claimedSenderID: PeerID)
+        case invalidRSR(peerID: PeerID)
+        case timestampSkew(peerID: PeerID, skewMs: UInt64, maxSkewMs: UInt64)
+    }
+
+    static func evaluate(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        claimedSenderID: PeerID,
+        boundPeerID: PeerID?,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        directAnnounceTTL: UInt8,
+        nowMs: UInt64 = UInt64(Date().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000),
+        maxTimestampSkewMs: UInt64 = 120_000,
+        isValidSyncResponse: (PeerID) -> Bool
+    ) -> Result<BLEIngressPacketContext, Rejection> {
+        let contextResult = BLEIngressLinkRegistry.packetContext(
+            for: packet,
+            claimedSenderID: claimedSenderID,
+            boundPeerID: boundPeerID,
+            localPeerID: localPeerID,
+            directAnnounceTTL: directAnnounceTTL
+        )
+
+        let context: BLEIngressPacketContext
+        switch contextResult {
+        case .success(let acceptedContext):
+            context = acceptedContext
+        case .failure(.selfLoopback(let packetType)):
+            return .failure(.selfLoopback(packetType: packetType))
+        case .failure(.directSenderMismatch(let boundPeerID, let claimedSenderID)):
+            return .failure(.directSenderMismatch(boundPeerID: boundPeerID, claimedSenderID: claimedSenderID))
+        }
+
+        switch validatePayload(
+            packet,
+            from: context.validationPeerID,
+            nowMs: nowMs,
+            maxTimestampSkewMs: maxTimestampSkewMs,
+            isValidSyncResponse: isValidSyncResponse
+        ) {
+        case .success:
+            return .success(context)
+        case .failure(let rejection):
+            return .failure(rejection)
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func validatePayload(
+        _ packet: BitchatPacket,
+        from peerID: PeerID,
+        nowMs: UInt64 = UInt64(Date().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000),
+        maxTimestampSkewMs: UInt64 = 120_000,
+        isValidSyncResponse: (PeerID) -> Bool
+    ) -> Result<Void, Rejection> {
+        if packet.isRSR {
+            guard isValidSyncResponse(peerID) else {
+                return .failure(.invalidRSR(peerID: peerID))
+            }
+            return .success(())
+        }
+
+        let packetTime = packet.timestamp
+        let skew = packetTime > nowMs ? packetTime - nowMs : nowMs - packetTime
+        guard skew <= maxTimestampSkewMs else {
+            return .failure(.timestampSkew(peerID: peerID, skewMs: skew, maxSkewMs: maxTimestampSkewMs))
+        }
+
+        return .success(())
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLELinkStateStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import CoreBluetooth
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEPeripheralLinkState {
+    let peripheral: CBPeripheral
+    var characteristic: CBCharacteristic?
+    var peerID: PeerID?
+    var isConnecting: Bool
+    var isConnected: Bool
+    var lastConnectionAttempt: Date?
+    var assembler: NotificationStreamAssembler
+}
+
+struct BLEDirectLinkState: Equatable {
+    let hasPeripheral: Bool
+    let hasCentral: Bool
+}
+
+struct BLESubscribedCentralSnapshot {
+    let centrals: [CBCentral]
+    let peerIDsByCentralUUID: [String: PeerID]
+
+    func central(for peerID: PeerID) -> CBCentral? {
+        centrals.first { peerIDsByCentralUUID[$0.identifier.uuidString] == peerID }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Owns all BLE link state (peripheral connections we hold as central, and
+/// central subscriptions we serve as peripheral). The store has no internal
+/// locking: every access must happen on the single owning queue (the BLE
+/// queue). Other queues must go through BLEService's `readLinkState`, which
+/// hops to that queue. Call `assumeOwnership(of:)` to have debug builds trap
+/// any access from the wrong queue.
+final class BLELinkStateStore {
+    private(set) var peripherals: [String: BLEPeripheralLinkState] = [:]
+    private(set) var peerToPeripheralUUID: [PeerID: String] = [:]
+    private(set) var subscribedCentrals: [CBCentral] = []
+    private(set) var centralToPeerID: [String: PeerID] = [:]
+
+    #if DEBUG
+    private var ownerQueue: DispatchQueue?
+    #endif
+
+    /// Pin the store to its owning queue. Debug-only enforcement; release
+    /// builds are unchanged.
+    func assumeOwnership(of queue: DispatchQueue) {
+        #if DEBUG
+        ownerQueue = queue
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    @inline(__always)
+    private func assertOwned() {
+        #if DEBUG
+        if let queue = ownerQueue {
+            dispatchPrecondition(condition: .onQueue(queue))
+        }
+        #endif
+    }
+
+    var peripheralStates: [BLEPeripheralLinkState] {
+        assertOwned()
+        return Array(peripherals.values)
+    }
+
+    var subscribedCentralSnapshot: BLESubscribedCentralSnapshot {
+        assertOwned()
+        return BLESubscribedCentralSnapshot(
+            centrals: subscribedCentrals,
+            peerIDsByCentralUUID: centralToPeerID
+        )
+    }
+
+    var subscribedCentralCount: Int {
+        assertOwned()
+        return subscribedCentrals.count
+    }
+
+    var connectedOrConnectingPeripheralCount: Int {
+        assertOwned()
+        return peripherals.values.filter { $0.isConnected || $0.isConnecting }.count
+    }
+
+    func state(forPeripheralID peripheralID: String) -> BLEPeripheralLinkState? {
+        assertOwned()
+        return peripherals[peripheralID]
+    }
+
+    func setPeripheralState(_ state: BLEPeripheralLinkState, for peripheralID: String) {
+        assertOwned()
+        peripherals[peripheralID] = state
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    func updatePeripheral(
+        _ peripheralID: String,
+        _ update: (inout BLEPeripheralLinkState) -> Void
+    ) -> BLEPeripheralLinkState? {
+        assertOwned()
+        guard var state = peripherals[peripheralID] else { return nil }
+        update(&state)
+        peripherals[peripheralID] = state
+        return state
+    }
+
+    func beginConnecting(to peripheral: CBPeripheral, at date: Date) {
+        setPeripheralState(
+            BLEPeripheralLinkState(
+                peripheral: peripheral,
+                characteristic: nil,
+                peerID: nil,
+                isConnecting: true,
+                isConnected: false,
+                lastConnectionAttempt: date,
+                assembler: NotificationStreamAssembler()
+            ),
+            for: peripheral.identifier.uuidString
+        )
+    }
+
+    func markConnected(_ peripheral: CBPeripheral) {
+        let peripheralID = peripheral.identifier.uuidString
+        if updatePeripheral(peripheralID, {
+            $0.isConnecting = false
+            $0.isConnected = true
+        }) == nil {
+            setPeripheralState(
+                BLEPeripheralLinkState(
+                    peripheral: peripheral,
+                    characteristic: nil,
+                    peerID: nil,
+                    isConnecting: false,
+                    isConnected: true,
+                    lastConnectionAttempt: nil,
+                    assembler: NotificationStreamAssembler()
+                ),
+                for: peripheralID
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    func updateCharacteristic(_ characteristic: CBCharacteristic, forPeripheralID peripheralID: String) {
+        updatePeripheral(peripheralID) {
+            $0.characteristic = characteristic
+        }
+    }
+
+    func directPeripheralState(for peerID: PeerID) -> BLEPeripheralLinkState? {
+        assertOwned()
+        return peerToPeripheralUUID[peerID].flatMap { peripherals[$0] }
+    }
+
+    func directLinkState(for peerID: PeerID) -> BLEDirectLinkState {
+        assertOwned()
+        let peripheralUUID = peerToPeripheralUUID[peerID]
+        let hasPeripheral = peripheralUUID.flatMap { peripherals[$0]?.isConnected } ?? false
+        let hasCentral = centralToPeerID.values.contains(peerID)
+        return BLEDirectLinkState(hasPeripheral: hasPeripheral, hasCentral: hasCentral)
+    }
+
+    func links(to peerID: PeerID?) -> Set<BLEIngressLinkID> {
+        assertOwned()
+        guard let peerID else { return [] }
+
+        var links: Set<BLEIngressLinkID> = []
+        if let peripheralUUID = peerToPeripheralUUID[peerID] {
+            links.insert(.peripheral(peripheralUUID))
+        }
+        for (centralUUID, mappedPeerID) in centralToPeerID where mappedPeerID == peerID {
+            links.insert(.central(centralUUID))
+        }
+        return links
+    }
+
+    func peerID(forPeripheralID peripheralID: String) -> PeerID? {
+        assertOwned()
+        return peripherals[peripheralID]?.peerID
+    }
+
+    func peerID(forCentralUUID centralUUID: String) -> PeerID? {
+        assertOwned()
+        return centralToPeerID[centralUUID]
+    }
+
+    func addSubscribedCentral(_ central: CBCentral) {
+        assertOwned()
+        guard !subscribedCentrals.contains(central) else { return }
+        subscribedCentrals.append(central)
+    }
+
+    func removeSubscribedCentral(_ central: CBCentral) -> PeerID? {
+        assertOwned()
+        let centralUUID = central.identifier.uuidString
+        subscribedCentrals.removeAll { $0.identifier == central.identifier }
+        return centralToPeerID.removeValue(forKey: centralUUID)
+    }
+
+    func bindCentral(_ centralUUID: String, to peerID: PeerID) {
+        assertOwned()
+        centralToPeerID[centralUUID] = peerID
+    }
+
+    func bindPeripheral(_ peripheralUUID: String, to peerID: PeerID) {
+        assertOwned()
+        if updatePeripheral(peripheralUUID, { $0.peerID = peerID }) != nil {
+            peerToPeripheralUUID[peerID] = peripheralUUID
+        }
+    }
+
+    func removePeripheral(_ peripheralID: String) -> PeerID? {
+        assertOwned()
+        let peerID = peripherals.removeValue(forKey: peripheralID)?.peerID
+        if let peerID {
+            peerToPeripheralUUID.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+        }
+        return peerID
+    }
+
+    func clearPeripherals() -> [PeerID] {
+        assertOwned()
+        let peerIDs = peripherals.compactMap { $0.value.peerID }
+        peripherals.removeAll()
+        peerToPeripheralUUID.removeAll()
+        return peerIDs
+    }
+
+    func clearCentrals() -> [PeerID] {
+        assertOwned()
+        let peerIDs = Array(centralToPeerID.values)
+        subscribedCentrals.removeAll()
+        centralToPeerID.removeAll()
+        return peerIDs
+    }
+
+    func clearAll() {
+        assertOwned()
+        peripherals.removeAll()
+        peerToPeripheralUUID.removeAll()
+        subscribedCentrals.removeAll()
+        centralToPeerID.removeAll()
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLELogRateLimiter.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import Foundation
+
+final class BLELogRateLimiter {
+    private let defaultMinimumInterval: TimeInterval
+    private let queue = DispatchQueue(label: "chat.bitchat.ble.log-rate-limiter")
+    private var lastLogTimeByKey: [String: Date] = [:]
+
+    init(defaultMinimumInterval: TimeInterval) {
+        self.defaultMinimumInterval = defaultMinimumInterval
+    }
+
+    func shouldLog(
+        key: String,
+        now: Date = Date(),
+        minimumInterval: TimeInterval? = nil
+    ) -> Bool {
+        queue.sync {
+            let interval = minimumInterval ?? defaultMinimumInterval
+            if let lastLogTime = lastLogTimeByKey[key],
+               now.timeIntervalSince(lastLogTime) < interval {
+                return false
+            }
+            lastLogTimeByKey[key] = now
+            return true
+        }
+    }
+
+    func removeAll() {
+        queue.sync {
+            lastLogTimeByKey.removeAll()
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEMaintenancePolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEMaintenancePlan: Equatable {
+    let shouldSendAnnounce: Bool
+    let shouldEnsureAdvertising: Bool
+    let shouldRunCleanup: Bool
+    let shouldFlushDirectedSpool: Bool
+    let shouldResetCounter: Bool
+}
+
+enum BLEMaintenancePolicy {
+    static func plan(
+        cycle: Int,
+        connectedCount: Int,
+        peerRegistryIsEmpty: Bool,
+        elapsedSinceLastAnnounce: TimeInterval,
+        hasRecentTraffic: Bool,
+        connectedAnnounceJitterOffset: TimeInterval? = nil,
+        highDegreeThreshold: Int = TransportConfig.bleHighDegreeThreshold
+    ) -> BLEMaintenancePlan {
+        BLEMaintenancePlan(
+            shouldSendAnnounce: shouldSendAnnounce(
+                connectedCount: connectedCount,
+                elapsedSinceLastAnnounce: elapsedSinceLastAnnounce,
+                hasRecentTraffic: hasRecentTraffic,
+                connectedAnnounceJitterOffset: connectedAnnounceJitterOffset,
+                highDegreeThreshold: highDegreeThreshold
+            ),
+            shouldEnsureAdvertising: peerRegistryIsEmpty,
+            shouldRunCleanup: cycle.isMultiple(of: 3),
+            shouldFlushDirectedSpool: !cycle.isMultiple(of: 2),
+            shouldResetCounter: cycle >= 6
+        )
+    }
+
+    static func shouldSendAnnounce(
+        connectedCount: Int,
+        elapsedSinceLastAnnounce: TimeInterval,
+        hasRecentTraffic: Bool,
+        connectedAnnounceJitterOffset: TimeInterval? = nil,
+        highDegreeThreshold: Int = TransportConfig.bleHighDegreeThreshold
+    ) -> Bool {
+        if hasRecentTraffic && elapsedSinceLastAnnounce >= 10.0 {
+            return true
+        }
+
+        guard connectedCount > 0 else {
+            return elapsedSinceLastAnnounce >= TransportConfig.bleAnnounceIntervalSeconds
+        }
+
+        let highDegree = connectedCount >= highDegreeThreshold
+        let base = highDegree ?
+            TransportConfig.bleConnectedAnnounceBaseSecondsDense :
+            TransportConfig.bleConnectedAnnounceBaseSecondsSparse
+        let jitter = highDegree ?
+            TransportConfig.bleConnectedAnnounceJitterDense :
+            TransportConfig.bleConnectedAnnounceJitterSparse
+        let jitterOffset = connectedAnnounceJitterOffset ?? Double.random(in: -jitter...jitter)
+
+        return elapsedSinceLastAnnounce >= base + jitterOffset
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLENoisePacketHandler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import BitLogger
+import Foundation
+
+/// Narrow environment for `BLENoisePacketHandler`.
+///
+/// All queue hops (collections barrier writes, main-actor UI notification)
+/// and every `noiseService.*` crypto call live inside the closures supplied by
+/// `BLEService`, keeping the handler queue-agnostic and synchronously testable.
+struct BLENoisePacketHandlerEnvironment {
+    /// Local peer identity at the time the packet is handled.
+    let localPeerID: () -> PeerID
+    /// Local peer ID bytes used as the sender of handshake responses.
+    let localPeerIDData: () -> Data
+    /// TTL value used for direct (non-relayed) packets.
+    let messageTTL: UInt8
+    /// Current time source.
+    let now: () -> Date
+    /// Processes an inbound handshake message, returning an optional response payload (crypto).
+    let processHandshakeMessage: (_ peerID: PeerID, _ message: Data) throws -> Data?
+    /// Whether any Noise session (established or pending) exists for the peer (crypto).
+    let hasNoiseSession: (PeerID) -> Bool
+    /// Initiates a fresh Noise handshake with the peer (crypto + send).
+    let initiateHandshake: (PeerID) -> Void
+    /// Broadcasts a packet on the mesh (caller is already on the message queue).
+    let broadcastPacket: (BitchatPacket) -> Void
+    /// Updates the registry last-seen timestamp for the peer (async barrier write).
+    let updatePeerLastSeen: (PeerID) -> Void
+    /// Decrypts an encrypted payload from the peer (crypto).
+    let decrypt: (_ payload: Data, _ peerID: PeerID) throws -> Data
+    /// Clears the peer's Noise session after an unrecoverable decrypt failure (crypto).
+    let clearSession: (PeerID) -> Void
+    /// Delivers `.noisePayloadReceived` to the UI as one main-actor hop.
+    let deliverNoisePayload: (
+        _ peerID: PeerID,
+        _ type: NoisePayloadType,
+        _ payload: Data,
+        _ timestamp: Date
+    ) -> Void
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates the Noise session domain for inbound packets: handshake
+/// processing (with response), encrypted payload decryption and dispatch,
+/// and session recovery on decrypt failure.
+final class BLENoisePacketHandler {
+    private let environment: BLENoisePacketHandlerEnvironment
+
+    init(environment: BLENoisePacketHandlerEnvironment) {
+        self.environment = environment
+    }
+
+    func handleHandshake(_ packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID) {
+        let env = environment
+        // Use NoiseEncryptionService for handshake processing
+        if PeerID(hexData: packet.recipientID) == env.localPeerID() {
+            // Handshake is for us
+            do {
+                if let response = try env.processHandshakeMessage(peerID, packet.payload) {
+                    // Send response
+                    let responsePacket = BitchatPacket(
+                        type: MessageType.noiseHandshake.rawValue,
+                        senderID: env.localPeerIDData(),
+                        recipientID: Data(hexString: peerID.id),
+                        timestamp: UInt64(env.now().timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000),
+                        payload: response,
+                        signature: nil,
+                        ttl: env.messageTTL
+                    )
+                    // We're on messageQueue from delegate callback
+                    env.broadcastPacket(responsePacket)
+                }
+
+                // Session establishment will trigger onPeerAuthenticated callback
+                // which will send any pending messages at the right time
+            } catch {
+                SecureLogger.error("Failed to process handshake: \(error)")
+                // Try initiating a new handshake
+                if !env.hasNoiseSession(peerID) {
+                    env.initiateHandshake(peerID)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    func handleEncrypted(_ packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID) {
+        let env = environment
+        guard let recipientID = PeerID(hexData: packet.recipientID) else {
+            SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Encrypted message has no recipient ID", category: .session)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if recipientID != env.localPeerID() {
+            SecureLogger.debug("🔐 Encrypted message not for me (for \(recipientID.id.prefix(8))…, I am \(env.localPeerID().id.prefix(8))…)", category: .session)
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Update lastSeen for the peer we received from (important for private messages)
+        env.updatePeerLastSeen(peerID)
+
+        do {
+            let decrypted = try env.decrypt(packet.payload, peerID)
+            guard decrypted.count > 0 else { return }
+
+            // First byte indicates the payload type
+            let payloadType = decrypted[0]
+            let payloadData = decrypted.dropFirst()
+
+            guard let noisePayloadType = NoisePayloadType(rawValue: payloadType) else {
+                SecureLogger.warning("⚠️ Unknown noise payload type: \(payloadType)")
+                return
+            }
+
+            SecureLogger.debug("🔐 Decrypted noise payload type \(noisePayloadType.description) from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+
+            let ts = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: Double(packet.timestamp) / 1000)
+            env.deliverNoisePayload(peerID, noisePayloadType, Data(payloadData), ts)
+        } catch NoiseEncryptionError.sessionNotEstablished {
+            // We received an encrypted message before establishing a session with this peer.
+            // Trigger a handshake so future messages can be decrypted.
+            SecureLogger.debug("🔑 Encrypted message from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… without session; initiating handshake")
+            if !env.hasNoiseSession(peerID) {
+                env.initiateHandshake(peerID)
+            }
+        } catch {
+            // Decryption failed - clear the corrupted session and re-initiate handshake
+            // This handles cases where session state got out of sync (nonce mismatch, etc.)
+            SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to decrypt message from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…: \(error) - clearing session and re-initiating handshake")
+            env.clearSession(peerID)
+            env.initiateHandshake(peerID)
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLENoisePayloadFactory.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLENoisePayloadFactory {
+    static func privateMessage(content: String, messageID: String) -> Data? {
+        guard let payload = PrivateMessagePacket(messageID: messageID, content: content).encode() else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        return typedPayload(.privateMessage, payload: payload)
+    }
+
+    static func readReceipt(originalMessageID: String) -> Data {
+        typedPayload(.readReceipt, payload: Data(originalMessageID.utf8))
+    }
+
+    static func delivered(messageID: String) -> Data {
+        typedPayload(.delivered, payload: Data(messageID.utf8))
+    }
+
+    static func typedPayload(_ type: NoisePayloadType, payload: Data) -> Data {
+        var typed = Data([type.rawValue])
+        typed.append(payload)
+        return typed
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLENoiseSessionQueues.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEPendingPrivateMessage: Equatable {
+    let content: String
+    let messageID: String
+}
+
+struct BLENoiseSessionQueues {
+    private var privateMessagesByPeerID: [PeerID: [BLEPendingPrivateMessage]] = [:]
+    private var typedPayloadsByPeerID: [PeerID: [Data]] = [:]
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        privateMessagesByPeerID.isEmpty && typedPayloadsByPeerID.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        privateMessagesByPeerID.removeAll()
+        typedPayloadsByPeerID.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func appendPrivateMessage(content: String, messageID: String, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        privateMessagesByPeerID[peerID, default: []].append(BLEPendingPrivateMessage(content: content, messageID: messageID))
+    }
+
+    mutating func takePrivateMessages(for peerID: PeerID) -> [BLEPendingPrivateMessage] {
+        let messages = privateMessagesByPeerID[peerID] ?? []
+        privateMessagesByPeerID.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+        return messages
+    }
+
+    mutating func prependPrivateMessages(_ messages: [BLEPendingPrivateMessage], for peerID: PeerID) {
+        guard !messages.isEmpty else { return }
+        privateMessagesByPeerID[peerID, default: []].insert(contentsOf: messages, at: 0)
+    }
+
+    mutating func appendTypedPayload(_ payload: Data, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        typedPayloadsByPeerID[peerID, default: []].append(payload)
+    }
+
+    mutating func takeTypedPayloads(for peerID: PeerID) -> [Data] {
+        let payloads = typedPayloadsByPeerID[peerID] ?? []
+        typedPayloadsByPeerID.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+        return payloads
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEOutboundFragmentPlanner.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEOutboundFragmentPlan {
+    let fragmentPackets: [BitchatPacket]
+    let fragmentVersion: UInt8
+    let chunkSize: Int
+    let spacingMs: Int
+
+    var totalFragments: Int {
+        fragmentPackets.count
+    }
+
+    var shouldPauseScanning: Bool {
+        totalFragments > 4
+    }
+}
+
+enum BLEOutboundFragmentPlanner {
+    private static let minimumChunkSize = 64
+    private static let fragmentIDLength = 8
+
+    static func makePlan(
+        for request: BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest,
+        defaultChunkSize: Int,
+        bleMaxMTU: Int,
+        fragmentID: Data = randomFragmentID()
+    ) -> BLEOutboundFragmentPlan? {
+        guard fragmentID.count == fragmentIDLength,
+              let fullData = request.packet.toBinaryData(padding: request.pad) else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        let sizing = sizingPolicy(
+            for: request.packet,
+            requestedMaxChunk: request.maxChunk,
+            defaultChunkSize: defaultChunkSize,
+            bleMaxMTU: bleMaxMTU
+        )
+
+        let chunks = stride(from: 0, to: fullData.count, by: sizing.chunkSize).map { offset in
+            Data(fullData[offset..<min(offset + sizing.chunkSize, fullData.count)])
+        }
+
+        guard !chunks.isEmpty else { return nil }
+
+        let fragmentRecipient: Data? = {
+            if let directedPeer = request.directedPeer {
+                return Data(hexString: directedPeer.id)
+            }
+            return request.packet.recipientID
+        }()
+
+        let fragmentPackets = chunks.enumerated().map { index, chunk in
+            makeFragmentPacket(
+                original: request.packet,
+                fragmentID: fragmentID,
+                index: index,
+                total: chunks.count,
+                fragmentData: chunk,
+                fragmentRecipient: fragmentRecipient,
+                fragmentVersion: sizing.fragmentVersion
+            )
+        }
+
+        return BLEOutboundFragmentPlan(
+            fragmentPackets: fragmentPackets,
+            fragmentVersion: sizing.fragmentVersion,
+            chunkSize: sizing.chunkSize,
+            spacingMs: spacingMs(for: request)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func sizingPolicy(
+        for packet: BitchatPacket,
+        requestedMaxChunk: Int?,
+        defaultChunkSize: Int,
+        bleMaxMTU: Int
+    ) -> (fragmentVersion: UInt8, chunkSize: Int) {
+        var fragmentVersion: UInt8 = 1
+        var calculatedChunk = defaultChunkSize
+
+        if let route = packet.route, !route.isEmpty {
+            fragmentVersion = 2
+            let routeSize = 1 + (route.count * 8)
+            let overhead = 16 + 8 + 8 + routeSize + 13 + 16
+            calculatedChunk = max(minimumChunkSize, bleMaxMTU - overhead)
+        }
+
+        return (
+            fragmentVersion: fragmentVersion,
+            chunkSize: max(minimumChunkSize, requestedMaxChunk ?? calculatedChunk)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func makeFragmentPacket(
+        original packet: BitchatPacket,
+        fragmentID: Data,
+        index: Int,
+        total: Int,
+        fragmentData: Data,
+        fragmentRecipient: Data?,
+        fragmentVersion: UInt8
+    ) -> BitchatPacket {
+        var payload = Data()
+        payload.append(fragmentID)
+        payload.append(contentsOf: withUnsafeBytes(of: UInt16(index).bigEndian) { Data($0) })
+        payload.append(contentsOf: withUnsafeBytes(of: UInt16(total).bigEndian) { Data($0) })
+        payload.append(packet.type)
+        payload.append(fragmentData)
+
+        return BitchatPacket(
+            type: MessageType.fragment.rawValue,
+            senderID: packet.senderID,
+            recipientID: fragmentRecipient,
+            timestamp: packet.timestamp,
+            payload: payload,
+            signature: nil,
+            ttl: packet.ttl,
+            version: fragmentVersion,
+            route: packet.route,
+            isRSR: packet.isRSR
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func spacingMs(for request: BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest) -> Int {
+        if request.directedPeer != nil || request.packet.recipientID != nil {
+            return TransportConfig.bleFragmentSpacingDirectedMs
+        }
+
+        return TransportConfig.bleFragmentSpacingMs
+    }
+
+    private static func randomFragmentID() -> Data {
+        Data((0..<fragmentIDLength).map { _ in UInt8.random(in: 0...255) })
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEOutboundFragmentTransferScheduler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest {
+    let packet: BitchatPacket
+    let pad: Bool
+    let maxChunk: Int?
+    let directedPeer: PeerID?
+    let transferId: String?
+
+    var resolvedTransferId: String? {
+        guard packet.type == MessageType.fileTransfer.rawValue else { return nil }
+        return transferId ?? packet.payload.sha256Hex()
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLEOutboundFragmentTransferScheduler {
+    enum QueuePosition {
+        case front
+        case back
+    }
+
+    enum SubmitResult {
+        case start(request: BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest, reservedTransferId: String?)
+        case queued(request: BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest, transferId: String?, position: QueuePosition)
+    }
+
+    enum CancelResult {
+        case active(transferId: String, workItems: [DispatchWorkItem])
+        case pending(transferId: String)
+        case missing
+    }
+
+    enum SentResult: Equatable {
+        case progress(sentFragments: Int, totalFragments: Int)
+        case complete(sentFragments: Int, totalFragments: Int)
+        case missing
+    }
+
+    private struct ActiveTransferState {
+        let totalFragments: Int
+        var sentFragments: Int
+        var workItems: [DispatchWorkItem]
+    }
+
+    private var activeTransfers: [String: ActiveTransferState] = [:]
+    private var pendingTransfers: [BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest] = []
+
+    var activeCount: Int {
+        activeTransfers.count
+    }
+
+    var pendingCount: Int {
+        pendingTransfers.count
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() -> [(id: String, workItems: [DispatchWorkItem])] {
+        let active = activeTransfers.map { ($0.key, $0.value.workItems) }
+        activeTransfers.removeAll()
+        pendingTransfers.removeAll()
+        return active
+    }
+
+    mutating func submit(
+        _ request: BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest,
+        maxConcurrentTransfers: Int
+    ) -> SubmitResult {
+        guard let transferId = request.resolvedTransferId else {
+            return .start(request: request, reservedTransferId: nil)
+        }
+
+        guard activeTransfers.count < maxConcurrentTransfers else {
+            pendingTransfers.append(request)
+            return .queued(request: request, transferId: transferId, position: .back)
+        }
+
+        guard activeTransfers[transferId] == nil else {
+            pendingTransfers.insert(request, at: 0)
+            return .queued(request: request, transferId: transferId, position: .front)
+        }
+
+        activeTransfers[transferId] = ActiveTransferState(totalFragments: 0, sentFragments: 0, workItems: [])
+        return .start(request: request, reservedTransferId: transferId)
+    }
+
+    mutating func activateReservedTransfer(
+        id transferId: String,
+        totalFragments: Int,
+        workItems: [DispatchWorkItem]
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard activeTransfers[transferId] != nil else { return false }
+        activeTransfers[transferId] = ActiveTransferState(
+            totalFragments: totalFragments,
+            sentFragments: 0,
+            workItems: workItems
+        )
+        return true
+    }
+
+    mutating func updateWorkItems(_ workItems: [DispatchWorkItem], for transferId: String) -> Bool {
+        guard var state = activeTransfers[transferId] else { return false }
+        state.workItems = workItems
+        activeTransfers[transferId] = state
+        return true
+    }
+
+    mutating func releaseReservation(_ transferId: String) -> [DispatchWorkItem]? {
+        activeTransfers.removeValue(forKey: transferId)?.workItems
+    }
+
+    func isActive(_ transferId: String) -> Bool {
+        activeTransfers[transferId] != nil
+    }
+
+    mutating func cancelTransfer(_ transferId: String) -> CancelResult {
+        if let active = activeTransfers.removeValue(forKey: transferId) {
+            return .active(transferId: transferId, workItems: active.workItems)
+        }
+
+        if let pendingIndex = pendingTransfers.firstIndex(where: { $0.resolvedTransferId == transferId || $0.transferId == transferId }) {
+            pendingTransfers.remove(at: pendingIndex)
+            return .pending(transferId: transferId)
+        }
+
+        return .missing
+    }
+
+    mutating func markFragmentSent(transferId: String) -> SentResult {
+        guard var state = activeTransfers[transferId] else { return .missing }
+
+        state.sentFragments = min(state.sentFragments + 1, state.totalFragments)
+        let isComplete = state.sentFragments >= state.totalFragments
+
+        if isComplete {
+            activeTransfers.removeValue(forKey: transferId)
+            return .complete(sentFragments: state.sentFragments, totalFragments: state.totalFragments)
+        }
+
+        activeTransfers[transferId] = state
+        return .progress(sentFragments: state.sentFragments, totalFragments: state.totalFragments)
+    }
+
+    mutating func reservePendingStarts(maxConcurrentTransfers: Int) -> [SubmitResult] {
+        var availableSlots = max(0, maxConcurrentTransfers - activeTransfers.count)
+        guard availableSlots > 0, !pendingTransfers.isEmpty else { return [] }
+
+        var results: [SubmitResult] = []
+        var blockedFront: [BLEOutboundFragmentTransferRequest] = []
+
+        while availableSlots > 0, !pendingTransfers.isEmpty {
+            let request = pendingTransfers.removeFirst()
+            availableSlots -= 1
+
+            guard let transferId = request.resolvedTransferId else {
+                results.append(.start(request: request, reservedTransferId: nil))
+                continue
+            }
+
+            guard activeTransfers.count < maxConcurrentTransfers else {
+                pendingTransfers.insert(request, at: 0)
+                results.append(.queued(request: request, transferId: transferId, position: .front))
+                break
+            }
+
+            guard activeTransfers[transferId] == nil else {
+                blockedFront.append(request)
+                results.append(.queued(request: request, transferId: transferId, position: .front))
+                continue
+            }
+
+            activeTransfers[transferId] = ActiveTransferState(totalFragments: 0, sentFragments: 0, workItems: [])
+            results.append(.start(request: request, reservedTransferId: transferId))
+        }
+
+        if !blockedFront.isEmpty {
+            pendingTransfers.insert(contentsOf: blockedFront, at: 0)
+        }
+
+        return results
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEOutboundLinkPlanner.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEOutboundLinkPlan: Equatable {
+    let directedPeerHint: PeerID?
+    let fragmentChunkSize: Int?
+    let selectedLinks: BLEFanoutSelection
+    let shouldSpoolDirectedPacket: Bool
+}
+
+enum BLEOutboundLinkPlanner {
+    static func plan(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        dataCount: Int,
+        peripheralIDs: [String],
+        peripheralWriteLimits: [Int],
+        centralIDs: [String],
+        centralNotifyLimits: [Int],
+        ingressRecord: BLEIngressLinkRecord?,
+        excludedLinks: Set<BLEIngressLinkID>,
+        peripheralPeerBindings: [String: PeerID] = [:],
+        centralPeerBindings: [String: PeerID] = [:],
+        directedOnlyPeer: PeerID?
+    ) -> BLEOutboundLinkPlan {
+        if let minLimit = minimumLinkLimit(
+            peripheralWriteLimits: peripheralWriteLimits,
+            centralNotifyLimits: centralNotifyLimits
+        ), packet.type != MessageType.fragment.rawValue,
+           dataCount > minLimit {
+            return BLEOutboundLinkPlan(
+                directedPeerHint: directedPeerHint(for: packet, explicitPeer: directedOnlyPeer),
+                fragmentChunkSize: BLEOutboundPacketPolicy.fragmentChunkSize(forLinkLimit: minLimit),
+                selectedLinks: BLEFanoutSelection(peripheralIDs: [], centralIDs: []),
+                shouldSpoolDirectedPacket: false
+            )
+        }
+
+        let directedPeerHint = directedPeerHint(for: packet, explicitPeer: directedOnlyPeer)
+        let selectedLinks = BLEFanoutSelector.selectLinks(
+            peripheralIDs: peripheralIDs,
+            centralIDs: centralIDs,
+            ingressLink: ingressRecord?.link,
+            excludedLinks: excludedLinks,
+            peripheralPeerBindings: peripheralPeerBindings,
+            centralPeerBindings: centralPeerBindings,
+            directedPeerHint: directedPeerHint,
+            packetType: packet.type,
+            messageID: BLEOutboundPacketPolicy.messageID(for: packet)
+        )
+
+        return BLEOutboundLinkPlan(
+            directedPeerHint: directedPeerHint,
+            fragmentChunkSize: nil,
+            selectedLinks: selectedLinks,
+            shouldSpoolDirectedPacket: shouldSpoolDirectedPacket(
+                directedPeerHint: directedPeerHint,
+                selectedLinks: selectedLinks,
+                packetType: packet.type
+            )
+        )
+    }
+
+    static func directedPeerHint(for packet: BitchatPacket, explicitPeer: PeerID?) -> PeerID? {
+        if let explicitPeer { return explicitPeer }
+        if let recipient = PeerID(str: packet.recipientID?.hexEncodedString()), !recipient.isEmpty {
+            return recipient
+        }
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    static func minimumLinkLimit(peripheralWriteLimits: [Int], centralNotifyLimits: [Int]) -> Int? {
+        [peripheralWriteLimits.min(), centralNotifyLimits.min()]
+            .compactMap { $0 }
+            .min()
+    }
+
+    static func shouldSpoolDirectedPacket(
+        directedPeerHint: PeerID?,
+        selectedLinks: BLEFanoutSelection,
+        packetType: UInt8
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard directedPeerHint != nil,
+              selectedLinks.peripheralIDs.isEmpty,
+              selectedLinks.centralIDs.isEmpty else {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        return packetType == MessageType.noiseEncrypted.rawValue ||
+            packetType == MessageType.noiseHandshake.rawValue
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEOutboundNotificationBuffer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEPendingNotification<Target> {
+    let data: Data
+    let targets: [Target]?
+}
+
+struct BLEOutboundNotificationBuffer<Target> {
+    enum EnqueueResult {
+        case enqueued(count: Int)
+        case full(count: Int)
+    }
+
+    private var notifications: [BLEPendingNotification<Target>] = []
+
+    var count: Int {
+        notifications.count
+    }
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        notifications.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        notifications.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func enqueue(data: Data, targets: [Target]?, capCount: Int) -> EnqueueResult {
+        guard notifications.count < capCount else {
+            return .full(count: notifications.count)
+        }
+
+        notifications.append(BLEPendingNotification(data: data, targets: targets))
+        return .enqueued(count: notifications.count)
+    }
+
+    mutating func takeAll() -> [BLEPendingNotification<Target>] {
+        let pending = notifications
+        notifications.removeAll()
+        return pending
+    }
+
+    mutating func prepend(_ pending: [BLEPendingNotification<Target>]) {
+        guard !pending.isEmpty else { return }
+        notifications.insert(contentsOf: pending, at: 0)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEOutboundPacketPolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEOutboundPacketPolicy {
+    private static let fragmentFrameOverhead = 13 + 8 + 8 + 13
+
+    static func messageID(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> String {
+        BLEIngressLinkRegistry.messageID(for: packet)
+    }
+
+    static func padsBLEFrame(for packetType: UInt8) -> Bool {
+        switch MessageType(rawValue: packetType) {
+        case .noiseEncrypted, .noiseHandshake:
+            return true
+        case .none, .announce, .message, .leave, .requestSync, .fragment, .fileTransfer:
+            return false
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func priority(for packet: BitchatPacket, data: Data) -> BLEOutboundWritePriority {
+        guard let messageType = MessageType(rawValue: packet.type) else { return .low }
+        switch messageType {
+        case .fragment:
+            return .fragment(totalFragments: fragmentTotalCount(from: packet.payload))
+        case .fileTransfer:
+            return .fileTransfer
+        default:
+            return .high
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func fragmentChunkSize(forLinkLimit limit: Int) -> Int {
+        max(64, limit - fragmentFrameOverhead)
+    }
+
+    private static func fragmentTotalCount(from payload: Data) -> Int {
+        guard payload.count >= 12 else { return Int(UInt16.max) }
+        let totalHigh = Int(payload[10])
+        let totalLow = Int(payload[11])
+        let total = (totalHigh << 8) | totalLow
+        return max(total, 1)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEOutboundWriteBuffer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEOutboundWritePriority: Comparable {
+    let level: Int
+    let suborder: Int
+
+    static let high = BLEOutboundWritePriority(level: 0, suborder: 0)
+
+    static func fragment(totalFragments: Int) -> BLEOutboundWritePriority {
+        BLEOutboundWritePriority(level: 1, suborder: max(1, min(totalFragments, Int(UInt16.max))))
+    }
+
+    static let fileTransfer = BLEOutboundWritePriority(level: 2, suborder: Int.max - 1)
+    static let low = BLEOutboundWritePriority(level: 2, suborder: Int.max)
+
+    static func < (lhs: BLEOutboundWritePriority, rhs: BLEOutboundWritePriority) -> Bool {
+        if lhs.level != rhs.level { return lhs.level < rhs.level }
+        return lhs.suborder < rhs.suborder
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLEPendingWrite {
+    let priority: BLEOutboundWritePriority
+    let data: Data
+}
+
+struct BLEOutboundWriteBuffer {
+    enum EnqueueResult {
+        case enqueued(trimmedBytes: Int, remainingBytes: Int)
+        case oversized(bytes: Int)
+    }
+
+    private var writesByPeripheralID: [String: [BLEPendingWrite]] = [:]
+
+    var peripheralIDs: [String] {
+        Array(writesByPeripheralID.keys)
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        writesByPeripheralID.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func enqueue(
+        data: Data,
+        for peripheralID: String,
+        priority: BLEOutboundWritePriority,
+        capBytes: Int
+    ) -> EnqueueResult {
+        guard data.count <= capBytes else {
+            return .oversized(bytes: data.count)
+        }
+
+        var queue = writesByPeripheralID[peripheralID] ?? []
+        let item = BLEPendingWrite(priority: priority, data: data)
+        let insertIndex = queue.firstIndex { item.priority < $0.priority } ?? queue.count
+        queue.insert(item, at: insertIndex)
+
+        var total = queue.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.data.count }
+        var trimmedBytes = 0
+
+        while total > capBytes && !queue.isEmpty {
+            let removed = queue.removeLast()
+            trimmedBytes += removed.data.count
+            total -= removed.data.count
+        }
+
+        writesByPeripheralID[peripheralID] = queue.isEmpty ? nil : queue
+        return .enqueued(trimmedBytes: trimmedBytes, remainingBytes: total)
+    }
+
+    mutating func takeAll(for peripheralID: String) -> [BLEPendingWrite] {
+        let items = writesByPeripheralID[peripheralID] ?? []
+        writesByPeripheralID[peripheralID] = nil
+        return items
+    }
+
+    mutating func prepend(_ items: [BLEPendingWrite], for peripheralID: String) {
+        guard !items.isEmpty else { return }
+        var existing = writesByPeripheralID[peripheralID] ?? []
+        existing.insert(contentsOf: items, at: 0)
+        writesByPeripheralID[peripheralID] = existing
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy {
+    static let defaultMaxAgeSeconds: TimeInterval = 900
+
+    static func isBroadcastRecipient(_ recipientID: Data?) -> Bool {
+        guard let recipientID else { return true }
+        return recipientID.count == 8 && recipientID.allSatisfy { $0 == 0xFF }
+    }
+
+    static func isStale(
+        timestampMilliseconds: UInt64,
+        now: Date,
+        maxAgeSeconds: TimeInterval = defaultMaxAgeSeconds
+    ) -> Bool {
+        let nowMilliseconds = UInt64(now.timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000)
+        let maxAgeMilliseconds = UInt64(maxAgeSeconds * 1000)
+        guard nowMilliseconds >= maxAgeMilliseconds else { return false }
+        return timestampMilliseconds < nowMilliseconds - maxAgeMilliseconds
+    }
+
+    static func ageSeconds(timestampMilliseconds: UInt64, now: Date) -> Double {
+        let nowMilliseconds = UInt64(now.timeIntervalSince1970 * 1000)
+        guard nowMilliseconds >= timestampMilliseconds else { return 0 }
+        return Double(nowMilliseconds - timestampMilliseconds) / 1000.0
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPeerEventDebouncer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEPeerEventDebouncer {
+    private var lastEmitByPeer: [PeerID: Date] = [:]
+
+    var count: Int {
+        lastEmitByPeer.count
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func shouldEmit(peerID: PeerID, now: Date, minimumInterval: TimeInterval) -> Bool {
+        if let lastEmit = lastEmitByPeer[peerID],
+           now.timeIntervalSince(lastEmit) < minimumInterval {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        lastEmitByPeer[peerID] = now
+        return true
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        lastEmitByPeer.removeAll()
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPeerPublishCoalescer.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEPeerPublishDecision: Equatable {
+    case publishNow
+    case schedule(delay: TimeInterval)
+    case skip
+}
+
+struct BLEPeerPublishCoalescer {
+    private var lastPublishAt: Date
+    private var publishPending: Bool
+    private let minimumInterval: TimeInterval
+
+    init(
+        lastPublishAt: Date = .distantPast,
+        publishPending: Bool = false,
+        minimumInterval: TimeInterval = 0.1
+    ) {
+        self.lastPublishAt = lastPublishAt
+        self.publishPending = publishPending
+        self.minimumInterval = minimumInterval
+    }
+
+    mutating func requestPublish(now: Date) -> BLEPeerPublishDecision {
+        let elapsed = now.timeIntervalSince(lastPublishAt)
+        if elapsed >= minimumInterval {
+            lastPublishAt = now
+            return .publishNow
+        }
+
+        guard !publishPending else {
+            return .skip
+        }
+
+        publishPending = true
+        return .schedule(delay: minimumInterval - elapsed)
+    }
+
+    mutating func scheduledPublishFired(now: Date) {
+        lastPublishAt = now
+        publishPending = false
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPeerRegistry.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEPeerInfo: Equatable {
+    let peerID: PeerID
+    var nickname: String
+    var isConnected: Bool
+    var noisePublicKey: Data?
+    var signingPublicKey: Data?
+    var isVerifiedNickname: Bool
+    var lastSeen: Date
+}
+
+struct BLEPeerAnnounceUpdate: Equatable {
+    let isNewPeer: Bool
+    let wasDisconnected: Bool
+    let previousNickname: String?
+}
+
+struct BLEPeerLinkPresence: Equatable {
+    var hasPeripheral: Bool
+    var hasCentral: Bool
+}
+
+struct BLERemovedPeer: Equatable {
+    let peerID: PeerID
+    let nickname: String
+}
+
+struct BLEPeerConnectivityChanges: Equatable {
+    var disconnectedPeerIDs: [PeerID] = []
+    var removedPeers: [BLERemovedPeer] = []
+}
+
+struct BLEPeerRegistry {
+    private var peers: [PeerID: BLEPeerInfo] = [:]
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        peers.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    var count: Int {
+        peers.count
+    }
+
+    var peerIDs: [PeerID] {
+        Array(peers.keys)
+    }
+
+    var connectedCount: Int {
+        peers.values.filter(\.isConnected).count
+    }
+
+    var connectedPeerIDs: [PeerID] {
+        peers.values.compactMap { $0.isConnected ? $0.peerID : nil }
+    }
+
+    var connectedRoutingData: [Data] {
+        peers.values.filter(\.isConnected).compactMap { $0.peerID.routingData }
+    }
+
+    var snapshotByID: [PeerID: BLEPeerInfo] {
+        peers
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        peers.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    func info(for peerID: PeerID) -> BLEPeerInfo? {
+        peers[peerID]
+    }
+
+    mutating func upsert(_ info: BLEPeerInfo) {
+        peers[info.peerID] = info
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func remove(_ peerID: PeerID) -> BLEPeerInfo? {
+        peers.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+    }
+
+    func isConnected(_ peerID: PeerID) -> Bool {
+        peers[peerID.toShort()]?.isConnected ?? false
+    }
+
+    func isReachable(_ peerID: PeerID, now: Date) -> Bool {
+        let shortID = peerID.toShort()
+        let meshAttached = connectedCount > 0
+        guard let info = peers[shortID] else { return false }
+        if info.isConnected { return true }
+        guard meshAttached else { return false }
+
+        let retention: TimeInterval = info.isVerifiedNickname
+            ? TransportConfig.bleReachabilityRetentionVerifiedSeconds
+            : TransportConfig.bleReachabilityRetentionUnverifiedSeconds
+        return now.timeIntervalSince(info.lastSeen) <= retention
+    }
+
+    func nickname(for peerID: PeerID, connectedOnly: Bool) -> String? {
+        guard let peer = peers[peerID] else { return nil }
+        if connectedOnly && !peer.isConnected { return nil }
+        return peer.nickname
+    }
+
+    func fingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) -> String? {
+        peers[peerID]?.noisePublicKey?.sha256Fingerprint()
+    }
+
+    func displayNicknames(selfNickname: String) -> [PeerID: String] {
+        let connected = peers.filter { $0.value.isConnected }
+        let tuples = connected.map { ($0.key, $0.value.nickname, true) }
+        return PeerDisplayNameResolver.resolve(tuples, selfNickname: selfNickname)
+    }
+
+    func transportSnapshots(selfNickname: String) -> [TransportPeerSnapshot] {
+        let snapshot = Array(peers.values)
+        let resolvedNames = PeerDisplayNameResolver.resolve(
+            snapshot.map { ($0.peerID, $0.nickname, $0.isConnected) },
+            selfNickname: selfNickname
+        )
+        return snapshot.map { info in
+            TransportPeerSnapshot(
+                peerID: info.peerID,
+                nickname: resolvedNames[info.peerID] ?? info.nickname,
+                isConnected: info.isConnected,
+                noisePublicKey: info.noisePublicKey,
+                lastSeen: info.lastSeen
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
+    func collisionResolvedNickname(for peerID: PeerID, selfNickname: String) -> String? {
+        guard let info = peers[peerID], info.isVerifiedNickname else { return nil }
+        let hasCollision = peers.values.contains {
+            $0.isConnected && $0.nickname == info.nickname && $0.peerID != peerID
+        } || selfNickname == info.nickname
+        return hasCollision ? info.nickname + "#" + String(peerID.id.prefix(4)) : info.nickname
+    }
+
+    mutating func markDisconnected(_ peerID: PeerID) {
+        guard var info = peers[peerID] else { return }
+        info.isConnected = false
+        peers[peerID] = info
+    }
+
+    mutating func updateLastSeen(_ peerID: PeerID, at date: Date) {
+        guard var peer = peers[peerID] else { return }
+        peer.lastSeen = date
+        peers[peerID] = peer
+    }
+
+    mutating func upsertVerifiedAnnounce(
+        peerID: PeerID,
+        nickname: String,
+        noisePublicKey: Data,
+        signingPublicKey: Data?,
+        isConnected: Bool,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> BLEPeerAnnounceUpdate {
+        let existing = peers[peerID]
+        let update = BLEPeerAnnounceUpdate(
+            isNewPeer: existing == nil,
+            wasDisconnected: existing?.isConnected == false,
+            previousNickname: existing?.nickname
+        )
+
+        peers[peerID] = BLEPeerInfo(
+            peerID: existing?.peerID ?? peerID,
+            nickname: nickname,
+            isConnected: isConnected,
+            noisePublicKey: noisePublicKey,
+            signingPublicKey: signingPublicKey,
+            isVerifiedNickname: true,
+            lastSeen: now
+        )
+
+        return update
+    }
+
+    mutating func reconcileConnectivity(
+        now: Date,
+        linkStates: [PeerID: BLEPeerLinkPresence]
+    ) -> BLEPeerConnectivityChanges {
+        var changes = BLEPeerConnectivityChanges()
+
+        for (peerID, peer) in Array(peers) {
+            let age = now.timeIntervalSince(peer.lastSeen)
+            let retention: TimeInterval = peer.isVerifiedNickname
+                ? TransportConfig.bleReachabilityRetentionVerifiedSeconds
+                : TransportConfig.bleReachabilityRetentionUnverifiedSeconds
+
+            if peer.isConnected && age > TransportConfig.blePeerInactivityTimeoutSeconds {
+                let state = linkStates[peerID] ?? BLEPeerLinkPresence(hasPeripheral: false, hasCentral: false)
+                if !state.hasPeripheral && !state.hasCentral {
+                    var updated = peer
+                    updated.isConnected = false
+                    peers[peerID] = updated
+                    changes.disconnectedPeerIDs.append(peerID)
+                }
+            }
+
+            if !peer.isConnected && age > retention {
+                peers.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
+                changes.removedPeers.append(BLERemovedPeer(peerID: peerID, nickname: peer.nickname))
+            }
+        }
+
+        return changes
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPeerSenderDisplayName.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEPeerSenderDisplayName {
+    static func resolveKnownPeer(
+        peerID: PeerID,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        localNickname: String,
+        peers: [PeerID: BLEPeerInfo],
+        allowConnectedUnverified: Bool
+    ) -> String? {
+        if peerID == localPeerID {
+            return localNickname
+        }
+
+        guard let info = peers[peerID] else { return nil }
+
+        if info.isVerifiedNickname {
+            return collisionResolvedName(
+                displayName: info.nickname,
+                collisionNickname: info.nickname,
+                peerID: peerID,
+                localNickname: localNickname,
+                peers: peers
+            )
+        }
+
+        if allowConnectedUnverified, info.isConnected {
+            let displayName = info.nickname.isEmpty ? anonymousNickname(for: peerID) : info.nickname
+            return collisionResolvedName(
+                displayName: displayName,
+                collisionNickname: info.nickname,
+                peerID: peerID,
+                localNickname: localNickname,
+                peers: peers
+            )
+        }
+
+        return nil
+    }
+
+    static func anonymousNickname(for peerID: PeerID) -> String {
+        "anon" + String(peerID.id.prefix(4))
+    }
+
+    private static func collisionResolvedName(
+        displayName: String,
+        collisionNickname: String,
+        peerID: PeerID,
+        localNickname: String,
+        peers: [PeerID: BLEPeerInfo]
+    ) -> String {
+        let hasCollision = peers.values.contains {
+            $0.isConnected && $0.nickname == collisionNickname && $0.peerID != peerID
+        } || localNickname == collisionNickname
+
+        guard hasCollision else { return displayName }
+        return displayName + "#" + String(peerID.id.prefix(4))
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPublicMessageHandler.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import BitLogger
+import Foundation
+
+/// Narrow environment for `BLEPublicMessageHandler`.
+///
+/// All queue hops (collections registry reads, BLE-queue link-state reads,
+/// main-actor UI notification) live inside the closures supplied by
+/// `BLEService`, keeping the handler queue-agnostic and synchronously testable.
+struct BLEPublicMessageHandlerEnvironment {
+    /// Local peer identity at the time the message is handled.
+    let localPeerID: () -> PeerID
+    /// Local nickname used for sender resolution and collision checks.
+    let localNickname: () -> String
+    /// Current time source.
+    let now: () -> Date
+    /// Snapshot of known peers keyed by ID (registry read).
+    let peersSnapshot: () -> [PeerID: BLEPeerInfo]
+    /// Resolves a display name from a verified packet signature for peers missing from the registry.
+    let signedSenderDisplayName: (_ packet: BitchatPacket, _ peerID: PeerID) -> String?
+    /// Tracks the broadcast message packet for gossip sync.
+    let trackPacketSeen: (BitchatPacket) -> Void
+    /// Direct link state for the peer (BLE-queue read).
+    let linkState: (PeerID) -> (hasPeripheral: Bool, hasCentral: Bool)
+    /// Resolves and consumes the original message ID for our own re-broadcast.
+    let takeSelfBroadcastMessageID: (BitchatPacket) -> String?
+    /// Delivers `.publicMessageReceived` to the UI as one main-actor hop.
+    let deliverPublicMessage: (
+        _ peerID: PeerID,
+        _ nickname: String,
+        _ content: String,
+        _ timestamp: Date,
+        _ messageID: String?
+    ) -> Void
+}
+
+/// Orchestrates inbound public (broadcast) messages: freshness/self-echo
+/// policy, sender display-name resolution, gossip tracking, payload decoding,
+/// and UI delivery.
+final class BLEPublicMessageHandler {
+    private let environment: BLEPublicMessageHandlerEnvironment
+
+    init(environment: BLEPublicMessageHandlerEnvironment) {
+        self.environment = environment
+    }
+
+    func handle(_ packet: BitchatPacket, from peerID: PeerID) {
+        let env = environment
+        let now = env.now()
+        let messageDecision = BLEPublicMessagePolicy.evaluate(
+            packet: packet,
+            from: peerID,
+            localPeerID: env.localPeerID(),
+            now: now
+        )
+
+        let messagePolicy: BLEPublicMessageAcceptance
+        switch messageDecision {
+        case .accept(let acceptance):
+            messagePolicy = acceptance
+        case .reject(.selfEcho):
+            return
+        case .reject(.staleBroadcast(let ageSeconds)):
+            SecureLogger.debug("⏰ Ignoring stale broadcast message from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… (age: \(ageSeconds)s)", category: .session)
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Snapshot peers to avoid concurrent mutation while iterating during nickname collision checks.
+        let peersSnapshot = env.peersSnapshot()
+
+        guard let senderNickname = BLEPeerSenderDisplayName.resolveKnownPeer(
+            peerID: peerID,
+            localPeerID: env.localPeerID(),
+            localNickname: env.localNickname(),
+            peers: peersSnapshot,
+            allowConnectedUnverified: false
+        ) ?? env.signedSenderDisplayName(packet, peerID) else {
+            SecureLogger.warning("🚫 Dropping public message from unverified or unknown peer \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…", category: .security)
+            return
+        }
+
+        if messagePolicy.shouldTrackForSync {
+            env.trackPacketSeen(packet)
+        }
+
+        guard let content = String(data: packet.payload, encoding: .utf8) else {
+            SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to decode message payload as UTF-8", category: .session)
+            return
+        }
+        // Determine if we have a direct link to the sender
+        let directLink = env.linkState(peerID)
+        let hasDirectLink = directLink.hasPeripheral || directLink.hasCentral
+
+        let pathTag = hasDirectLink ? "direct" : "mesh"
+        SecureLogger.debug("💬 [\(senderNickname)] TTL:\(packet.ttl) (\(pathTag)) chars=\(content.count) bytes=\(packet.payload.count)", category: .session)
+
+        let ts = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: Double(packet.timestamp) / 1000)
+        var resolvedSelfMessageID: String? = nil
+        if peerID == env.localPeerID() {
+            resolvedSelfMessageID = env.takeSelfBroadcastMessageID(packet)
+        }
+        env.deliverPublicMessage(peerID, senderNickname, content, ts, resolvedSelfMessageID)
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEPublicMessagePolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEPublicMessageAcceptance: Equatable {
+    let shouldTrackForSync: Bool
+}
+
+enum BLEPublicMessageRejection: Equatable {
+    case selfEcho
+    case staleBroadcast(ageSeconds: Double)
+}
+
+enum BLEPublicMessageDecision: Equatable {
+    case accept(BLEPublicMessageAcceptance)
+    case reject(BLEPublicMessageRejection)
+}
+
+enum BLEPublicMessagePolicy {
+    static func evaluate(
+        packet: BitchatPacket,
+        from peerID: PeerID,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        now: Date
+    ) -> BLEPublicMessageDecision {
+        if peerID == localPeerID && packet.ttl != 0 {
+            return .reject(.selfEcho)
+        }
+
+        let isBroadcast = BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy.isBroadcastRecipient(packet.recipientID)
+        if isBroadcast,
+           BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy.isStale(timestampMilliseconds: packet.timestamp, now: now) {
+            return .reject(.staleBroadcast(ageSeconds: BLEPacketFreshnessPolicy.ageSeconds(
+                timestampMilliseconds: packet.timestamp,
+                now: now
+            )))
+        }
+
+        return .accept(BLEPublicMessageAcceptance(
+            shouldTrackForSync: isBroadcast && packet.type == MessageType.message.rawValue
+        ))
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEReceivePipeline.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEReceivedPacketContext: Equatable {
+    let senderID: PeerID
+    let messageID: String
+    let messageType: MessageType?
+    let shouldDeduplicate: Bool
+    let logsHandlingDetails: Bool
+}
+
+struct BLEReceivePipeline {
+    static func context(for packet: BitchatPacket, localPeerID: PeerID) -> BLEReceivedPacketContext {
+        let senderID = PeerID(hexData: packet.senderID)
+        let messageID = "\(senderID)-\(packet.timestamp)-\(packet.type)"
+        let messageType = MessageType(rawValue: packet.type)
+        let allowSelfSyncReplay = packet.ttl == 0 && senderID == localPeerID
+        let shouldDeduplicate = messageType != .fragment && !allowSelfSyncReplay
+
+        return BLEReceivedPacketContext(
+            senderID: senderID,
+            messageID: messageID,
+            messageType: messageType,
+            shouldDeduplicate: shouldDeduplicate,
+            logsHandlingDetails: messageType != .announce
+        )
+    }
+
+    static func shouldCancelScheduledRelayForDuplicate(connectedPeerCount: Int) -> Bool {
+        connectedPeerCount > 2
+    }
+
+    static func relayDecision(
+        for packet: BitchatPacket,
+        senderID: PeerID,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        degree: Int,
+        highDegreeThreshold: Int
+    ) -> RelayDecision {
+        RelayController.decide(
+            ttl: packet.ttl,
+            senderIsSelf: senderID == localPeerID,
+            recipientIsSelf: PeerID(hexData: packet.recipientID) == localPeerID,
+            isEncrypted: packet.type == MessageType.noiseEncrypted.rawValue,
+            isDirectedEncrypted: packet.type == MessageType.noiseEncrypted.rawValue && packet.recipientID != nil,
+            isFragment: packet.type == MessageType.fragment.rawValue,
+            isDirectedFragment: packet.type == MessageType.fragment.rawValue && packet.recipientID != nil,
+            isHandshake: packet.type == MessageType.noiseHandshake.rawValue,
+            isAnnounce: packet.type == MessageType.announce.rawValue,
+            degree: degree,
+            highDegreeThreshold: highDegreeThreshold
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLERecentTrafficTracker: Equatable {
+    private var packetTimestamps: [Date] = []
+
+    var count: Int {
+        packetTimestamps.count
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        packetTimestamps.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func recordPacket(at now: Date) {
+        packetTimestamps.append(now)
+        prune(at: now)
+    }
+
+    func hasTraffic(within seconds: TimeInterval, now: Date) -> Bool {
+        let cutoff = now.addingTimeInterval(-seconds)
+        return packetTimestamps.contains { $0 >= cutoff }
+    }
+
+    private mutating func prune(at now: Date) {
+        let cutoff = now.addingTimeInterval(-TransportConfig.bleRecentPacketWindowSeconds)
+        if packetTimestamps.count > TransportConfig.bleRecentPacketWindowMaxCount {
+            packetTimestamps.removeFirst(packetTimestamps.count - TransportConfig.bleRecentPacketWindowMaxCount)
+        }
+        packetTimestamps.removeAll { $0 < cutoff }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLERouteForwardingPolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLERouteForwardingPlan {
+    let shouldSuppressFloodRelay: Bool
+    let forwardPacket: BitchatPacket?
+    let nextHop: PeerID?
+
+    static let allowFloodRelay = BLERouteForwardingPlan(
+        shouldSuppressFloodRelay: false,
+        forwardPacket: nil,
+        nextHop: nil
+    )
+
+    static let suppressFloodRelay = BLERouteForwardingPlan(
+        shouldSuppressFloodRelay: true,
+        forwardPacket: nil,
+        nextHop: nil
+    )
+
+    static func forward(_ packet: BitchatPacket, to nextHop: PeerID) -> BLERouteForwardingPlan {
+        BLERouteForwardingPlan(
+            shouldSuppressFloodRelay: true,
+            forwardPacket: packet,
+            nextHop: nextHop
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+struct BLERouteForwardingPolicy {
+    static func plan(
+        for packet: BitchatPacket,
+        localPeerID: PeerID,
+        localRoutingData: Data?,
+        routingPeer: (Data) -> PeerID?,
+        isPeerConnected: (PeerID) -> Bool
+    ) -> BLERouteForwardingPlan {
+        if PeerID(hexData: packet.recipientID) == localPeerID {
+            return .suppressFloodRelay
+        }
+
+        guard let route = packet.route, !route.isEmpty else {
+            return .allowFloodRelay
+        }
+
+        guard packet.ttl > 1 else {
+            return .suppressFloodRelay
+        }
+
+        guard let localRoutingData else {
+            return .allowFloodRelay
+        }
+
+        guard let localIndex = route.firstIndex(of: localRoutingData) else {
+            return forward(packet, toRouteData: route[0], routingPeer: routingPeer, isPeerConnected: isPeerConnected)
+        }
+
+        if localIndex == route.count - 1 {
+            guard let destinationPeer = PeerID(hexData: packet.recipientID),
+                  isPeerConnected(destinationPeer) else {
+                return .allowFloodRelay
+            }
+            return .forward(relayed(packet), to: destinationPeer)
+        }
+
+        return forward(
+            packet,
+            toRouteData: route[localIndex + 1],
+            routingPeer: routingPeer,
+            isPeerConnected: isPeerConnected
+        )
+    }
+
+    private static func forward(
+        _ packet: BitchatPacket,
+        toRouteData routeData: Data,
+        routingPeer: (Data) -> PeerID?,
+        isPeerConnected: (PeerID) -> Bool
+    ) -> BLERouteForwardingPlan {
+        guard let nextPeer = routingPeer(routeData),
+              isPeerConnected(nextPeer) else {
+            return .allowFloodRelay
+        }
+
+        return .forward(relayed(packet), to: nextPeer)
+    }
+
+    private static func relayed(_ packet: BitchatPacket) -> BitchatPacket {
+        var relayPacket = packet
+        relayPacket.ttl = packet.ttl - 1
+        return relayPacket
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEScanDutyPolicy.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLEScanDutyPlan: Equatable {
+    case continuous
+    case dutyCycle(onDuration: TimeInterval, offDuration: TimeInterval)
+}
+
+enum BLEScanDutyPolicy {
+    static func plan(
+        dutyEnabled: Bool,
+        appIsActive: Bool,
+        connectedCount: Int,
+        hasRecentTraffic: Bool,
+        highDegreeThreshold: Int = TransportConfig.bleHighDegreeThreshold
+    ) -> BLEScanDutyPlan {
+        let forceContinuousScan = connectedCount <= 2 || hasRecentTraffic
+        let shouldDutyCycle = dutyEnabled && appIsActive && connectedCount > 0 && !forceContinuousScan
+
+        guard shouldDutyCycle else {
+            return .continuous
+        }
+
+        if connectedCount >= highDegreeThreshold {
+            return .dutyCycle(
+                onDuration: TransportConfig.bleDutyOnDurationDense,
+                offDuration: TransportConfig.bleDutyOffDurationDense
+            )
+        }
+
+        return .dutyCycle(
+            onDuration: TransportConfig.bleDutyOnDuration,
+            offDuration: TransportConfig.bleDutyOffDuration
+        )
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEScheduledRelayStore.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLEScheduledRelayStore {
+    private var relays: [String: DispatchWorkItem] = [:]
+
+    var count: Int {
+        relays.count
+    }
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        relays.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    mutating func schedule(_ workItem: DispatchWorkItem, messageID: String) {
+        relays[messageID] = workItem
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func remove(messageID: String) -> DispatchWorkItem? {
+        relays.removeValue(forKey: messageID)
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    mutating func cancel(messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        guard let workItem = relays.removeValue(forKey: messageID) else {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        workItem.cancel()
+        return true
+    }
+
+    mutating func cancelAll() {
+        relays.values.forEach { $0.cancel() }
+        relays.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAllIfOverCapacity(_ maxCount: Int) {
+        if relays.count > maxCount {
+            relays.removeAll()
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLESelfBroadcastTracker.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import BitFoundation
+import Foundation
+
+struct BLESelfBroadcastTracker {
+    private struct Entry {
+        let messageID: String
+        let sentAt: Date
+    }
+
+    private var entriesByDedupID: [String: Entry] = [:]
+
+    var isEmpty: Bool {
+        entriesByDedupID.isEmpty
+    }
+
+    var count: Int {
+        entriesByDedupID.count
+    }
+
+    mutating func record(messageID: String, packet: BitchatPacket, sentAt: Date) {
+        entriesByDedupID[Self.dedupID(for: packet)] = Entry(messageID: messageID, sentAt: sentAt)
+    }
+
+    mutating func takeMessageID(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> String? {
+        entriesByDedupID.removeValue(forKey: Self.dedupID(for: packet))?.messageID
+    }
+
+    mutating func prune(before cutoff: Date) {
+        guard !entriesByDedupID.isEmpty else { return }
+        entriesByDedupID = entriesByDedupID.filter { cutoff <= $0.value.sentAt }
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        entriesByDedupID.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    static func dedupID(for packet: BitchatPacket) -> String {
+        "\(packet.senderID.hexEncodedString())-\(packet.timestamp)-\(packet.type)"
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLESubscriptionAnnounceLimiter.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import Foundation
+
+enum BLESubscriptionAnnounceDecision: Equatable {
+    case allowed
+    case rateLimited(backoffSeconds: TimeInterval, attemptCount: Int, suppressAnnounce: Bool)
+}
+
+struct BLESubscriptionAnnounceLimiter {
+    private struct State {
+        var lastAnnounceTime: Date
+        var attemptCount: Int
+        var currentBackoffSeconds: TimeInterval
+    }
+
+    private var states: [String: State] = [:]
+
+    var trackedCentralCount: Int {
+        states.count
+    }
+
+    mutating func removeAll() {
+        states.removeAll()
+    }
+
+    mutating func decision(for centralID: String, now: Date) -> BLESubscriptionAnnounceDecision {
+        pruneStaleEntries(now: now)
+
+        guard let existing = states[centralID] else {
+            recordAllowedAttempt(for: centralID, now: now)
+            return .allowed
+        }
+
+        let timeSinceLastAnnounce = now.timeIntervalSince(existing.lastAnnounceTime)
+        guard timeSinceLastAnnounce < existing.currentBackoffSeconds else {
+            recordAllowedAttempt(for: centralID, now: now)
+            return .allowed
+        }
+
+        let newAttemptCount = existing.attemptCount + 1
+        let newBackoff = min(
+            existing.currentBackoffSeconds * TransportConfig.bleSubscriptionRateLimitBackoffFactor,
+            TransportConfig.bleSubscriptionRateLimitMaxBackoffSeconds
+        )
+        states[centralID] = State(
+            lastAnnounceTime: now,
+            attemptCount: newAttemptCount,
+            currentBackoffSeconds: newBackoff
+        )
+
+        return .rateLimited(
+            backoffSeconds: existing.currentBackoffSeconds,
+            attemptCount: existing.attemptCount,
+            suppressAnnounce: newAttemptCount >= TransportConfig.bleSubscriptionRateLimitMaxAttempts
+        )
+    }
+
+    private mutating func recordAllowedAttempt(for centralID: String, now: Date) {
+        states[centralID] = State(
+            lastAnnounceTime: now,
+            attemptCount: 1,
+            currentBackoffSeconds: TransportConfig.bleSubscriptionRateLimitMinSeconds
+        )
+    }
+
+    private mutating func pruneStaleEntries(now: Date) {
+        let windowSeconds = TransportConfig.bleSubscriptionRateLimitWindowSeconds
+        states = states.filter { _, state in
+            now.timeIntervalSince(state.lastAnnounceTime) < windowSeconds
+        }
+    }
+}

bitchat/Services/CommandProcessor.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 import Foundation
+import BitFoundation
 
 /// Result of command processing
 enum CommandResult {
@@ -27,9 +28,9 @@ struct CommandGeoParticipant {
 protocol CommandContextProvider: AnyObject {
     // MARK: - State Properties
     var nickname: String { get }
+    var activeChannel: ChannelID { get }
     var selectedPrivateChatPeer: PeerID? { get }
     var blockedUsers: Set<String> { get }
-    var privateChats: [PeerID: [BitchatMessage]] { get set }
     var idBridge: NostrIdentityBridge { get }
 
     // MARK: - Peer Lookup
@@ -41,6 +42,8 @@ protocol CommandContextProvider: AnyObject {
     func startPrivateChat(with peerID: PeerID)
     func sendPrivateMessage(_ content: String, to peerID: PeerID)
     func clearCurrentPublicTimeline()
+    /// Empties the peer's chat (single-writer store intent for `/clear`).
+    func clearPrivateChat(_ peerID: PeerID)
     func sendPublicRaw(_ content: String)
 
     // MARK: - System Messages
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ final class CommandProcessor {
         
         // Geohash context: disable favoriting in public geohash or GeoDM
         let inGeoPublic: Bool = {
-            switch LocationChannelManager.shared.selectedChannel {
+            switch contextProvider?.activeChannel ?? .mesh {
             case .mesh: return false
             case .location: return true
             }
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ final class CommandProcessor {
     
     private func handleWho() -> CommandResult {
         // Show geohash participants when in a geohash channel; otherwise mesh peers
-        switch LocationChannelManager.shared.selectedChannel {
+        switch contextProvider?.activeChannel ?? .mesh {
         case .location(let ch):
             // Geohash context: show visible geohash participants (exclude self)
             guard let vm = contextProvider else { return .success(message: "nobody around") }
@@ -158,7 +161,7 @@ final class CommandProcessor {
     
     private func handleClear() -> CommandResult {
         if let peerID = contextProvider?.selectedPrivateChatPeer {
-            contextProvider?.privateChats[peerID]?.removeAll()
+            contextProvider?.clearPrivateChat(peerID)
         } else {
             contextProvider?.clearCurrentPublicTimeline()
         }

bitchat/Services/FavoritesPersistenceService.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import Combine
 
@@ -33,7 +34,23 @@ final class FavoritesPersistenceService: ObservableObject {
     
     static let shared = FavoritesPersistenceService()
 
-    init(keychain: KeychainManagerProtocol = KeychainManager()) {
+    /// Default keychain for the `shared` singleton. Under test this is an
+    /// in-memory keychain so touching `shared` never blocks on securityd
+    /// (`SecItemCopyMatching` can hang in test environments) and never reads
+    /// or writes the developer's real keychain. Production behavior is
+    /// unchanged. Tests that need their own instance keep injecting a mock
+    /// via `init(keychain:)`.
+    private nonisolated static func makeDefaultKeychain() -> KeychainManagerProtocol {
+        // PreviewKeychainManager lives in _PreviewHelpers, a development
+        // asset excluded from archive builds — release code must not
+        // reference it. Tests always run Debug, so the guard is lossless.
+        #if DEBUG
+        if TestEnvironment.isRunningTests { return PreviewKeychainManager() }
+        #endif
+        return KeychainManager()
+    }
+
+    init(keychain: KeychainManagerProtocol = FavoritesPersistenceService.makeDefaultKeychain()) {
         self.keychain = keychain
         loadFavorites()
         

bitchat/Services/KeychainManager.swift

@@ -7,76 +7,10 @@
 //
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import Security
 
-// MARK: - Keychain Error Types
-// BCH-01-009: Proper error classification to distinguish expected states from critical failures
-
-/// Result of a keychain read operation with proper error classification
-enum KeychainReadResult {
-    case success(Data)
-    case itemNotFound        // Expected: key doesn't exist yet
-    case accessDenied        // Critical: app lacks keychain access
-    case deviceLocked        // Recoverable: device is locked
-    case authenticationFailed // Recoverable: biometric/passcode failed
-    case otherError(OSStatus) // Unexpected error
-
-    var isRecoverableError: Bool {
-        switch self {
-        case .deviceLocked, .authenticationFailed:
-            return true
-        default:
-            return false
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Result of a keychain save operation with proper error classification
-enum KeychainSaveResult {
-    case success
-    case duplicateItem       // Can retry with update
-    case accessDenied        // Critical: app lacks keychain access
-    case deviceLocked        // Recoverable: device is locked
-    case storageFull         // Critical: no space available
-    case otherError(OSStatus)
-
-    var isRecoverableError: Bool {
-        switch self {
-        case .duplicateItem, .deviceLocked:
-            return true
-        default:
-            return false
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-protocol KeychainManagerProtocol {
-    func saveIdentityKey(_ keyData: Data, forKey key: String) -> Bool
-    func getIdentityKey(forKey key: String) -> Data?
-    func deleteIdentityKey(forKey key: String) -> Bool
-    func deleteAllKeychainData() -> Bool
-
-    func secureClear(_ data: inout Data)
-    func secureClear(_ string: inout String)
-
-    func verifyIdentityKeyExists() -> Bool
-
-    // BCH-01-009: Methods with proper error classification
-    /// Get identity key with detailed result for error handling
-    func getIdentityKeyWithResult(forKey key: String) -> KeychainReadResult
-    /// Save identity key with detailed result for error handling
-    func saveIdentityKeyWithResult(_ keyData: Data, forKey key: String) -> KeychainSaveResult
-
-    // MARK: - Generic Data Storage (consolidated from KeychainHelper)
-    /// Save data with a custom service name
-    func save(key: String, data: Data, service: String, accessible: CFString?)
-    /// Load data from a custom service
-    func load(key: String, service: String) -> Data?
-    /// Delete data from a custom service
-    func delete(key: String, service: String)
-}
-
 final class KeychainManager: KeychainManagerProtocol {
     // Use consistent service name for all keychain items
     private let service = BitchatApp.bundleID

bitchat/Services/LocationNotesManager.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import BitLogger
+import Combine
 import Foundation
 
 /// Dependencies for location notes, allowing tests to stub relay/identity behavior.
@@ -14,7 +15,9 @@ struct LocationNotesDependencies {
     var sendEvent: SendEvent
     var deriveIdentity: (_ geohash: String) throws -> NostrIdentity
     var now: () -> Date
-    
+    // Fires when the geo relay directory refreshes; used to retry after "no relays".
+    var relayDirectoryUpdates: AnyPublisher<Void, Never> = Empty(completeImmediately: false).eraseToAnyPublisher()
+
     private static let idBridge = NostrIdentityBridge()
 
     static let live = LocationNotesDependencies(
@@ -39,7 +42,11 @@ struct LocationNotesDependencies {
         deriveIdentity: { geohash in
             try idBridge.deriveIdentity(forGeohash: geohash)
         },
-        now: { Date() }
+        now: { Date() },
+        relayDirectoryUpdates: NotificationCenter.default
+            .publisher(for: .geoRelayDirectoryDidRefresh)
+            .map { _ in () }
+            .eraseToAnyPublisher()
     )
 }
 
@@ -77,6 +84,7 @@ final class LocationNotesManager: ObservableObject {
     @Published private(set) var errorMessage: String?
     private var subscriptionID: String?
     private var noteIDs = Set<String>() // O(1) duplicate detection
+    private var directoryUpdateCancellable: AnyCancellable?
     private let dependencies: LocationNotesDependencies
     private let maxNotesInMemory = 500 // Defensive cap (relay limit is 200)
 
@@ -101,6 +109,15 @@ final class LocationNotesManager: ObservableObject {
             SecureLogger.warning("LocationNotesManager: invalid geohash '\(norm)' (expected 8 valid base32 chars)", category: .session)
         }
         subscribe()
+        // The relay directory may load after init (remote fetch over Tor);
+        // retry automatically instead of staying stuck on "no relays".
+        directoryUpdateCancellable = dependencies.relayDirectoryUpdates
+            .sink { [weak self] in
+                Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+                    guard let self, self.state == .noRelays else { return }
+                    self.subscribe()
+                }
+            }
     }
 
     func setGeohash(_ newGeohash: String) {

bitchat/Services/MessageFormattingEngine.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 // This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
 //
 
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import SwiftUI
 

bitchat/Services/MessageRouter.swift

@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 
 /// Routes messages using available transports (Mesh, Nostr, etc.)
 @MainActor
 final class MessageRouter {
     private let transports: [Transport]
+    private let now: () -> Date
+
+    /// Invoked whenever a retained private message is dropped without a
+    /// delivery ack (attempt cap, TTL expiry, or per-peer overflow eviction)
+    /// so the UI can surface the failure instead of leaving the message in a
+    /// stale "sending/sent" state forever.
+    var onMessageDropped: ((_ messageID: String, _ peerID: PeerID) -> Void)?
 
     // Outbox entry with timestamp for TTL-based eviction
     private struct QueuedMessage {
@@ -12,6 +20,7 @@ final class MessageRouter {
         let nickname: String
         let messageID: String
         let timestamp: Date
+        var sendAttempts: Int = 0
     }
 
     private var outbox: [PeerID: [QueuedMessage]] = [:]
@@ -19,9 +28,13 @@ final class MessageRouter {
     // Outbox limits to prevent unbounded memory growth
     private static let maxMessagesPerPeer = 100
     private static let messageTTLSeconds: TimeInterval = 24 * 60 * 60 // 24 hours
+    // Bound resends of messages sent on a weak reachability signal that never
+    // get a delivery ack (e.g. peer on an old client that doesn't ack).
+    private static let maxSendAttempts = 8
 
-    init(transports: [Transport]) {
+    init(transports: [Transport], now: @escaping () -> Date = Date.init) {
         self.transports = transports
+        self.now = now
 
         // Observe favorites changes to learn Nostr mapping and flush queued messages
         NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(
@@ -60,26 +73,54 @@ final class MessageRouter {
     // MARK: - Message Sending
 
     func sendPrivate(_ content: String, to peerID: PeerID, recipientNickname: String, messageID: String) {
-        if let transport = reachableTransport(for: peerID) {
+        if let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID) {
-            SecureLogger.debug("Routing PM via \(type(of: transport)) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+            // A live link is a strong delivery signal; trust it outright.
+            SecureLogger.debug("Routing PM via \(type(of: transport)) (connected) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
             transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
+            return
+        }
+
+        let message = QueuedMessage(content: content, nickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID, timestamp: now(), sendAttempts: 1)
+        if let transport = reachableTransport(for: peerID) {
+            // Reachability without a connection is a freshness heuristic (e.g.
+            // the mesh retention window), so the send can silently go nowhere.
+            // Send now, but retain a copy until a delivery/read ack clears it;
+            // receivers dedup resends by message ID.
+            SecureLogger.debug("Routing PM via \(type(of: transport)) (reachable) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+            transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
+            enqueue(message, for: peerID)
         } else {
-            // Queue for later with timestamp for TTL tracking
+            var unsent = message
-            if outbox[peerID] == nil { outbox[peerID] = [] }
+            unsent.sendAttempts = 0
-
+            enqueue(unsent, for: peerID)
-            let message = QueuedMessage(content: content, nickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID, timestamp: Date())
-            outbox[peerID]?.append(message)
-
-            // Enforce per-peer size limit with FIFO eviction
-            if let count = outbox[peerID]?.count, count > Self.maxMessagesPerPeer {
-                let evicted = outbox[peerID]?.removeFirst()
-                SecureLogger.warning("📤 Outbox overflow for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… - evicted oldest message: \(evicted?.messageID.prefix(8) ?? "?")…", category: .session)
-            }
-
             SecureLogger.debug("Queued PM for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… (no reachable transport) id=\(messageID.prefix(8))… queue=\(outbox[peerID]?.count ?? 0)", category: .session)
         }
     }
 
+    /// A delivery or read ack confirms receipt; stop retaining the message.
+    func markDelivered(_ messageID: String) {
+        for (peerID, queue) in outbox {
+            let filtered = queue.filter { $0.messageID != messageID }
+            guard filtered.count != queue.count else { continue }
+            outbox[peerID] = filtered.isEmpty ? nil : filtered
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func enqueue(_ message: QueuedMessage, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        var queue = outbox[peerID] ?? []
+        // Re-sending an already-queued ID replaces the entry (keeps attempt count fresh)
+        queue.removeAll { $0.messageID == message.messageID }
+        queue.append(message)
+
+        // Enforce per-peer size limit with FIFO eviction
+        if queue.count > Self.maxMessagesPerPeer {
+            let evicted = queue.removeFirst()
+            SecureLogger.warning("📤 Outbox overflow for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… - evicted oldest message: \(evicted.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+            onMessageDropped?(evicted.messageID, peerID)
+        }
+        outbox[peerID] = queue
+    }
+
     func sendReadReceipt(_ receipt: ReadReceipt, to peerID: PeerID) {
         if let transport = reachableTransport(for: peerID) {
             SecureLogger.debug("Routing READ ack via \(type(of: transport)) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(receipt.originalMessageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
@@ -110,19 +151,34 @@ final class MessageRouter {
         guard let queued = outbox[peerID], !queued.isEmpty else { return }
         SecureLogger.debug("Flushing outbox for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… count=\(queued.count)", category: .session)
 
-        let now = Date()
+        let now = now()
         var remaining: [QueuedMessage] = []
 
         for message in queued {
             // Skip expired messages (TTL exceeded)
             if now.timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp) > Self.messageTTLSeconds {
                 SecureLogger.debug("⏰ Expired queued message for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))… (age: \(Int(now.timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp)))s)", category: .session)
+                onMessageDropped?(message.messageID, peerID)
                 continue
             }
 
-            if let transport = reachableTransport(for: peerID) {
+            if let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID) {
-                SecureLogger.debug("Outbox -> \(type(of: transport)) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+                // Live link: send and stop retaining.
+                SecureLogger.debug("Outbox -> \(type(of: transport)) (connected) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
                 transport.sendPrivateMessage(message.content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: message.nickname, messageID: message.messageID)
+            } else if let transport = reachableTransport(for: peerID) {
+                // Weak signal: send but keep retaining until an ack clears it,
+                // bounded by attempt count for peers that never ack.
+                guard message.sendAttempts < Self.maxSendAttempts else {
+                    SecureLogger.warning("📤 Dropping unacked PM for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))… after \(message.sendAttempts) attempts", category: .session)
+                    onMessageDropped?(message.messageID, peerID)
+                    continue
+                }
+                SecureLogger.debug("Outbox -> \(type(of: transport)) (reachable) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+                transport.sendPrivateMessage(message.content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: message.nickname, messageID: message.messageID)
+                var retained = message
+                retained.sendAttempts += 1
+                remaining.append(retained)
             } else {
                 remaining.append(message)
             }
@@ -141,12 +197,21 @@ final class MessageRouter {
 
     /// Periodically clean up expired messages from all outboxes
     func cleanupExpiredMessages() {
-        let now = Date()
+        let now = now()
         for peerID in Array(outbox.keys) {
-            outbox[peerID]?.removeAll { now.timeIntervalSince($0.timestamp) > Self.messageTTLSeconds }
+            var expiredMessageIDs: [String] = []
+            outbox[peerID]?.removeAll { message in
+                guard now.timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp) > Self.messageTTLSeconds else { return false }
+                expiredMessageIDs.append(message.messageID)
+                return true
+            }
             if outbox[peerID]?.isEmpty == true {
                 outbox.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
             }
+            for messageID in expiredMessageIDs {
+                SecureLogger.debug("⏰ Expired queued message for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+                onMessageDropped?(messageID, peerID)
+            }
         }
     }
 }

bitchat/Services/NetworkActivationService.swift

@@ -44,7 +44,11 @@ final class NetworkActivationService: ObservableObject {
     private let permissionProvider: () -> LocationChannelManager.PermissionState
     private let mutualFavoritesProvider: () -> Set<Data>
     private let torController: NetworkActivationTorControlling
-    private let relayController: NetworkActivationRelayControlling
+    // Resolved lazily: NostrRelayManager.init() reads NetworkActivationService.shared
+    // (via its live dependencies), so capturing NostrRelayManager.shared here would
+    // re-enter whichever singleton's dispatch_once started first and trap at launch.
+    private lazy var relayController: NetworkActivationRelayControlling = relayControllerProvider()
+    private let relayControllerProvider: () -> NetworkActivationRelayControlling
     private let proxyController: NetworkActivationProxyControlling
     private let notificationCenter: NotificationCenter
 
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ final class NetworkActivationService: ObservableObject {
         permissionProvider = { LocationChannelManager.shared.permissionState }
         mutualFavoritesProvider = { FavoritesPersistenceService.shared.mutualFavorites }
         torController = TorManager.shared
-        relayController = NostrRelayManager.shared
+        relayControllerProvider = { NostrRelayManager.shared }
         proxyController = TorURLSession.shared
         notificationCenter = .default
     }
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ final class NetworkActivationService: ObservableObject {
         self.permissionProvider = permissionProvider
         self.mutualFavoritesProvider = mutualFavoritesProvider
         self.torController = torController
-        self.relayController = relayController
+        self.relayControllerProvider = { relayController }
         self.proxyController = proxyController
         self.notificationCenter = notificationCenter
     }

bitchat/Services/NoiseEncryptionService.swift

@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@
 ///
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import CryptoKit
 

bitchat/Services/NostrTransport.swift

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import Combine
 
@@ -105,6 +106,7 @@ final class NostrTransport: Transport, @unchecked Sendable {
     // MARK: - Transport Protocol Conformance
 
     weak var delegate: BitchatDelegate?
+    weak var eventDelegate: TransportEventDelegate?
     weak var peerEventsDelegate: TransportPeerEventsDelegate?
 
     var peerSnapshotPublisher: AnyPublisher<[TransportPeerSnapshot], Never> {
@@ -140,17 +142,9 @@ final class NostrTransport: Transport, @unchecked Sendable {
     func getFingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) -> String? { nil }
     func getNoiseSessionState(for peerID: PeerID) -> LazyHandshakeState { .none }
     func triggerHandshake(with peerID: PeerID) { /* no-op */ }
-    
+
-    // Nostr does not use Noise sessions here; return a cached placeholder to avoid reallocation
+    // Nostr does not use Noise sessions here; the inert Transport defaults
-    private static var cachedNoiseService: NoiseEncryptionService?
+    // for the noise* identity hooks apply.
-    func getNoiseService() -> NoiseEncryptionService {
-        if let noiseService = Self.cachedNoiseService {
-            return noiseService
-        }
-        let noiseService = NoiseEncryptionService(keychain: keychain)
-        Self.cachedNoiseService = noiseService
-        return noiseService
-    }
 
     // Public broadcast not supported over Nostr here
     func sendMessage(_ content: String, mentions: [String]) { /* no-op */ }
@@ -172,9 +166,9 @@ final class NostrTransport: Transport, @unchecked Sendable {
     func sendReadReceipt(_ receipt: ReadReceipt, to peerID: PeerID) {
         // Enqueue and process with throttling to avoid relay rate limits
         // Use barrier to synchronize access to readQueue
-        queue.async(flags: .barrier) { [weak self] in
+        queue.async(flags: .barrier) {
-            self?.readQueue.append(QueuedRead(receipt: receipt, peerID: peerID))
+            self.readQueue.append(QueuedRead(receipt: receipt, peerID: peerID))
-            self?.processReadQueueIfNeeded()
+            self.processReadQueueIfNeeded()
         }
     }
 

bitchat/Services/NotificationService.swift

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 // For more information, see <https://unlicense.org>
 //
 
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import UserNotifications
 #if os(iOS)

bitchat/Services/NotificationStreamAssembler.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 
 struct NotificationStreamAssembler {
@@ -20,6 +21,19 @@ struct NotificationStreamAssembler {
         pendingFrameExpectedLength = 0
     }
 
+    private mutating func discardLeadingPaddingIfPresent() -> Bool {
+        guard let first = buffer.first else { return false }
+        guard first != 1 && first != 2 else { return false }
+        let paddingLength = Int(first)
+        guard paddingLength > 0, paddingLength <= buffer.count else { return false }
+        guard buffer.prefix(paddingLength).allSatisfy({ $0 == first }) else { return false }
+
+        buffer.removeFirst(paddingLength)
+        pendingFrameStartedAt = nil
+        pendingFrameExpectedLength = 0
+        return true
+    }
+
     mutating func append(_ chunk: Data) -> (frames: [Data], droppedPrefixes: [UInt8], reset: Bool) {
         guard !chunk.isEmpty else { return ([], [], false) }
 
@@ -41,6 +55,9 @@ struct NotificationStreamAssembler {
         while buffer.count >= minimumFramePrefix {
             guard let version = buffer.first else { break }
             guard version == 1 || version == 2 else {
+                if discardLeadingPaddingIfPresent() {
+                    continue
+                }
                 dropped.append(buffer.removeFirst())
                 pendingFrameStartedAt = nil
                 pendingFrameExpectedLength = 0
@@ -132,6 +149,11 @@ struct NotificationStreamAssembler {
             let frame = Data(buffer.prefix(frameLength))
             frames.append(frame)
             buffer.removeFirst(frameLength)
+            _ = discardLeadingPaddingIfPresent()
+        }
+
+        if discardLeadingPaddingIfPresent() {
+            return (frames, dropped, didReset)
         }
 
         if !buffer.isEmpty, buffer.allSatisfy({ $0 == 0 }) {

bitchat/Services/PrivateChatManager.swift

@@ -7,14 +7,26 @@
 //
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
+import Combine
 import Foundation
 import SwiftUI
 
-/// Manages all private chat functionality
+/// Manages private chat session policy (selection, read receipts,
+/// consolidation). Message storage lives in the single-writer
+/// `ConversationStore` (docs/CONVERSATION-STORE-DESIGN.md); the
+/// `privateChats` / `unreadMessages` properties below are read-only views
+/// derived from it.
+@MainActor
 final class PrivateChatManager: ObservableObject {
-    @Published var privateChats: [PeerID: [BitchatMessage]] = [:]
+    /// Read-only mirror of `ConversationStore.selectedPrivatePeerID` — the
-    @Published var selectedPeer: PeerID? = nil
+    /// store is the sole owner of conversation selection. Kept `@Published`
-    @Published var unreadMessages: Set<PeerID> = []
+    /// so existing observers (`objectWillChange` forwarding into
+    /// `ChatViewModel`) keep firing on selection changes. Mutate via
+    /// `startChat(with:)` / `endChat()`, which route through the store's
+    /// `setSelectedPrivatePeer` intent.
+    @Published private(set) var selectedPeer: PeerID? = nil
+    private var selectedPeerMirrorCancellable: AnyCancellable? = nil
 
     private var selectedPeerFingerprint: String? = nil
     var sentReadReceipts: Set<String> = []  // Made accessible for ChatViewModel
@@ -24,13 +36,51 @@ final class PrivateChatManager: ObservableObject {
     weak var messageRouter: MessageRouter?
     // Peer service for looking up peer info during consolidation
     weak var unifiedPeerService: UnifiedPeerService?
-
+    /// Single source of truth for message and selection state; injected by
-    init(meshService: Transport? = nil) {
+    /// the bootstrapper (`wireServiceGraph`).
-        self.meshService = meshService
+    var conversationStore: ConversationStore? {
+        didSet { bindSelectionMirror() }
     }
 
-    // Cap for messages stored per private chat
+    init(meshService: Transport? = nil, conversationStore: ConversationStore? = nil) {
-    private let privateChatCap = TransportConfig.privateChatCap
+        self.meshService = meshService
+        self.conversationStore = conversationStore
+        bindSelectionMirror() // didSet does not fire during init
+    }
+
+    /// Keeps `selectedPeer` in lock-step with the store's selection axis
+    /// (including store-internal handoffs such as conversation migration).
+    private func bindSelectionMirror() {
+        guard let store = conversationStore else {
+            selectedPeerMirrorCancellable = nil
+            return
+        }
+        selectedPeerMirrorCancellable = store.$selectedPrivatePeerID
+            .sink { [weak self] peerID in
+                guard let self, self.selectedPeer != peerID else { return }
+                self.selectedPeer = peerID
+            }
+    }
+
+    // MARK: - Derived message state (read-only compat views)
+
+    /// All private chats keyed by routing peer ID, derived from the store.
+    /// Mutations go through the store's intent API only.
+    @MainActor
+    var privateChats: [PeerID: [BitchatMessage]] {
+        conversationStore?.directMessagesByRoutingPeerID() ?? [:]
+    }
+
+    /// Unread chats, derived from the store's unread state.
+    @MainActor
+    var unreadMessages: Set<PeerID> {
+        conversationStore?.unreadDirectRoutingPeerIDs() ?? []
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    private func messages(for peerID: PeerID) -> [BitchatMessage] {
+        conversationStore?.conversationsByID[.directPeer(peerID)]?.messages ?? []
+    }
 
     // MARK: - Message Consolidation
 
@@ -43,57 +93,51 @@ final class PrivateChatManager: ObservableObject {
     /// - Returns: True if any unread messages were found during consolidation
     @MainActor
     func consolidateMessages(for peerID: PeerID, peerNickname: String, persistedReadReceipts: Set<String>) -> Bool {
-        guard let meshService = meshService else { return false }
+        guard let meshService = meshService, let store = conversationStore else { return false }
         var hasUnreadMessages = false
 
         // 1. Consolidate from stable Noise key (64-char hex)
         if let peer = unifiedPeerService?.getPeer(by: peerID) {
             let noiseKeyHex = PeerID(hexData: peer.noisePublicKey)
+            let nostrMessages = messages(for: noiseKeyHex)
 
-            if noiseKeyHex != peerID, let nostrMessages = privateChats[noiseKeyHex], !nostrMessages.isEmpty {
+            if noiseKeyHex != peerID, !nostrMessages.isEmpty {
-                if privateChats[peerID] == nil {
-                    privateChats[peerID] = []
-                }
-
-                let existingMessageIds = Set(privateChats[peerID]?.map { $0.id } ?? [])
                 for message in nostrMessages {
-                    if !existingMessageIds.contains(message.id) {
+                    // Update senderPeerID for correct read receipts
-                        // Update senderPeerID for correct read receipts
+                    let updatedMessage = BitchatMessage(
-                        let updatedMessage = BitchatMessage(
+                        id: message.id,
-                            id: message.id,
+                        sender: message.sender,
-                            sender: message.sender,
+                        content: message.content,
-                            content: message.content,
+                        timestamp: message.timestamp,
-                            timestamp: message.timestamp,
+                        isRelay: message.isRelay,
-                            isRelay: message.isRelay,
+                        originalSender: message.originalSender,
-                            originalSender: message.originalSender,
+                        isPrivate: message.isPrivate,
-                            isPrivate: message.isPrivate,
+                        recipientNickname: message.recipientNickname,
-                            recipientNickname: message.recipientNickname,
+                        senderPeerID: message.senderPeerID == meshService.myPeerID ? meshService.myPeerID : peerID,
-                            senderPeerID: message.senderPeerID == meshService.myPeerID ? meshService.myPeerID : peerID,
+                        mentions: message.mentions,
-                            mentions: message.mentions,
+                        deliveryStatus: message.deliveryStatus
-                            deliveryStatus: message.deliveryStatus
+                    )
-                        )
+                    // Store append dedups by message ID (skips ones the
-                        privateChats[peerID]?.append(updatedMessage)
+                    // target chat already has).
+                    guard store.append(updatedMessage, to: .directPeer(peerID)) else { continue }
 
-                        // Check for recent unread messages (< 60s, not sent by us, not already read)
+                    // Check for recent unread messages (< 60s, not sent by us, not already read)
-                        // Use persistedReadReceipts to correctly identify already-read messages after app restart
+                    // Use persistedReadReceipts to correctly identify already-read messages after app restart
-                        if message.senderPeerID != meshService.myPeerID {
+                    if message.senderPeerID != meshService.myPeerID {
-                            let messageAge = Date().timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp)
+                        let messageAge = Date().timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp)
-                            if messageAge < 60 && !persistedReadReceipts.contains(message.id) {
+                        if messageAge < 60 && !persistedReadReceipts.contains(message.id) {
-                                hasUnreadMessages = true
+                            hasUnreadMessages = true
-                            }
                         }
                     }
                 }
 
-                privateChats[peerID]?.sort { $0.timestamp < $1.timestamp }
-
                 if hasUnreadMessages {
-                    unreadMessages.insert(peerID)
+                    store.markUnread(.directPeer(peerID))
-                } else if unreadMessages.contains(noiseKeyHex) {
+                } else {
-                    unreadMessages.remove(noiseKeyHex)
+                    store.markRead(.directPeer(noiseKeyHex))
                 }
 
-                privateChats.removeValue(forKey: noiseKeyHex)
+                store.removeConversation(.directPeer(noiseKeyHex))
             }
         }
 
@@ -111,52 +155,43 @@ final class PrivateChatManager: ObservableObject {
         }
 
         if !tempPeerIDsToConsolidate.isEmpty {
-            if privateChats[peerID] == nil {
-                privateChats[peerID] = []
-            }
-
-            let existingMessageIds = Set(privateChats[peerID]?.map { $0.id } ?? [])
             var consolidatedCount = 0
             var hadUnreadTemp = false
+            let unreadPeerIDs = unreadMessages
 
             for tempPeerID in tempPeerIDsToConsolidate {
-                if unreadMessages.contains(tempPeerID) {
+                if unreadPeerIDs.contains(tempPeerID) {
                     hadUnreadTemp = true
                 }
 
-                if let tempMessages = privateChats[tempPeerID] {
+                for message in messages(for: tempPeerID) {
-                    for message in tempMessages {
+                    let updatedMessage = BitchatMessage(
-                        if !existingMessageIds.contains(message.id) {
+                        id: message.id,
-                            let updatedMessage = BitchatMessage(
+                        sender: message.sender,
-                                id: message.id,
+                        content: message.content,
-                                sender: message.sender,
+                        timestamp: message.timestamp,
-                                content: message.content,
+                        isRelay: message.isRelay,
-                                timestamp: message.timestamp,
+                        originalSender: message.originalSender,
-                                isRelay: message.isRelay,
+                        isPrivate: message.isPrivate,
-                                originalSender: message.originalSender,
+                        recipientNickname: message.recipientNickname,
-                                isPrivate: message.isPrivate,
+                        senderPeerID: peerID,
-                                recipientNickname: message.recipientNickname,
+                        mentions: message.mentions,
-                                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                        deliveryStatus: message.deliveryStatus
-                                mentions: message.mentions,
+                    )
-                                deliveryStatus: message.deliveryStatus
+                    if store.append(updatedMessage, to: .directPeer(peerID)) {
-                            )
+                        consolidatedCount += 1
-                            privateChats[peerID]?.append(updatedMessage)
-                            consolidatedCount += 1
-                        }
                     }
-                    privateChats.removeValue(forKey: tempPeerID)
-                    unreadMessages.remove(tempPeerID)
                 }
+                store.removeConversation(.directPeer(tempPeerID))
             }
 
             if hadUnreadTemp {
-                unreadMessages.insert(peerID)
+                store.markUnread(.directPeer(peerID))
                 hasUnreadMessages = true
                 SecureLogger.debug("📬 Transferred unread status from temp peer IDs to \(peerID)", category: .session)
             }
 
             if consolidatedCount > 0 {
-                privateChats[peerID]?.sort { $0.timestamp < $1.timestamp }
                 SecureLogger.info("📥 Consolidated \(consolidatedCount) Nostr messages from temporary peer IDs to \(peerNickname)", category: .session)
             }
         }
@@ -167,9 +202,7 @@ final class PrivateChatManager: ObservableObject {
     /// Syncs the read receipt tracking between manager and view model for sent messages
     @MainActor
     func syncReadReceiptsForSentMessages(peerID: PeerID, nickname: String, externalReceipts: inout Set<String>) {
-        guard let messages = privateChats[peerID] else { return }
+        for message in messages(for: peerID) {
-
-        for message in messages {
             if message.sender == nickname {
                 if let status = message.deliveryStatus {
                     switch status {
@@ -183,86 +216,68 @@ final class PrivateChatManager: ObservableObject {
             }
         }
     }
-    
+
-    /// Start a private chat with a peer
+    /// Start a private chat with a peer. Selection is mutated through the
+    /// store's intent (the store owns it); the manager keeps its side
+    /// effects (fingerprint tracking, read receipts, unread clearing).
+    @MainActor
     func startChat(with peerID: PeerID) {
-        selectedPeer = peerID
+        // Also creates the conversation if needed and updates the derived
-        
+        // `selectedConversationID`; `selectedPeer` mirrors the change.
+        conversationStore?.setSelectedPrivatePeer(peerID)
+
         // Store fingerprint for persistence across reconnections
         if let fingerprint = meshService?.getFingerprint(for: peerID) {
             selectedPeerFingerprint = fingerprint
         }
-        
+
         // Mark messages as read
         markAsRead(from: peerID)
-        
-        // Initialize chat if needed
-        if privateChats[peerID] == nil {
-            privateChats[peerID] = []
-        }
     }
-    
+
-    /// End the current private chat
+    /// End the current private chat (selection returns to the active public
+    /// channel's conversation).
     func endChat() {
-        selectedPeer = nil
+        conversationStore?.setSelectedPrivatePeer(nil)
         selectedPeerFingerprint = nil
     }
 
-    /// Remove duplicate messages by ID and keep chronological order
+    /// No-op since the `ConversationStore` cutover: the store maintains
-    func sanitizeChat(for peerID: PeerID) {
+    /// chronological order and dedups by message ID on every insert, so the
-        guard let arr = privateChats[peerID] else { return }
+    /// per-append re-sort/dedup sweep this performed is no longer needed.
-        if arr.count <= 1 {
+    /// Kept only for API compatibility until step 5 removes the callers.
-            return
+    func sanitizeChat(for peerID: PeerID) {}
-        }
 
-        var indexByID: [String: Int] = [:]
-        indexByID.reserveCapacity(arr.count)
-        var deduped: [BitchatMessage] = []
-        deduped.reserveCapacity(arr.count)
-
-        for msg in arr.sorted(by: { $0.timestamp < $1.timestamp }) {
-            if let existing = indexByID[msg.id] {
-                deduped[existing] = msg
-            } else {
-                indexByID[msg.id] = deduped.count
-                deduped.append(msg)
-            }
-        }
-
-        privateChats[peerID] = deduped
-    }
-    
     /// Mark messages from a peer as read
+    @MainActor
     func markAsRead(from peerID: PeerID) {
-        unreadMessages.remove(peerID)
+        conversationStore?.markRead(.directPeer(peerID))
-        
+
         // Send read receipts for unread messages that haven't been sent yet
-        if let messages = privateChats[peerID] {
+        for message in messages(for: peerID) {
-            for message in messages {
+            if message.senderPeerID == peerID && !message.isRelay && !sentReadReceipts.contains(message.id) {
-                if message.senderPeerID == peerID && !message.isRelay && !sentReadReceipts.contains(message.id) {
+                sendReadReceipt(for: message)
-                    sendReadReceipt(for: message)
-                }
             }
         }
     }
-    
+
     // MARK: - Private Methods
-    
+
     private func sendReadReceipt(for message: BitchatMessage) {
         guard !sentReadReceipts.contains(message.id),
               let senderPeerID = message.senderPeerID else {
             return
         }
-        
+
         sentReadReceipts.insert(message.id)
-        
+
         // Create read receipt using the simplified method
         let receipt = ReadReceipt(
             originalMessageID: message.id,
             readerID: meshService?.myPeerID ?? PeerID(str: ""),
             readerNickname: meshService?.myNickname ?? ""
         )
-        
+
         // Route via MessageRouter to avoid handshakeRequired spam when session isn't established
         if let router = messageRouter {
             SecureLogger.debug("PrivateChatManager: sending READ ack for \(message.id.prefix(8))… to \(senderPeerID.id.prefix(8))… via router", category: .session)

bitchat/Services/RelayController.swift

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ struct RelayDecision {
 struct RelayController {
     static func decide(ttl: UInt8,
                        senderIsSelf: Bool,
+                       recipientIsSelf: Bool = false,
                        isEncrypted: Bool,
                        isDirectedEncrypted: Bool,
                        isFragment: Bool,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ struct RelayController {
         let ttlCap = min(ttl, TransportConfig.messageTTLDefault)
 
         // Suppress obvious non-relays
-        if ttlCap <= 1 || senderIsSelf {
+        if ttlCap <= 1 || senderIsSelf || recipientIsSelf {
             return RelayDecision(shouldRelay: false, newTTL: ttlCap, delayMs: 0)
         }
 
@@ -38,7 +39,12 @@ struct RelayController {
         }
 
         if isFragment {
-            let ttlLimit = min(ttlCap, TransportConfig.bleFragmentRelayTtlCap)
+            // Dense graphs clamp harder to contain full-fanout fragment floods;
+            // sparse graphs get full depth so media reaches as far as text.
+            let fragmentCap = degree >= highDegreeThreshold
+                ? TransportConfig.bleFragmentRelayTtlCapDense
+                : TransportConfig.bleFragmentRelayTtlCap
+            let ttlLimit = min(ttlCap, fragmentCap)
             guard ttlLimit > 1 else {
                 return RelayDecision(shouldRelay: false, newTTL: ttlLimit, delayMs: 0)
             }
@@ -49,11 +55,16 @@ struct RelayController {
 
         // TTL clamping for broadcast
         // - Dense graphs: keep lower but still allow multi-hop bridging
+        // - Thin chains (degree <= 2): every hop counts and flood cost is
+        //   minimal, so relay at full incoming depth
         // - Announces get a bit more headroom
         let ttlLimit: UInt8 = {
             if degree >= highDegreeThreshold {
                 return max(UInt8(2), min(ttlCap, UInt8(5)))
             }
+            if degree <= 2 {
+                return ttlCap
+            }
             let preferred = UInt8(isAnnounce ? 7 : 6)
             return max(UInt8(2), min(ttlCap, preferred))
         }()

bitchat/Services/TestEnvironment.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//
+// TestEnvironment.swift
+// bitchat
+//
+// This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+// For more information, see <https://unlicense.org>
+//
+
+import Foundation
+
+/// Process-level test-environment detection for singletons that must swap a
+/// real OS-backed dependency (keychain, persistent defaults, notifications)
+/// for an in-memory one under test. Mirrors the detection already used by
+/// `NotificationService` and `LocationStateManager`.
+enum TestEnvironment {
+    /// True when running under XCTest / Swift Testing or in CI.
+    static let isRunningTests: Bool = {
+        let env = ProcessInfo.processInfo.environment
+        return NSClassFromString("XCTestCase") != nil ||
+               env["XCTestConfigurationFilePath"] != nil ||
+               env["XCTestBundlePath"] != nil ||
+               env["GITHUB_ACTIONS"] != nil ||
+               env["CI"] != nil
+    }()
+}

bitchat/Services/Transport.swift

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import Combine
+import CoreBluetooth
 
 /// Abstract transport interface used by ChatViewModel and services.
 /// BLEService implements this protocol; a future Nostr transport can too.
@@ -11,9 +13,27 @@ struct TransportPeerSnapshot: Equatable, Hashable {
     let lastSeen: Date
 }
 
+enum TransportEvent: @unchecked Sendable {
+    case messageReceived(BitchatMessage)
+    case publicMessageReceived(peerID: PeerID, nickname: String, content: String, timestamp: Date, messageID: String?)
+    case noisePayloadReceived(peerID: PeerID, type: NoisePayloadType, payload: Data, timestamp: Date)
+    case peerConnected(PeerID)
+    case peerDisconnected(PeerID)
+    case peerListUpdated([PeerID])
+    case peerSnapshotsUpdated([TransportPeerSnapshot])
+    case messageDeliveryStatusUpdated(messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus)
+    case bluetoothStateUpdated(CBManagerState)
+}
+
+protocol TransportEventDelegate: AnyObject {
+    @MainActor func didReceiveTransportEvent(_ event: TransportEvent)
+}
+
 protocol Transport: AnyObject {
     // Event sink
     var delegate: BitchatDelegate? { get set }
+    // Typed event sink for transport-domain events. Prefer this over BitchatDelegate for new code.
+    var eventDelegate: TransportEventDelegate? { get set }
     // Peer events (preferred over publishers for UI)
     var peerEventsDelegate: TransportPeerEventsDelegate? { get set }
     
@@ -41,7 +61,27 @@ protocol Transport: AnyObject {
     func getFingerprint(for peerID: PeerID) -> String?
     func getNoiseSessionState(for peerID: PeerID) -> LazyHandshakeState
     func triggerHandshake(with peerID: PeerID)
-    func getNoiseService() -> NoiseEncryptionService
+
+    // Noise identity/session access. Narrow, purpose-named wrappers so the
+    // underlying NoiseEncryptionService (and its peer-binding/session
+    // orchestration) is never exposed outside the transport.
+    /// The remote static public key of the Noise session with `peerID`, if established.
+    func noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for peerID: PeerID) -> Data?
+    /// Fingerprint of our own Noise static identity key.
+    func noiseIdentityFingerprint() -> String
+    /// Our Noise static public key (Curve25519 key agreement).
+    func noiseStaticPublicKeyData() -> Data
+    /// Our Noise signing public key (Ed25519).
+    func noiseSigningPublicKeyData() -> Data
+    /// Signs `data` with our Noise signing key.
+    func noiseSignData(_ data: Data) -> Data?
+    /// Verifies an Ed25519 `signature` over `data` against `publicKey`.
+    func noiseVerifySignature(_ signature: Data, for data: Data, publicKey: Data) -> Bool
+    /// Registers session-lifecycle callbacks (peer authenticated / handshake required).
+    func installNoiseSessionCallbacks(
+        onPeerAuthenticated: @escaping (PeerID, String) -> Void,
+        onHandshakeRequired: @escaping (PeerID) -> Void
+    )
 
     // Messaging
     func sendMessage(_ content: String, mentions: [String])
@@ -65,6 +105,19 @@ protocol Transport: AnyObject {
 }
 
 extension Transport {
+    // Noise identity hooks default to inert for transports that do not carry
+    // Noise sessions (e.g. NostrTransport).
+    func noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for peerID: PeerID) -> Data? { nil }
+    func noiseIdentityFingerprint() -> String { "" }
+    func noiseStaticPublicKeyData() -> Data { Data() }
+    func noiseSigningPublicKeyData() -> Data { Data() }
+    func noiseSignData(_ data: Data) -> Data? { nil }
+    func noiseVerifySignature(_ signature: Data, for data: Data, publicKey: Data) -> Bool { false }
+    func installNoiseSessionCallbacks(
+        onPeerAuthenticated: @escaping (PeerID, String) -> Void,
+        onHandshakeRequired: @escaping (PeerID) -> Void
+    ) {}
+
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {}
     func sendVerifyResponse(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {}
     func sendFileBroadcast(_ packet: BitchatFilePacket, transferId: String) {}
@@ -83,4 +136,36 @@ protocol TransportPeerEventsDelegate: AnyObject {
     @MainActor func didUpdatePeerSnapshots(_ peers: [TransportPeerSnapshot])
 }
 
+extension BitchatDelegate {
+    @MainActor
+    func receiveTransportEvent(_ event: TransportEvent) {
+        switch event {
+        case .messageReceived(let message):
+            didReceiveMessage(message)
+        case let .publicMessageReceived(peerID, nickname, content, timestamp, messageID):
+            didReceivePublicMessage(
+                from: peerID,
+                nickname: nickname,
+                content: content,
+                timestamp: timestamp,
+                messageID: messageID
+            )
+        case let .noisePayloadReceived(peerID, type, payload, timestamp):
+            didReceiveNoisePayload(from: peerID, type: type, payload: payload, timestamp: timestamp)
+        case .peerConnected(let peerID):
+            didConnectToPeer(peerID)
+        case .peerDisconnected(let peerID):
+            didDisconnectFromPeer(peerID)
+        case .peerListUpdated(let peers):
+            didUpdatePeerList(peers)
+        case .peerSnapshotsUpdated:
+            break
+        case let .messageDeliveryStatusUpdated(messageID, status):
+            didUpdateMessageDeliveryStatus(messageID, status: status)
+        case .bluetoothStateUpdated(let state):
+            didUpdateBluetoothState(state)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 extension BLEService: Transport {}

bitchat/Services/TransportConfig.swift

@@ -11,13 +11,17 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     static let bleMaxConcurrentTransfers: Int = 2           // Limit simultaneous large media sends
     static let bleFragmentRelayMinDelayMs: Int = 8          // Faster forwarding for media fragments
     static let bleFragmentRelayMaxDelayMs: Int = 25         // Upper jitter bound for fragment relays
-    static let bleFragmentRelayTtlCap: UInt8 = 5            // Clamp fragment TTL to contain floods
+    // Fragment relay TTL in sparse graphs; matches messageTTLDefault so media
+    // reaches as far as text. Dense graphs clamp harder in RelayController.
+    static let bleFragmentRelayTtlCap: UInt8 = 7
+    static let bleFragmentRelayTtlCapDense: UInt8 = 5       // Contain fragment floods in dense graphs
 
     // UI / Storage Caps
     static let privateChatCap: Int = 1337
     static let meshTimelineCap: Int = 1337
     static let geoTimelineCap: Int = 1337
     static let contentLRUCap: Int = 2000
+    static let geoSamplingEventLRUCap: Int = 2000
 
     // Timers
     static let networkResetGraceSeconds: TimeInterval = 600 // 10 minutes
@@ -40,14 +44,27 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     static let blePendingNotificationsCapCount: Int = 128
     static let bleNotificationRetryDelayMs: Int = 25
     static let bleNotificationRetryMaxAttempts: Int = 80
+    // Sample interval for notification backpressure logs (fire per fragment
+    // during media transfers).
+    static let bleBackpressureLogInterval: Int = 25
 
     // Nostr
     static let nostrReadAckInterval: TimeInterval = 0.35 // ~3 per second
+    static let nostrInboundEventDedupCap: Int = 4096
+    static let nostrInboundEventDedupTrimTarget: Int = 3072
+    static let nostrDuplicateEventLogInterval: Int = 50
+    // Sample interval for per-event debug logs on the inbound hot path.
+    static let nostrInboundEventLogInterval: Int = 100
+
+    // Conversation store diagnostics (field observability)
+    // Sample interval for the periodic store-audit "OK" heartbeat line
+    // (first + every Nth audit); violations always log at error level.
+    static let conversationStoreAuditLogInterval: Int = 10
+    // Sample interval for the mirrored-republish debug line in the ID-only
+    // delivery fan-out (first + every Nth republish).
+    static let conversationStoreMirroredRepublishLogInterval: Int = 25
 
     // UI thresholds
-    static let uiLateInsertThreshold: TimeInterval = 15.0
-    // Geohash public chats are more sensitive to ordering; use a tighter threshold
-    static let uiLateInsertThresholdGeo: TimeInterval = 0.0
     static let uiProcessedNostrEventsCap: Int = 2000
     static let uiChannelInactivityThresholdSeconds: TimeInterval = 9 * 60
     
@@ -76,19 +93,21 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     // BLE maintenance & thresholds
     static let bleMaintenanceInterval: TimeInterval = 5.0
     static let bleMaintenanceLeewaySeconds: Int = 1
-    static let bleIsolationRelaxThresholdSeconds: TimeInterval = 60
+    static let bleIsolationRelaxThresholdSeconds: TimeInterval = 30
-    static let bleRecentTimeoutWindowSeconds: TimeInterval = 60
+    // Isolated nodes accept the weakest usable links — a fringe connection
-    static let bleRecentTimeoutCountThreshold: Int = 3
+    // beats no connection. Relaxed floor sits at CoreBluetooth's practical
-    static let bleRSSIIsolatedBase: Int = -90
+    // reporting limit so prolonged isolation gates on nothing but decode.
-    static let bleRSSIIsolatedRelaxed: Int = -92
+    static let bleRSSIIsolatedBase: Int = -95
+    static let bleRSSIIsolatedRelaxed: Int = -100
     static let bleRSSIConnectedThreshold: Int = -85
-    static let bleRSSIHighTimeoutThreshold: Int = -80
     // How long without seeing traffic before we sanity-check the direct link
     // Lowered to make connected→reachable icon changes react faster when walking out of range
     static let blePeerInactivityTimeoutSeconds: TimeInterval = 8.0
-    // How long to retain a peer as "reachable" (not directly connected) since lastSeen
+    // How long to retain a peer as "reachable" (not directly connected) since lastSeen.
-    static let bleReachabilityRetentionVerifiedSeconds: TimeInterval = 21.0    // 21s for verified/favorites
+    // Must comfortably exceed the worst-case dense announce interval (38s) plus a
-    static let bleReachabilityRetentionUnverifiedSeconds: TimeInterval = 21.0  // 21s for unknown/unverified
+    // missed cycle, so duty-cycled nodes don't forget peers between announces.
+    static let bleReachabilityRetentionVerifiedSeconds: TimeInterval = 60.0    // verified/favorites
+    static let bleReachabilityRetentionUnverifiedSeconds: TimeInterval = 45.0  // unknown/unverified
     static let bleFragmentLifetimeSeconds: TimeInterval = 30.0
     static let bleIngressRecordLifetimeSeconds: TimeInterval = 3.0
     static let bleConnectTimeoutBackoffWindowSeconds: TimeInterval = 120.0
@@ -133,9 +152,6 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     static let nostrShortKeyDisplayLength: Int = 8
     static let nostrConvKeyPrefixLength: Int = 16
 
-    // Compression
-    static let compressionThresholdBytes: Int = 100
-
     // Message deduplication
     static let messageDedupMaxAgeSeconds: TimeInterval = 300
     static let messageDedupMaxCount: Int = 1000
@@ -148,7 +164,27 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     static let nostrRelayMaxBackoffSeconds: TimeInterval = 300.0
     static let nostrRelayBackoffMultiplier: Double = 2.0
     static let nostrRelayMaxReconnectAttempts: Int = 10
+    // Reconnect delays get ±20% random jitter so relays that dropped together
+    // (e.g. a network blip) don't thundering-herd the same reconnect instant.
+    static let nostrRelayBackoffJitterRatio: Double = 0.2
     static let nostrRelayDefaultFetchLimit: Int = 100
+    // How many consecutive Tor-readiness waits (each bounded by TorManager's
+    // bootstrap deadline) to attempt before unblocking pending EOSE callers.
+    static let nostrTorReadyMaxWaitAttempts: Int = 3
+    static let nostrPendingSendQueueCap: Int = 200
+    // Sample interval for the send-queue overflow warning (first + every Nth
+    // dropped event). Drops are ephemeral presence/geo traffic — log-only.
+    static let nostrPendingSendDropLogInterval: Int = 10
+    // Pending (not-yet-flushed) REQs are bounded per relay: oldest-by-insertion
+    // eviction at the cap, plus an age sweep on connect attempts. Durable
+    // subscription intent survives in subscriptionRequestState either way.
+    static let nostrPendingSubscriptionsPerRelayCap: Int = 64
+    static let nostrPendingSubscriptionTTLSeconds: TimeInterval = 600.0
+    // Fallback deadline for treating a subscription's initial fetch as complete
+    // when a relay never sends EOSE (generous to cover Tor circuit setup).
+    static let nostrSubscriptionEOSEFallbackSeconds: TimeInterval = 10.0
+    // After this long, a relay marked permanently failed gets another chance.
+    static let nostrRelayFailureCooldownSeconds: TimeInterval = 600.0
 
     // Geo relay directory
     static let geoRelayFetchIntervalSeconds: TimeInterval = 60 * 60 * 24
@@ -172,8 +208,10 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     static let bleSubscriptionRateLimitWindowSeconds: TimeInterval = 60.0   // Window for tracking subscription attempts
     static let bleSubscriptionRateLimitMaxAttempts: Int = 5                 // Max attempts before extended cooldown
 
-    // Store-and-forward for directed packets at relays
+    // Store-and-forward for directed packets at relays. Spooled packets retry
-    static let bleDirectedSpoolWindowSeconds: TimeInterval = 15.0
+    // on each maintenance flush until the window lapses; a longer window lets
+    // brief link gaps (walking between rooms, reconnect churn) heal themselves.
+    static let bleDirectedSpoolWindowSeconds: TimeInterval = 60.0
 
     // Log/UI debounce windows
     // Shorter debounce so UI reacts faster while still suppressing duplicate callbacks
@@ -183,6 +221,12 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     // Weak-link cooldown after connection timeouts
     static let bleWeakLinkCooldownSeconds: TimeInterval = 30.0
     static let bleWeakLinkRSSICutoff: Int = -90
+    // Rediscovery ignore windows after a failed link, by failure kind:
+    // a connect attempt that timed out means the peer likely isn't reachable,
+    // so back off; a dropped established connection (walked out of range)
+    // usually returns, so only pause long enough for CoreBluetooth to settle.
+    static let bleTimeoutDiscoveryIgnoreSeconds: TimeInterval = 15.0
+    static let bleDisconnectDiscoveryIgnoreSeconds: TimeInterval = 3.0
 
     // Content hashing / formatting
     static let contentKeyPrefixLength: Int = 256

bitchat/Services/UnifiedPeerService.swift

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 //
 
 import BitLogger
+import BitFoundation
 import Foundation
 import Combine
 import SwiftUI

bitchat/Services/VerificationService.swift

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ import Foundation
 final class VerificationService {
     static let shared = VerificationService()
 
-    // Injected Noise service from the running transport (do NOT create new BLEService)
+    // Injected running transport (do NOT create new BLEService). Noise
-    private var noise: NoiseEncryptionService?
+    // identity operations go through the transport's narrow noise* wrappers
-    func configure(with noise: NoiseEncryptionService) { self.noise = noise }
+    // so the raw NoiseEncryptionService is never exposed.
+    private var transport: Transport?
+    func configure(with transport: Transport) { self.transport = transport }
 
     /// Encapsulates the data encoded into a verification QR
     struct VerificationQR: Codable {
@@ -77,16 +79,16 @@ final class VerificationService {
         if let c = Cache.last, c.nick == nickname, c.npub == npub, Date().timeIntervalSince(c.builtAt) < 60 {
             return c.value
         }
-        guard let noise = noise else { return nil }
+        guard let transport = transport else { return nil }
-        let noiseKey = noise.getStaticPublicKeyData().hexEncodedString()
+        let noiseKey = transport.noiseStaticPublicKeyData().hexEncodedString()
-        let signKey = noise.getSigningPublicKeyData().hexEncodedString()
+        let signKey = transport.noiseSigningPublicKeyData().hexEncodedString()
         let ts = Int64(Date().timeIntervalSince1970)
         var nonce = Data(count: 16)
         _ = nonce.withUnsafeMutableBytes { SecRandomCopyBytes(kSecRandomDefault, 16, $0.baseAddress!) }
         let nonceB64 = nonce.base64EncodedString().replacingOccurrences(of: "+", with: "-").replacingOccurrences(of: "/", with: "_").replacingOccurrences(of: "=", with: "")
         let payload = VerificationQR(v: 1, noiseKeyHex: noiseKey, signKeyHex: signKey, npub: npub, nickname: nickname, ts: ts, nonceB64: nonceB64, sigHex: "")
         let msg = payload.canonicalBytes()
-        guard let sig = noise.signData(msg) else { return nil }
+        guard let sig = transport.noiseSignData(msg) else { return nil }
         let signed = VerificationQR(v: payload.v,
                                     noiseKeyHex: payload.noiseKeyHex,
                                     signKeyHex: payload.signKeyHex,
@@ -108,8 +110,8 @@ final class VerificationService {
         if now - Double(qr.ts) > maxAge { return nil }
         // Verify signature using embedded ed25519 signKey
         guard let sig = Data(hexString: qr.sigHex), let signKey = Data(hexString: qr.signKeyHex) else { return nil }
-        guard let noise = noise else { return nil }
+        guard let transport = transport else { return nil }
-        let ok = noise.verifySignature(sig, for: qr.canonicalBytes(), publicKey: signKey)
+        let ok = transport.noiseVerifySignature(sig, for: qr.canonicalBytes(), publicKey: signKey)
         return ok ? qr : nil
     }
 
@@ -133,7 +135,7 @@ final class VerificationService {
         let nk = noiseKeyHex.data(using: .utf8) ?? Data()
         msg.append(UInt8(min(nk.count, 255))); msg.append(nk.prefix(255))
         msg.append(nonceA)
-        guard let noise = noise, let sig = noise.signData(msg) else { return nil }
+        guard let transport = transport, let sig = transport.noiseSignData(msg) else { return nil }
         var tlv = Data()
         tlv.append(0x01); tlv.append(UInt8(min(nk.count, 255))); tlv.append(nk.prefix(255))
         tlv.append(0x02); tlv.append(UInt8(min(nonceA.count, 255))); tlv.append(nonceA.prefix(255))
@@ -178,7 +180,7 @@ final class VerificationService {
         let nk = noiseKeyHex.data(using: .utf8) ?? Data()
         msg.append(UInt8(min(nk.count, 255))); msg.append(nk.prefix(255))
         msg.append(nonceA)
-        guard let noise = noise, let pub = Data(hexString: signerPublicKeyHex) else { return false }
+        guard let transport = transport, let pub = Data(hexString: signerPublicKeyHex) else { return false }
-        return noise.verifySignature(signature, for: msg, publicKey: pub)
+        return transport.noiseVerifySignature(signature, for: msg, publicKey: pub)
     }
 }