Invalidate media deletion callbacks during panic

bitchat/Protocols/BitchatFilePacket.swift

@@ -154,3 +154,90 @@ struct BitchatFilePacket {
         )
     }
 }
+
+/// Wire-compatible identity for private media exchanged by clients using the
+/// current iOS entropy-bearing filenames, without extending the deployed file
+/// TLV. Android clients reject unknown file tags, so eligible senders and
+/// receivers derive the receipt key from fields already on the wire.
+///
+/// Locally-created image and voice-note filenames contain a UUID or live-voice
+/// burst ID. Including the normalized direction keeps a reused filename
+/// distinct across chats while allowing short and full Noise-key peer IDs to
+/// converge. Android and older-iOS timestamp-only names remain ineligible and
+/// retain their legacy random local IDs (transfer-compatible, no receipts).
+enum PrivateMediaMessageIdentity {
+    private static let domain = Data("bitchat-private-media-message-v1".utf8)
+    private static let idPrefix = "media-"
+    private static let digestHexLength = 32
+
+    static func isStableID(_ candidate: String) -> Bool {
+        guard candidate.hasPrefix(idPrefix) else { return false }
+        let digest = candidate.dropFirst(idPrefix.count)
+        guard digest.utf8.count == digestHexLength else { return false }
+        return digest.utf8.allSatisfy { byte in
+            (UInt8(ascii: "0")...UInt8(ascii: "9")).contains(byte)
+                || (UInt8(ascii: "a")...UInt8(ascii: "f")).contains(byte)
+        }
+    }
+
+    static func stableID(
+        senderPeerID: PeerID,
+        recipientPeerID: PeerID,
+        fileName: String?
+    ) -> String? {
+        guard let fileName, !fileName.isEmpty else { return nil }
+        let leafName = (fileName as NSString).lastPathComponent
+        guard leafName == fileName else { return nil }
+
+        let path = leafName as NSString
+        let stem = path.deletingPathExtension
+        let fileExtension = path.pathExtension.lowercased()
+        switch true {
+        case stem.hasPrefix("img_"):
+            guard fileExtension == "jpg" || fileExtension == "jpeg" else { return nil }
+        case stem.hasPrefix("voice_"):
+            guard fileExtension == "m4a" else { return nil }
+        default:
+            return nil
+        }
+        let entropyToken = stem.split(separator: "_").last.map(String.init)
+        let hasUUIDEntropy = entropyToken.flatMap(UUID.init(uuidString:)) != nil
+        let voiceBurstID = stem.hasPrefix("voice_")
+            ? String(stem.dropFirst("voice_".count))
+            : ""
+        let hasBurstEntropy = voiceBurstID.count == 16
+            && voiceBurstID.allSatisfy(\.isHexDigit)
+        guard hasUUIDEntropy || hasBurstEntropy else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        let fields = [
+            Data(senderPeerID.toShort().bare.utf8),
+            Data(recipientPeerID.toShort().bare.utf8),
+            Data(leafName.utf8)
+        ]
+        var input = domain
+        for field in fields {
+            guard let length = UInt32(exactly: field.count) else { return nil }
+            var bigEndianLength = length.bigEndian
+            withUnsafeBytes(of: &bigEndianLength) {
+                input.append(contentsOf: $0)
+            }
+            input.append(field)
+        }
+
+        return "\(idPrefix)\(input.sha256Hex().prefix(digestHexLength))"
+    }
+
+    static func stableID(
+        for packet: BitchatFilePacket,
+        senderPeerID: PeerID,
+        recipientPeerID: PeerID
+    ) -> String? {
+        stableID(
+            senderPeerID: senderPeerID,
+            recipientPeerID: recipientPeerID,
+            fileName: packet.fileName
+        )
+    }
+}

bitchat/Protocols/PeerCapabilities+Local.swift

@@ -3,5 +3,11 @@ import BitFoundation
 extension PeerCapabilities {
     /// Capabilities this build advertises in its announce packets.
     /// Each feature adds its bit here when it ships.
-    static let localSupported: PeerCapabilities = [.vouch, .prekeys, .groups, .privateMedia]
+    static let localSupported: PeerCapabilities = [
+        .vouch,
+        .prekeys,
+        .groups,
+        .privateMedia,
+        .privateMediaReceipts
+    ]
 }

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEFileTransferHandler.swift

@@ -32,10 +32,85 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment {
         _ fallbackExtension: String?,
         _ defaultPrefix: String
     ) -> URL?
+    /// Resolves the durable receiver decision for a stable private-media ID.
+    let privateMediaReceiptState: (
+        _ messageID: String
+    ) -> BLEPrivateMediaReceiptState
+    /// Atomically records a stable private-media ID after the payload save.
+    let commitPrivateMediaFile: (_ messageID: String, _ storedURL: URL) -> Bool
+    /// Rolls back a saved payload when its durable receipt commit fails.
+    let removeIncomingFile: (_ storedURL: URL) -> Void
+    /// Releases the allocator's save-to-UI ownership guard after synchronous
+    /// conversation insertion has completed.
+    let finishIncomingFileDelivery: (_ storedURL: URL) -> Void
+    /// Checks the authenticated sender before any private-media disk work.
+    let isPrivateMediaSenderBlocked: (PeerID) -> Bool
     /// Updates the registry last-seen timestamp for the peer (async barrier write).
     let updatePeerLastSeen: (PeerID) -> Void
-    /// Delivers `.messageReceived` to the UI as one main-actor hop.
+    /// Acknowledges stable private media only after its synchronous
-    let deliverMessage: (BitchatMessage) -> Void
+    /// conversation delivery has completed.
+    let acknowledgePrivateMedia: (_ messageID: String, _ peerID: PeerID) -> Void
+    /// Delivers `.messageReceived` as one main-actor hop while
+    /// `shouldDeliver` remains true before and after the synchronous sink.
+    /// The completion authorizes the stable-media ACK. Finalization runs after
+    /// every delivery attempt, including rejection, so allocator ownership
+    /// cannot leak indefinitely.
+    let deliverMessage: (
+        _ message: BitchatMessage,
+        _ shouldDeliver: @escaping () -> Bool,
+        _ completion: @escaping () -> Void,
+        _ finalization: @escaping (TransportEventDeliveryOutcome) -> Void
+    ) -> Void
+}
+
+/// Process-lifetime reservation cache for stable private-media IDs.
+///
+/// The first arrival reserves its ID before quota enforcement. Concurrent
+/// arrivals remain coalesced in memory, while accepted state is resolved from
+/// the durable ID-to-file ledger so it survives relaunch and becomes retryable
+/// if quota cleanup removed the file.
+private final class PrivateMediaArrivalDeduplicator {
+    enum Reservation {
+        case reserved
+        case pending
+        case accepted(URL)
+        case tombstoned
+        case unavailable
+    }
+
+    private let lock = NSLock()
+    private var pending: Set<String> = []
+
+    func reserve(
+        _ messageID: String,
+        receiptState: () -> BLEPrivateMediaReceiptState
+    ) -> Reservation {
+        lock.lock()
+        defer { lock.unlock() }
+        if pending.contains(messageID) {
+            return .pending
+        }
+
+        switch receiptState() {
+        case .accepted(let existingURL):
+            return .accepted(existingURL)
+        case .tombstoned:
+            return .tombstoned
+        case .unavailable:
+            return .unavailable
+        case .absent:
+            break
+        }
+
+        pending.insert(messageID)
+        return .reserved
+    }
+
+    func finish(_ messageID: String) {
+        lock.lock()
+        defer { lock.unlock() }
+        pending.remove(messageID)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Orchestrates inbound file transfers: self-echo policy, sender display-name
@@ -43,6 +118,7 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment {
 /// and UI delivery.
 final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
     private let environment: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment
+    private let privateMediaArrivals = PrivateMediaArrivalDeduplicator()
 
     init(environment: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment) {
         self.environment = environment
@@ -86,6 +162,7 @@ final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
             senderNickname: senderNickname,
             timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: Double(packet.timestamp) / 1000),
             isPrivate: deliveryPlan.isPrivateMessage,
+            usesDurableReceipts: false,
             env: env
         )
         // Once authenticated, a local decode/quota/save failure is not proof
@@ -116,6 +193,11 @@ final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
             senderNickname: senderNickname,
             timestamp: timestamp,
             isPrivate: true,
+            // Every authenticated Noise private-file keeps the stable ID/ACK
+            // contract introduced with capability bit 8. Bit 9 advertises
+            // sender-side automatic retry support; it must not downgrade
+            // prior iOS clients to random IDs or single-check delivery.
+            usesDurableReceipts: true,
             env: env
         )
     }
@@ -126,9 +208,11 @@ final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
         senderNickname: String,
         timestamp: Date,
         isPrivate: Bool,
+        usesDurableReceipts: Bool,
         env: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment
     ) -> Bool {
 
+        let localPeerID = env.localPeerID()
         let filePacket: BitchatFilePacket
         let mime: MimeType
         switch BLEIncomingFileValidator.validate(payload: payload) {
@@ -149,6 +233,89 @@ final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
             return false
         }
 
+        if isPrivate, env.isPrivateMediaSenderBlocked(peerID) {
+            SecureLogger.debug(
+                "🚫 Dropping private media from blocked peer \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… before disk write",
+                category: .security
+            )
+            return true
+        }
+
+        let messageID = usesDurableReceipts
+            ? PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+                for: filePacket,
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipientPeerID: localPeerID
+            )
+            : nil
+        if let messageID {
+            switch privateMediaArrivals.reserve(
+                messageID,
+                receiptState: { env.privateMediaReceiptState(messageID) }
+            ) {
+            case .reserved:
+                break
+            case .pending:
+                // The first arrival has not reached durable storage yet.
+                // Coalesce this retry without ACKing so a failed first save
+                // remains retryable by the sender.
+                SecureLogger.debug(
+                    "📁 Coalesced in-flight private media id=\(messageID.prefix(12))… from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                return true
+            case .accepted(let existingFile):
+                env.updatePeerLastSeen(peerID)
+                let message = incomingMessage(
+                    messageID: messageID,
+                    senderNickname: senderNickname,
+                    timestamp: timestamp,
+                    isPrivate: true,
+                    peerID: peerID,
+                    destination: existingFile,
+                    category: storedMediaCategory(
+                        for: existingFile,
+                        fallback: mime.category
+                    ),
+                    env: env
+                )
+                SecureLogger.debug(
+                    "📁 Restored durable private media duplicate id=\(messageID.prefix(12))… from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… -> \(existingFile.lastPathComponent)",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                deliverStableMessage(
+                    message,
+                    messageID: messageID,
+                    peerID: peerID,
+                    expectedURL: existingFile,
+                    env: env
+                )
+                return true
+            case .tombstoned:
+                // Explicit deletion is a durable terminal receiver decision.
+                env.updatePeerLastSeen(peerID)
+                env.acknowledgePrivateMedia(messageID, peerID)
+                SecureLogger.debug(
+                    "📁 Dropped explicitly deleted private media id=\(messageID.prefix(12))… from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))…",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                return true
+            case .unavailable:
+                // Never turn an unreadable ledger into an empty ledger. The
+                // sender can retry after the transient storage failure clears.
+                SecureLogger.warning(
+                    "📁 Withholding private media id=\(messageID.prefix(12))… while durable receipt state is unavailable",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                return true
+            }
+        }
+        defer {
+            if let messageID {
+                privateMediaArrivals.finish(messageID)
+            }
+        }
+
         // BCH-01-002: Enforce storage quota before saving
         env.enforceStorageQuota(filePacket.content.count)
 
@@ -162,13 +329,102 @@ final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
             return false
         }
 
+        if let messageID,
+           !env.commitPrivateMediaFile(messageID, destination) {
+            // A payload without its durable ID mapping cannot safely suppress
+            // a retry after relaunch. Roll it back and withhold UI/ACK.
+            env.removeIncomingFile(destination)
+            return false
+        }
+
         if isPrivate {
             env.updatePeerLastSeen(peerID)
         }
 
-        let message = BitchatMessage(
+        let message = incomingMessage(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            senderNickname: senderNickname,
+            timestamp: timestamp,
+            isPrivate: isPrivate,
+            peerID: peerID,
+            destination: destination,
+            category: mime.category,
+            env: env
+        )
+
+        SecureLogger.debug("📁 Stored incoming media from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… -> \(destination.lastPathComponent)", category: .session)
+
+        if let messageID {
+            deliverStableMessage(
+                message,
+                messageID: messageID,
+                peerID: peerID,
+                expectedURL: destination,
+                env: env
+            )
+        } else {
+            env.deliverMessage(
+                message,
+                { true },
+                {},
+                { outcome in
+                    if outcome == .rejected {
+                        // Raw media has no durable receipt that can redeliver
+                        // it later. Do not leave a newly saved, UI-unowned file
+                        // available for a stale fallback path to misidentify.
+                        env.removeIncomingFile(destination)
+                    } else {
+                        // Plain delegates are invoked without synchronous
+                        // insertion confirmation. Preserve the payload for
+                        // that supported delivery path.
+                        env.finishIncomingFileDelivery(destination)
+                    }
+                }
+            )
+        }
+        return true
+    }
+
+    private func deliverStableMessage(
+        _ message: BitchatMessage,
+        messageID: String,
+        peerID: PeerID,
+        expectedURL: URL,
+        env: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment
+    ) {
+        env.deliverMessage(
+            message,
+            {
+                guard case .accepted(let resolvedURL) =
+                        env.privateMediaReceiptState(messageID) else {
+                    return false
+                }
+                return resolvedURL.standardizedFileURL
+                    == expectedURL.standardizedFileURL
+            },
+            {
+                env.acknowledgePrivateMedia(messageID, peerID)
+            },
+            { _ in
+                env.finishIncomingFileDelivery(expectedURL)
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func incomingMessage(
+        messageID: String?,
+        senderNickname: String,
+        timestamp: Date,
+        isPrivate: Bool,
+        peerID: PeerID,
+        destination: URL,
+        category: MimeType.Category,
+        env: BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment
+    ) -> BitchatMessage {
+        BitchatMessage(
+            id: messageID,
             sender: senderNickname,
-            content: "\(mime.category.messagePrefix)\(destination.lastPathComponent)",
+            content: "\(category.messagePrefix)\(destination.lastPathComponent)",
             timestamp: timestamp,
             isRelay: false,
             originalSender: nil,
@@ -176,17 +432,35 @@ final class BLEFileTransferHandler {
             recipientNickname: nil,
             senderPeerID: peerID,
             // Received messages need an explicit status: BitchatMessage
-            // defaults private messages to .sending, which the media views
+            // defaults private messages to .sending, which media views render
-            // render as an in-flight send (empty reveal mask, disabled tap).
+            // as an in-flight send.
             deliveryStatus: isPrivate
                 ? .delivered(to: env.localNickname(), at: timestamp)
                 : nil
         )
+    }
 
-        SecureLogger.debug("📁 Stored incoming media from \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… -> \(destination.lastPathComponent)", category: .session)
+    /// The durable URL is authoritative during reconstruction. A sender that
-
+    /// reuses a stable filename with a different MIME type must not change how
-        env.deliverMessage(message)
+    /// the already-stored payload renders.
-        return true
+    private func storedMediaCategory(
+        for url: URL,
+        fallback: MimeType.Category
+    ) -> MimeType.Category {
+        let mediaDirectory = url
+            .deletingLastPathComponent()
+            .deletingLastPathComponent()
+            .lastPathComponent
+        switch mediaDirectory {
+        case MimeType.Category.audio.mediaDir:
+            return .audio
+        case MimeType.Category.image.mediaDir:
+            return .image
+        case MimeType.Category.file.mediaDir:
+            return .file
+        default:
+            return fallback
+        }
     }
 
     /// Every remaining raw file transfer is signed, regardless of whether it

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEIncomingFileStore.swift

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ struct PanicRecoveryOperations {
     }
 }
 
-struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
+struct BLEIncomingFileStore: @unchecked Sendable {
     enum PanicRecoveryError: Error {
         case externalMarkerCommitFailed
         case markerWriteFailed(Error)
@@ -103,7 +103,17 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         )
     }
 
-    private static let quotaBytes: Int64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024
+    struct PrivateMediaDeletionReservation: Sendable {
+        fileprivate let id: UUID
+    }
+
+    private final class PayloadCoordination: @unchecked Sendable {
+        let lock = NSLock()
+        var pendingDeliveryPaths: Set<String> = []
+        var deletionReservations: [UUID: Set<String>] = [:]
+    }
+
+    private static let defaultQuotaBytes: Int64 = 100 * 1024 * 1024
     /// Kept outside `files/` so deleting the media tree cannot erase the
     /// fail-closed startup decision before the full panic has committed.
     private static let panicRecoveryPendingMarkerFileName =
@@ -120,7 +130,6 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         "files/incoming",
         "files/outgoing"
     ]
-
     /// Name prefix of in-flight live voice captures (progressively written by
     /// `ChatLiveVoiceCoordinator`). Quota eviction skips them by pattern —
     /// deleting one mid-stream unlinks the inode under an open `FileHandle`
@@ -134,6 +143,9 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
     private let baseDirectory: URL?
     private let dateProvider: () -> Date
     private let panicMarkerWriter: (Data, URL) throws -> Void
+    private let quotaBytes: Int64
+    private let privateMediaReceipts: BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore
+    private let payloadCoordination: PayloadCoordination
 
     init(
         fileManager: FileManager = .default,
@@ -141,12 +153,20 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         dateProvider: @escaping () -> Date = Date.init,
         panicMarkerWriter: @escaping (Data, URL) throws -> Void = {
             try $0.write(to: $1, options: .atomic)
-        }
+        },
+        quotaBytes: Int64 = Self.defaultQuotaBytes
     ) {
         self.fileManager = fileManager
         self.baseDirectory = baseDirectory
         self.dateProvider = dateProvider
         self.panicMarkerWriter = panicMarkerWriter
+        self.quotaBytes = max(0, quotaBytes)
+        self.privateMediaReceipts = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            fileManager: fileManager,
+            baseDirectory: baseDirectory,
+            now: dateProvider
+        )
+        self.payloadCoordination = PayloadCoordination()
     }
 
     /// Panic-wipe every managed incoming and outgoing media artifact before
@@ -159,6 +179,22 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
     func panicWipe(
         hasDurablePendingMarker: Bool = false
     ) throws {
+        // The receipt index caches tombstones as well as accepted payloads,
+        // while payload coordination retains save/delete reservations. Always
+        // invalidate both on return, including partial-failure paths, so no
+        // pre-panic receiver decision survives after identity reset.
+        defer {
+            privateMediaReceipts.resetForPanic()
+            payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+            payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths.removeAll(
+                keepingCapacity: false
+            )
+            payloadCoordination.deletionReservations.removeAll(
+                keepingCapacity: false
+            )
+            payloadCoordination.lock.unlock()
+        }
+
         let markerError: Error?
         do {
             try markPanicRecoveryPending()
@@ -240,6 +276,9 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         fallbackExtension: String?,
         defaultPrefix: String
     ) -> URL? {
+        payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+        defer { payloadCoordination.lock.unlock() }
+
         do {
             let base = try filesDirectory().appendingPathComponent(subdirectory, isDirectory: true)
             try fileManager.createDirectory(at: base, withIntermediateDirectories: true, attributes: nil)
@@ -248,8 +287,26 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
                 defaultName: "\(defaultPrefix)_\(Self.timestampString(from: dateProvider()))",
                 fallbackExtension: fallbackExtension
             )
-            let destination = uniqueFileURL(in: base, fileName: sanitized)
+            let reservedPaths = privateMediaReceipts.reservedPayloadPaths()
+            let deletionPaths = payloadCoordination
+                .deletionReservations.values.reduce(into: Set<String>()) {
+                    $0.formUnion($1)
+                }
+            let allocationReservations = deletionPaths.union(
+                payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths
+            )
+            let destination = uniqueFileURL(
+                in: base,
+                fileName: sanitized,
+                reservedPaths: (reservedPaths ?? []).union(
+                    allocationReservations
+                ),
+                forceRandomizedName: reservedPaths == nil
+            )
             try data.write(to: destination, options: .atomic)
+            payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths.insert(
+                destination.standardizedFileURL.path
+            )
             return destination
         } catch {
             SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to persist incoming media: \(error)", category: .session)
@@ -257,12 +314,111 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         }
     }
 
+    func privateMediaReceiptState(
+        messageID: String
+    ) -> BLEPrivateMediaReceiptState {
+        privateMediaReceipts.state(for: messageID)
+    }
+
+    func commitPrivateMediaFile(
+        messageID: String,
+        storedURL: URL
+    ) -> Bool {
+        privateMediaReceipts.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: storedURL
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Reserves every receipt/UI path before the asynchronous deletion
+    /// barrier. Allocation and reservation share one lock, so either an
+    /// in-flight raw arrival is observed and deletion fails closed, or the
+    /// arrival is forced onto a different filename.
+    func reservePrivateMediaDeletion(
+        messageIDs: [String],
+        payloadRelativePaths: [String: String]
+    ) -> PrivateMediaDeletionReservation? {
+        payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+        defer { payloadCoordination.lock.unlock() }
+
+        guard let paths = privateMediaReceipts
+            .prospectiveDeletionPayloadPaths(
+                messageIDs: messageIDs,
+                payloadRelativePaths: payloadRelativePaths
+            ),
+        paths.isDisjoint(
+            with: payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths
+        ) else {
+            return nil
+        }
+
+        let reservation = PrivateMediaDeletionReservation(id: UUID())
+        payloadCoordination.deletionReservations[reservation.id] = paths
+        return reservation
+    }
+
+    func commitPrivateMediaDeletion(
+        reservation: PrivateMediaDeletionReservation,
+        messageIDs: [String],
+        payloadRelativePaths: [String: String],
+        protectedPayloadRelativePaths: Set<String>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+        defer {
+            payloadCoordination.deletionReservations.removeValue(
+                forKey: reservation.id
+            )
+            payloadCoordination.lock.unlock()
+        }
+        guard payloadCoordination.deletionReservations[reservation.id] != nil
+        else {
+            return false
+        }
+        return privateMediaReceipts.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: messageIDs,
+            payloadRelativePaths: payloadRelativePaths,
+            protectedPayloadRelativePaths: protectedPayloadRelativePaths
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Releases the short window between disk save and synchronous
+    /// conversation insertion. Before this callback, a deletion transaction
+    /// may not infer ownership from a stale bubble that names the same path.
+    func finishIncomingFileDelivery(at storedURL: URL) {
+        payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+        defer { payloadCoordination.lock.unlock() }
+        payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths.remove(
+            storedURL.standardizedFileURL.path
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Best-effort rollback for a payload whose durable receipt commit failed.
+    func removeIncomingFile(at storedURL: URL) {
+        payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+        defer { payloadCoordination.lock.unlock() }
+        payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths.remove(
+            storedURL.standardizedFileURL.path
+        )
+        guard isURLInsideFilesDirectory(storedURL) else { return }
+        do {
+            try fileManager.removeItem(at: storedURL)
+        } catch {
+            SecureLogger.warning(
+                "⚠️ Failed to roll back uncommitted incoming media: \(error)",
+                category: .session
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Frees least-recently-modified incoming files until `reservingBytes`
     /// fits under the quota. Files named `voice_live_*` (in-flight live
     /// captures) are never evicted regardless of who triggers enforcement —
     /// a finalized transfer can arrive at quota while a burst is still
     /// streaming — but they still count toward usage.
     func enforceQuota(reservingBytes: Int) {
+        payloadCoordination.lock.lock()
+        defer { payloadCoordination.lock.unlock() }
+
         do {
             let base = try filesDirectory()
             let incomingDirs = [
@@ -288,14 +444,26 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
             }
 
             let currentUsage = allFiles.reduce(0) { $0 + $1.size }
-            let targetUsage = Self.quotaBytes - Int64(reservingBytes)
+            let targetUsage = quotaBytes - Int64(reservingBytes)
             guard currentUsage > targetUsage else { return }
 
             let needToFree = currentUsage - targetUsage
+            let activeDeletionPaths = payloadCoordination
+                .deletionReservations.values.reduce(into: Set<String>()) {
+                    $0.formUnion($1)
+                }
+            let protectedPaths = activeDeletionPaths.union(
+                payloadCoordination.pendingDeliveryPaths
+            )
             var freedSpace: Int64 = 0
             for file in allFiles.sorted(by: { $0.modified < $1.modified }) {
                 guard freedSpace < needToFree else { break }
                 guard !file.url.lastPathComponent.hasPrefix(Self.liveCapturePrefix) else { continue }
+                guard !protectedPaths.contains(
+                    file.url.standardizedFileURL.path
+                ) else {
+                    continue
+                }
                 do {
                     try fileManager.removeItem(at: file.url)
                     freedSpace += file.size
@@ -349,6 +517,13 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         ]
     }
 
+    private func isURLInsideFilesDirectory(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
+        guard let filesDirectory = try? filesDirectory().standardizedFileURL else {
+            return false
+        }
+        return url.standardizedFileURL.path.hasPrefix(filesDirectory.path + "/")
+    }
+
     private func sanitizedFileName(_ name: String?, defaultName: String, fallbackExtension: String?) -> String {
         var candidate = (name ?? "")
             .replacingOccurrences(of: "\0", with: "")
@@ -376,11 +551,20 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
         return candidate.isEmpty ? defaultName : candidate
     }
 
-    private func uniqueFileURL(in directory: URL, fileName: String) -> URL {
+    private func uniqueFileURL(
+        in directory: URL,
+        fileName: String,
+        reservedPaths: Set<String>,
+        forceRandomizedName: Bool
+    ) -> URL {
         let directoryPath = directory.standardizedFileURL.path
         func isInsideDirectory(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
             url.standardizedFileURL.path.hasPrefix(directoryPath + "/")
         }
+        func isAvailable(_ url: URL) -> Bool {
+            !reservedPaths.contains(url.standardizedFileURL.path)
+                && !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: url.path)
+        }
 
         var candidate = directory.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
         guard isInsideDirectory(candidate) else {
@@ -388,19 +572,27 @@ struct BLEIncomingFileStore {
             return directory.appendingPathComponent("blocked_\(UUID().uuidString)")
         }
 
-        if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: candidate.path) {
+        let baseName = (fileName as NSString).deletingPathExtension
+        let ext = (fileName as NSString).pathExtension
+        if forceRandomizedName {
+            let suffix = UUID().uuidString
+            let randomizedName = ext.isEmpty
+                ? "\(baseName)_\(suffix)"
+                : "\(baseName)_\(suffix).\(ext)"
+            return directory.appendingPathComponent(randomizedName)
+        }
+
+        if isAvailable(candidate) {
             return candidate
         }
 
-        let baseName = (fileName as NSString).deletingPathExtension
-        let ext = (fileName as NSString).pathExtension
         for counter in 1..<100 {
             let newName = ext.isEmpty ? "\(baseName) (\(counter))" : "\(baseName) (\(counter)).\(ext)"
             candidate = directory.appendingPathComponent(newName)
             guard isInsideDirectory(candidate) else {
                 return directory.appendingPathComponent("blocked_\(UUID().uuidString)")
             }
-            if !fileManager.fileExists(atPath: candidate.path) {
+            if isAvailable(candidate) {
                 return candidate
             }
         }

bitchat/Services/BLE/BLEService.swift

@@ -1119,6 +1119,51 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
         collectionsQueue.sync { peerRegistry.capabilities(for: peerID) }
     }
 
+    func authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+        to peerID: PeerID
+    ) -> UUID? {
+        let normalizedPeerID = peerID.toShort()
+        let currentNoiseGeneration =
+            noiseService.sessionGeneration(for: normalizedPeerID)
+        return collectionsQueue.sync {
+            guard let generation =
+                    privateMediaSessionGenerations[normalizedPeerID],
+                  generation == currentNoiseGeneration,
+                  let authenticated =
+                    authenticatedPeerStates[normalizedPeerID],
+                  authenticated.sessionGeneration == generation,
+                  authenticated.capabilities.contains(.privateMedia),
+                  authenticated.capabilities.contains(
+                    .privateMediaReceipts
+                  ) else {
+                return nil
+            }
+            return generation
+        }
+    }
+
+    private func privateMediaPolicyFingerprint(
+        for peerID: PeerID,
+        expectedSessionGeneration: UUID?
+    ) -> String? {
+        let normalizedPeerID = peerID.toShort()
+        if let expectedSessionGeneration,
+           noiseService.sessionGeneration(for: normalizedPeerID)
+                == expectedSessionGeneration,
+           let fingerprint = noiseService.getPeerFingerprint(normalizedPeerID),
+           noiseService.sessionGeneration(for: normalizedPeerID)
+                == expectedSessionGeneration {
+            // The exact authenticated Noise static key is stronger than a
+            // registry entry populated by a public announce.
+            return fingerprint
+        }
+        return collectionsQueue.sync {
+            peerRegistry.info(for: normalizedPeerID)?
+                .noisePublicKey?
+                .sha256Fingerprint()
+        }
+    }
+
     func privateMediaSendPolicy(to peerID: PeerID) -> PrivateMediaSendPolicy {
         let normalizedPeerID = peerID.toShort()
         let state: (
@@ -1146,7 +1191,10 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
             return .awaitingCapabilityProof
         }
 
-        guard let fingerprint = state.fingerprint else {
+        guard let fingerprint = privateMediaPolicyFingerprint(
+            for: normalizedPeerID,
+            expectedSessionGeneration: state.sessionGeneration
+        ) ?? state.fingerprint else {
             // A raw fallback must be bound to the stable Noise key from a
             // verified registry entry; a routing ID alone can rotate or be
             // spoofed. Without that key neither proof nor safe migration state
@@ -1200,11 +1248,13 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
                 return
             }
 
-            let fingerprint: String? = self.collectionsQueue.sync {
+            let generation = self.collectionsQueue.sync {
-                self.peerRegistry.info(for: normalizedPeerID)?
+                self.privateMediaSessionGenerations[normalizedPeerID]
-                    .noisePublicKey?
-                    .sha256Fingerprint()
             }
+            let fingerprint = self.privateMediaPolicyFingerprint(
+                for: normalizedPeerID,
+                expectedSessionGeneration: generation
+            )
             guard let fingerprint else {
                 self.completePrivateMediaPolicyResolution([completion], with: .blockedDowngrade)
                 return
@@ -1576,6 +1626,36 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
         to peerID: PeerID,
         transferId: String,
         allowLegacyFallback: Bool
+    ) {
+        sendFilePrivate(
+            filePacket,
+            to: peerID,
+            transferId: transferId,
+            allowLegacyFallback: allowLegacyFallback,
+            requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts: false
+        )
+    }
+
+    func sendFilePrivateReceiptRetry(
+        _ filePacket: BitchatFilePacket,
+        to peerID: PeerID,
+        transferId: String
+    ) {
+        sendFilePrivate(
+            filePacket,
+            to: peerID,
+            transferId: transferId,
+            allowLegacyFallback: false,
+            requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts: true
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func sendFilePrivate(
+        _ filePacket: BitchatFilePacket,
+        to peerID: PeerID,
+        transferId: String,
+        allowLegacyFallback: Bool,
+        requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts: Bool
     ) {
         // Register before enqueueing onto messageQueue. This closes the window
         // where cancel/delete could run first, observe no scheduler state, and
@@ -1688,6 +1768,25 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
                 self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.finish(transferId)
                 return
             }
+            if requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts,
+               self.authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                    to: targetID
+               ) == nil {
+                SecureLogger.warning(
+                    "Private media retry blocked without current authenticated receipt support for \(targetID.id.prefix(8))…",
+                    category: .security
+                )
+                TransferProgressManager.shared.rejectBeforeStart(
+                    id: transferId,
+                    reason: String(
+                        localized: "content.delivery.reason.private_media_capability_unresolved",
+                        defaultValue: "Could not confirm encrypted media support",
+                        comment: "Failure reason when private-media capability negotiation did not resolve"
+                    )
+                )
+                self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.finish(transferId)
+                return
+            }
             guard let typedPayload = BLENoisePayloadFactory.privateFile(filePacket) else {
                 SecureLogger.error("❌ Failed to encode file packet for private send", category: .session)
                 TransferProgressManager.shared.rejectBeforeStart(
@@ -1698,6 +1797,21 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
                 return
             }
             guard self.noiseService.hasEstablishedSession(with: targetID) else {
+                if requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts {
+                    // A retry belongs to one exact authenticated generation.
+                    // Never let it enter the ordinary pending queue where a
+                    // bit-8-only replacement session could later flush it.
+                    TransferProgressManager.shared.rejectBeforeStart(
+                        id: transferId,
+                        reason: String(
+                            localized: "content.delivery.reason.private_media_capability_unresolved",
+                            defaultValue: "Could not confirm encrypted media support",
+                            comment: "Failure reason when private-media capability negotiation did not resolve"
+                        )
+                    )
+                    self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.finish(transferId)
+                    return
+                }
                 let queued = self.collectionsQueue.sync(flags: .barrier) {
                     self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.withActive(transferId) {
                         self.pendingNoiseSessionQueues.appendTypedPayload(
@@ -1729,7 +1843,12 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
                     self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.finish(transferId)
                     return
                 }
-                let packet = try self.makeEncryptedNoisePacket(typedPayload, to: targetID)
+                let packet = try self.makeEncryptedNoisePacket(
+                    typedPayload,
+                    to: targetID,
+                    requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts:
+                        requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts
+                )
                 guard self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.isActive(transferId) else {
                     self.privateMediaTransferAdmissions.finish(transferId)
                     return
@@ -2527,12 +2646,63 @@ final class BLEService: NSObject {
                     defaultPrefix: defaultPrefix
                 )
             },
+            privateMediaReceiptState: { [weak self] messageID in
+                self?.incomingFileStore.privateMediaReceiptState(
+                    messageID: messageID
+                ) ?? .unavailable
+            },
+            commitPrivateMediaFile: { [weak self] messageID, storedURL in
+                self?.incomingFileStore.commitPrivateMediaFile(
+                    messageID: messageID,
+                    storedURL: storedURL
+                ) ?? false
+            },
+            removeIncomingFile: { [weak self] storedURL in
+                self?.incomingFileStore.removeIncomingFile(at: storedURL)
+            },
+            finishIncomingFileDelivery: { [weak self] storedURL in
+                // Serialize pending-owner release behind deletion barriers.
+                // If /clear snapshots before this UI insertion, its already
+                // queued barrier must still observe the path as pending. If
+                // insertion wins first, the next MainActor snapshot sees the
+                // new bubble and protects the path explicitly.
+                self?.messageQueue.async(flags: .barrier) {
+                    self?.incomingFileStore.finishIncomingFileDelivery(
+                        at: storedURL
+                    )
+                }
+            },
+            isPrivateMediaSenderBlocked: { [weak self] peerID in
+                guard let self else { return false }
+                let senderStaticKey = self.noiseService.getPeerPublicKeyData(peerID)
+                    ?? self.collectionsQueue.sync {
+                        self.peerRegistry.info(for: peerID)?.noisePublicKey
+                    }
+                guard let senderStaticKey else { return false }
+                return self.identityManager.isBlocked(
+                    fingerprint: senderStaticKey.sha256Fingerprint()
+                )
+            },
             updatePeerLastSeen: { [weak self] peerID in
                 self?.updatePeerLastSeen(peerID)
             },
-            deliverMessage: { [weak self] message in
+            acknowledgePrivateMedia: { [weak self] messageID, peerID in
-                // Single main-actor hop delivering `.messageReceived`.
+                guard let self,
-                self?.emitTransportEvent(.messageReceived(message))
+                      let senderStaticKey = self.noiseService.getPeerPublicKeyData(peerID),
+                      !self.identityManager.isBlocked(
+                        fingerprint: senderStaticKey.sha256Fingerprint()
+                      ) else {
+                    return
+                }
+                self.sendDeliveryAck(for: messageID, to: peerID)
+            },
+            deliverMessage: { [weak self] message, shouldDeliver, completion, finalization in
+                self?.emitTransportEvent(
+                    .messageReceived(message),
+                    shouldDeliver: shouldDeliver,
+                    completion: completion,
+                    finalization: finalization
+                )
             }
         )
     }
@@ -3322,6 +3492,18 @@ extension BLEService {
         }
     }
 
+    func _test_emitTransportEvent(
+        _ event: TransportEvent,
+        completion: @escaping () -> Void,
+        finalization: @escaping (TransportEventDeliveryOutcome) -> Void
+    ) {
+        emitTransportEvent(
+            event,
+            completion: completion,
+            finalization: finalization
+        )
+    }
+
     func _test_handlePacket(_ packet: BitchatPacket, fromPeerID: PeerID, preseedPeer: Bool = true, signingPublicKey: Data? = nil) {
         if preseedPeer {
             // Ensure the synthetic peer is known and marked verified for public-message tests
@@ -4227,8 +4409,87 @@ extension BLEService {
     // No alias rotation or advertising restarts required.
 }
 
+// MARK: - Private Media Deletion
+
+extension BLEService: PrivateMediaDeletionPersisting {
+    @MainActor
+    func persistDeletedPrivateMedia(
+        messageIDs: [String],
+        payloadRelativePaths: [String: String],
+        protectedPayloadRelativePaths: Set<String>,
+        completion: @escaping @MainActor (Bool) -> Void
+    ) {
+        let fileStore = incomingFileStore
+        messageQueue.async(flags: .barrier) {
+            guard let reservation = fileStore
+                    .reservePrivateMediaDeletion(
+                        messageIDs: messageIDs,
+                        payloadRelativePaths: payloadRelativePaths
+                    ) else {
+                Task { @MainActor in
+                    completion(false)
+                }
+                return
+            }
+            let persisted = fileStore
+                .commitPrivateMediaDeletion(
+                    reservation: reservation,
+                    messageIDs: messageIDs,
+                    payloadRelativePaths: payloadRelativePaths,
+                    protectedPayloadRelativePaths:
+                        protectedPayloadRelativePaths
+                )
+            Task { @MainActor in
+                completion(persisted)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 // MARK: - Private Helpers
 
+enum TransportEventDeliveryOutcome: Equatable {
+    /// A synchronous sink inserted the message and revalidation succeeded.
+    case accepted
+    /// A supported plain delegate was invoked, but insertion cannot be
+    /// confirmed synchronously.
+    case invokedUnconfirmed
+    /// No sink accepted the event, or receipt revalidation rejected it.
+    case rejected
+}
+
+enum TransportEventDeliveryGate {
+    /// Runs finalization exactly once for every attempted main-actor delivery,
+    /// including pre-insertion rejection, a missing/rejecting sink, and
+    /// post-insertion revalidation failure. Only a fully accepted delivery
+    /// runs `completion` (for example, a stable-media ACK).
+    @MainActor
+    static func attempt(
+        shouldDeliver: () -> Bool,
+        deliver: () -> TransportEventDeliveryOutcome,
+        completion: () -> Void,
+        finalization: (TransportEventDeliveryOutcome) -> Void
+    ) {
+        var outcome = TransportEventDeliveryOutcome.rejected
+        defer { finalization(outcome) }
+        guard shouldDeliver() else {
+            return
+        }
+        switch deliver() {
+        case .rejected:
+            return
+        case .invokedUnconfirmed:
+            outcome = .invokedUnconfirmed
+            return
+        case .accepted:
+            break
+        }
+        guard shouldDeliver() else { return }
+        outcome = .accepted
+        completion()
+    }
+}
+
 extension BLEService {
     
     /// Notify UI on the MainActor to satisfy Swift concurrency isolation
@@ -4249,18 +4510,74 @@ extension BLEService {
         }
     }
 
-    private func emitTransportEvent(_ event: TransportEvent) {
+    private func emitTransportEvent(
-        notifyUI { [weak self] in
+        _ event: TransportEvent,
-            self?.deliverTransportEvent(event)
+        shouldDeliver: (() -> Bool)? = nil,
+        completion: (() -> Void)? = nil,
+        finalization: ((TransportEventDeliveryOutcome) -> Void)? = nil
+    ) {
+        guard let generation = capturePanicLifecycleGeneration() else {
+            Task { @MainActor in
+                finalization?(.rejected)
+            }
+            return
+        }
+        Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+            guard let self,
+                  self.isCurrentPanicLifecycleGeneration(generation) else {
+                finalization?(.rejected)
+                return
+            }
+            TransportEventDeliveryGate.attempt(
+                shouldDeliver: {
+                    self.isCurrentPanicLifecycleGeneration(generation)
+                        && (shouldDeliver?() ?? true)
+                },
+                deliver: {
+                    return self.deliverTransportEvent(event)
+                },
+                completion: { completion?() },
+                finalization: { finalization?($0) }
+            )
         }
     }
 
     @MainActor
-    private func deliverTransportEvent(_ event: TransportEvent) {
+    @discardableResult
+    private func deliverTransportEvent(
+        _ event: TransportEvent
+    ) -> TransportEventDeliveryOutcome {
+        if case .messageReceived(let message) = event {
+            if let synchronousDelegate =
+                eventDelegate as? SynchronousMessageTransportEventDelegate {
+                return synchronousDelegate
+                    .didReceiveTransportMessageSynchronously(message)
+                    ? .accepted
+                    : .rejected
+            }
+            if let eventDelegate {
+                eventDelegate.didReceiveTransportEvent(event)
+                return .invokedUnconfirmed
+            }
+            if let synchronousDelegate =
+                delegate as? SynchronousMessageTransportEventDelegate {
+                return synchronousDelegate
+                    .didReceiveTransportMessageSynchronously(message)
+                    ? .accepted
+                    : .rejected
+            }
+        }
+
         if let eventDelegate {
             eventDelegate.didReceiveTransportEvent(event)
+            return .accepted
         } else {
-            delegate?.receiveTransportEvent(event)
+            guard let delegate else { return .rejected }
+            delegate.receiveTransportEvent(event)
+            if case .messageReceived = event {
+                return .invokedUnconfirmed
+            }
+            return .accepted
         }
     }
 
@@ -5062,7 +5379,11 @@ extension BLEService {
         }
     }
 
-    private func makeEncryptedNoisePacket(_ typedPayload: Data, to peerID: PeerID) throws -> BitchatPacket {
+    private func makeEncryptedNoisePacket(
+        _ typedPayload: Data,
+        to peerID: PeerID,
+        requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts: Bool = false
+    ) throws -> BitchatPacket {
         let encrypted: Data
         let isPrivateFile = NoisePayloadType.isPrivateFile(rawValue: typedPayload.first)
         if isPrivateFile {
@@ -5072,6 +5393,13 @@ extension BLEService {
                       let authenticated = authenticatedPeerStates[peerID],
                       authenticated.sessionGeneration == generation,
                       authenticated.capabilities.contains(.privateMedia) else { return nil }
+                if requiresAuthenticatedPrivateMediaReceipts {
+                    guard authenticated.capabilities.contains(
+                        .privateMediaReceipts
+                    ) else {
+                        return nil
+                    }
+                }
                 return generation
             }
             guard let provenGeneration else {

bitchat/Services/Transport.swift

@@ -97,10 +97,30 @@ enum PrivateMediaSendPolicy: Equatable {
     case blockedDowngrade
 }
 
+/// Receiver-only persistence surface for explicit private-media deletion.
+/// Kept separate from `Transport` so sender retry branches can rebase without
+/// inheriting or implementing receiver storage concerns.
+protocol PrivateMediaDeletionPersisting: AnyObject {
+    @MainActor
+    func persistDeletedPrivateMedia(
+        messageIDs: [String],
+        payloadRelativePaths: [String: String],
+        protectedPayloadRelativePaths: Set<String>,
+        completion: @escaping @MainActor (Bool) -> Void
+    )
+}
+
 protocol TransportEventDelegate: AnyObject {
     @MainActor func didReceiveTransportEvent(_ event: TransportEvent)
 }
 
+/// Optional typed-event contract for sinks that can synchronously decide
+/// whether an inbound message was accepted.
+protocol SynchronousMessageTransportEventDelegate: TransportEventDelegate {
+    @MainActor
+    func didReceiveTransportMessageSynchronously(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> Bool
+}
+
 protocol Transport: AnyObject {
     // Event sink
     var delegate: BitchatDelegate? { get set }
@@ -183,6 +203,14 @@ protocol Transport: AnyObject {
         transferId: String,
         allowLegacyFallback: Bool
     )
+    /// Automatic whole-file retry is admitted only while this exact Noise
+    /// generation authenticates bit 9. It must never queue across a session
+    /// replacement or enter the signed raw legacy path.
+    func sendFilePrivateReceiptRetry(
+        _ packet: BitchatFilePacket,
+        to peerID: PeerID,
+        transferId: String
+    )
     func cancelTransfer(_ transferId: String)
 
     // Live voice / push-to-talk (mesh transports only): one encoded
@@ -229,6 +257,11 @@ protocol Transport: AnyObject {
     /// empty for peers that predate the capabilities TLV.
     func peerCapabilities(_ peerID: PeerID) -> PeerCapabilities
     func privateMediaSendPolicy(to peerID: PeerID) -> PrivateMediaSendPolicy
+    /// The exact current Noise generation that authenticated both encrypted
+    /// private media (bit 8) and durable receipts/retry (bit 9).
+    func authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+        to peerID: PeerID
+    ) -> UUID?
     func resolvePrivateMediaSendPolicy(
         to peerID: PeerID,
         completion: @escaping @MainActor (PrivateMediaSendPolicy) -> Void
@@ -304,6 +337,11 @@ extension Transport {
     func broadcastGroupMessage(_ envelope: Data) {}
     func peerCapabilities(_ peerID: PeerID) -> PeerCapabilities { [] }
     func privateMediaSendPolicy(to peerID: PeerID) -> PrivateMediaSendPolicy { .blockedDowngrade }
+    func authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+        to peerID: PeerID
+    ) -> UUID? {
+        nil
+    }
     func resolvePrivateMediaSendPolicy(
         to peerID: PeerID,
         completion: @escaping @MainActor (PrivateMediaSendPolicy) -> Void
@@ -338,6 +376,11 @@ extension Transport {
         guard !allowLegacyFallback else { return }
         sendFilePrivate(packet, to: peerID, transferId: transferId)
     }
+    func sendFilePrivateReceiptRetry(
+        _ packet: BitchatFilePacket,
+        to peerID: PeerID,
+        transferId: String
+    ) {}
     func cancelTransfer(_ transferId: String) {}
 
     func sendMessage(_ content: String, mentions: [String], messageID: String, timestamp: Date) {

bitchat/Services/TransportConfig.swift

@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@ enum TransportConfig {
     static let privateMediaCapabilityProofTimeoutSeconds: TimeInterval = 5
     static let privateMediaCapabilityProofPendingPeerCap: Int = 64
     static let privateMediaCapabilityProofWaitersPerPeerCap: Int = 16
+    /// Accepted private-media receipts and explicit-deletion tombstones each
+    /// receive this independent capacity.
+    static let privateMediaReceivedLedgerCapacity: Int = 4_096
+    /// A bounded retry horizon prevents stable receipt state from growing into
+    /// permanent application history.
+    static let privateMediaReceivedLedgerTTLSeconds: TimeInterval =
+        7 * 24 * 60 * 60
     static let bleFragmentRelayMinDelayMs: Int = 8          // Faster forwarding for media fragments
     static let bleFragmentRelayMaxDelayMs: Int = 25         // Upper jitter bound for fragment relays
     // Fragment relay TTL in sparse graphs; matches messageTTLDefault so media

bitchat/ViewModels/ChatDeliveryCoordinator.swift

@@ -55,6 +55,9 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatDeliveryContext {
 
     func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String) {
         messageRouter.markDelivered(messageID)
+        mediaTransferCoordinator.confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(
+            messageID: messageID
+        )
     }
 }
 

bitchat/ViewModels/ChatLiveVoiceCoordinator.swift

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import Foundation
 @MainActor
 protocol ChatLiveVoiceContext: AnyObject {
     var nickname: String { get }
+    var myPeerID: PeerID { get }
     var selectedPrivateChatPeer: PeerID? { get }
     /// Whether the public mesh timeline is what's on screen (autoplay gate
     /// for public bursts).
@@ -30,6 +31,12 @@ protocol ChatLiveVoiceContext: AnyObject {
     func upsertPublicMeshMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage)
     @discardableResult
     func removePrivateMessage(withID messageID: String) -> BitchatMessage?
+    /// Records and sends the finalized note's read receipt after a live
+    /// bubble adopts its wire-derivable message ID.
+    func hasSentReadReceipt(_ messageID: String) -> Bool
+    @discardableResult
+    func markReadReceiptSent(_ messageID: String) -> Bool
+    func sendMeshReadReceipt(_ receipt: ReadReceipt, to peerID: PeerID)
     /// Removes a message from whichever conversation holds it.
     func removeMessage(withID messageID: String, cleanupFile: Bool)
     /// Publishes who is currently talking live in the public mesh channel
@@ -272,8 +279,16 @@ final class ChatLiveVoiceCoordinator {
         guard let entry = finishedBursts.first(where: { matches($0.key) }) else { return false }
         let finished = entry.value
 
+        // A DM live bubble starts before the finalized file exists and
+        // therefore has a receiver-local random ID. Adopt the finalized
+        // message's deterministic ID so delivery/read ACKs address the same
+        // row as the sender's media placeholder. Public notes retain their
+        // live-bubble ID because public transfers have no private receipts.
+        let replacementID = finished.scope == .directMessage
+            ? message.id
+            : finished.messageID
         let replacement = BitchatMessage(
-            id: finished.messageID,
+            id: replacementID,
             sender: message.sender,
             content: message.content,
             timestamp: finished.messageTimestamp,
@@ -287,7 +302,31 @@ final class ChatLiveVoiceCoordinator {
         )
         switch finished.scope {
         case .directMessage:
+            // Capture read state before rekeying. The user may have read the
+            // live bubble and navigated away before the finalized .m4a lands.
+            let shouldSendAdoptedReadReceipt =
+                context.hasSentReadReceipt(finished.messageID)
+                || context.selectedPrivateChatPeer == finished.peerID
+
+            // Insert first so replacing the only row in a DM never
+            // transiently deletes its conversation, unread state, or current
+            // selection. Then remove the receiver-local live-bubble alias.
             context.upsertPrivateMessage(replacement, in: finished.peerID)
+            if replacementID != finished.messageID {
+                context.removePrivateMessage(withID: finished.messageID)
+            }
+            // The live bubble may already have emitted a receiver-local READ
+            // before the sender created its finalized media row. Re-emit once
+            // for the adopted stable ID now that the file has arrived.
+            if shouldSendAdoptedReadReceipt,
+               context.markReadReceiptSent(replacementID) {
+                let receipt = ReadReceipt(
+                    originalMessageID: replacementID,
+                    readerID: context.myPeerID,
+                    readerNickname: context.nickname
+                )
+                context.sendMeshReadReceipt(receipt, to: finished.peerID)
+            }
         case .publicMesh:
             context.upsertPublicMeshMessage(replacement)
         }

bitchat/ViewModels/ChatPeerListCoordinator.swift

@@ -100,9 +100,14 @@ final class ChatPeerListCoordinator: @unchecked Sendable {
 
     func didUpdatePeerList(_ peers: [PeerID]) {
         Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
-            self?.handlePeerListUpdate(peers)
+            self?.didUpdatePeerListSynchronously(peers)
         }
     }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func didUpdatePeerListSynchronously(_ peers: [PeerID]) {
+        handlePeerListUpdate(peers)
+    }
 }
 
 private extension ChatPeerListCoordinator {

bitchat/ViewModels/ChatTransportEventCoordinator.swift

@@ -163,21 +163,20 @@ final class ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
     }
 
     func didReceiveMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage) {
-        runOnMain { context in
+        runOnMain { [self] context in
-            guard !context.isMessageBlocked(message) else { return }
+            handleReceivedMessage(message, in: context)
-            guard !message.content.trimmed.isEmpty || message.isPrivate else { return }
-
-            if message.isPrivate {
-                context.handlePrivateMessage(message)
-            } else {
-                context.handlePublicMessage(message)
-            }
-
-            context.checkForMentions(message)
-            context.sendHapticFeedback(for: message)
         }
     }
 
+    /// Typed transport events already arrive on the main actor. Handle them
+    /// synchronously so observers see the ConversationStore mutation before
+    /// the transport completes delivery.
+    @MainActor
+    @discardableResult
+    func didReceiveMessageSynchronously(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> Bool {
+        handleReceivedMessage(message, in: context)
+    }
+
     func didReceivePublicMessage(
         from peerID: PeerID,
         nickname: String,
@@ -185,28 +184,36 @@ final class ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
         timestamp: Date,
         messageID: String?
     ) {
-        runOnMain { context in
+        runOnMain { [self] context in
-            let normalized = content.trimmed
+            handlePublicMessage(
-            let mentions = context.parseMentions(from: normalized)
+                from: peerID,
-            let message = BitchatMessage(
+                nickname: nickname,
-                id: messageID,
+                content: content,
-                sender: nickname,
-                content: normalized,
                 timestamp: timestamp,
-                isRelay: false,
+                messageID: messageID,
-                originalSender: nil,
+                in: context
-                isPrivate: false,
-                recipientNickname: nil,
-                senderPeerID: peerID,
-                mentions: mentions.isEmpty ? nil : mentions
             )
-
-            context.handlePublicMessage(message)
-            context.checkForMentions(message)
-            context.sendHapticFeedback(for: message)
         }
     }
 
+    @MainActor
+    func didReceivePublicMessageSynchronously(
+        from peerID: PeerID,
+        nickname: String,
+        content: String,
+        timestamp: Date,
+        messageID: String?
+    ) {
+        handlePublicMessage(
+            from: peerID,
+            nickname: nickname,
+            content: content,
+            timestamp: timestamp,
+            messageID: messageID,
+            in: context
+        )
+    }
+
     func didReceiveNoisePayload(
         from peerID: PeerID,
         type: NoisePayloadType,
@@ -224,59 +231,134 @@ final class ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
         }
     }
 
+    @MainActor
+    func didReceiveNoisePayloadSynchronously(
+        from peerID: PeerID,
+        type: NoisePayloadType,
+        payload: Data,
+        timestamp: Date
+    ) {
+        handleNoisePayload(
+            from: peerID,
+            type: type,
+            payload: payload,
+            timestamp: timestamp,
+            in: context
+        )
+    }
+
     func didConnectToPeer(_ peerID: PeerID) {
-        SecureLogger.debug("🤝 Peer connected: \(peerID)", category: .session)
+        runOnMain { [weak self] _ in
-
+            self?.didConnectToPeerSynchronously(peerID)
-        runOnMain { context in
-            context.isConnected = true
-            context.registerEphemeralSession(peerID: peerID)
-            context.notifyUIChanged()
-
-            if let peer = context.unifiedPeer(for: peerID) {
-                let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: peer.noisePublicKey)
-                context.cacheStablePeerID(stablePeerID, for: peerID)
-            }
-
-            context.flushRouterOutbox(for: peerID)
-            context.retryCourierDeposits(via: peerID)
         }
     }
 
+    @MainActor
+    func didConnectToPeerSynchronously(_ peerID: PeerID) {
+        SecureLogger.debug("🤝 Peer connected: \(peerID)", category: .session)
+
+        context.isConnected = true
+        context.registerEphemeralSession(peerID: peerID)
+        context.notifyUIChanged()
+
+        if let peer = context.unifiedPeer(for: peerID) {
+            let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: peer.noisePublicKey)
+            context.cacheStablePeerID(stablePeerID, for: peerID)
+        }
+
+        context.flushRouterOutbox(for: peerID)
+        context.retryCourierDeposits(via: peerID)
+    }
+
     func didDisconnectFromPeer(_ peerID: PeerID) {
+        runOnMain { [weak self] _ in
+            self?.didDisconnectFromPeerSynchronously(peerID)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func didDisconnectFromPeerSynchronously(_ peerID: PeerID) {
         SecureLogger.debug("👋 Peer disconnected: \(peerID)", category: .session)
 
-        runOnMain { context in
+        context.removeEphemeralSession(peerID: peerID)
-            context.removeEphemeralSession(peerID: peerID)
 
-            var stablePeerID = context.cachedStablePeerID(for: peerID)
+        var stablePeerID = context.cachedStablePeerID(for: peerID)
-            if stablePeerID == nil,
+        if stablePeerID == nil,
-               let key = context.noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for: peerID) {
+           let key = context.noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for: peerID) {
-                let derivedPeerID = PeerID(hexData: key)
+            let derivedPeerID = PeerID(hexData: key)
-                context.cacheStablePeerID(derivedPeerID, for: peerID)
+            context.cacheStablePeerID(derivedPeerID, for: peerID)
-                stablePeerID = derivedPeerID
+            stablePeerID = derivedPeerID
-            }
-
-            if let currentPeerID = context.selectedPrivateChatPeer,
-               currentPeerID == peerID,
-               let stablePeerID {
-                self.migrateSelectedConversationIfNeeded(
-                    from: peerID,
-                    to: stablePeerID,
-                    in: context
-                )
-            }
-
-            let receiptIDs = context.privateMessages(for: peerID)
-                .filter { $0.senderPeerID == peerID }
-                .map(\.id)
-            context.unmarkReadReceiptsSent(receiptIDs)
-
-            context.notifyUIChanged()
         }
+
+        if let currentPeerID = context.selectedPrivateChatPeer,
+           currentPeerID == peerID,
+           let stablePeerID {
+            migrateSelectedConversationIfNeeded(
+                from: peerID,
+                to: stablePeerID,
+                in: context
+            )
+        }
+
+        let receiptIDs = context.privateMessages(for: peerID)
+            .filter { $0.senderPeerID == peerID }
+            .map(\.id)
+        context.unmarkReadReceiptsSent(receiptIDs)
+
+        context.notifyUIChanged()
     }
 }
 
 private extension ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
+    @MainActor
+    func handlePublicMessage(
+        from peerID: PeerID,
+        nickname: String,
+        content: String,
+        timestamp: Date,
+        messageID: String?,
+        in context: any ChatTransportEventContext
+    ) {
+        let normalized = content.trimmed
+        let mentions = context.parseMentions(from: normalized)
+        let message = BitchatMessage(
+            id: messageID,
+            sender: nickname,
+            content: normalized,
+            timestamp: timestamp,
+            isRelay: false,
+            originalSender: nil,
+            isPrivate: false,
+            recipientNickname: nil,
+            senderPeerID: peerID,
+            mentions: mentions.isEmpty ? nil : mentions
+        )
+
+        context.handlePublicMessage(message)
+        context.checkForMentions(message)
+        context.sendHapticFeedback(for: message)
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    @discardableResult
+    func handleReceivedMessage(
+        _ message: BitchatMessage,
+        in context: any ChatTransportEventContext
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard !context.isMessageBlocked(message) else { return false }
+        guard !message.content.trimmed.isEmpty || message.isPrivate else { return false }
+
+        if message.isPrivate {
+            context.handlePrivateMessage(message)
+        } else {
+            context.handlePublicMessage(message)
+        }
+
+        context.checkForMentions(message)
+        context.sendHapticFeedback(for: message)
+        return true
+    }
+
     func runOnMain(_ action: @escaping @MainActor (any ChatTransportEventContext) -> Void) {
         Task { @MainActor [weak context = self.context] in
             guard let context else { return }

bitchat/ViewModels/ChatVerificationCoordinator.swift

@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ protocol ChatVerificationContext: AnyObject {
     func noiseStaticPublicKeyData() -> Data
     func hasEstablishedNoiseSession(with peerID: PeerID) -> Bool
     func triggerHandshake(with peerID: PeerID)
+    func privateMediaPeerDidAuthenticate(_ peerID: PeerID)
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)
     func sendVerifyResponse(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)
 
@@ -116,6 +117,10 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatVerificationContext {
         meshService.noiseStaticPublicKeyData()
     }
 
+    func privateMediaPeerDidAuthenticate(_ peerID: PeerID) {
+        mediaTransferCoordinator.peerDidAuthenticate(peerID.toShort())
+    }
+
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {
         meshService.sendVerifyChallenge(to: peerID, noiseKeyHex: noiseKeyHex, nonceA: nonceA)
     }
@@ -129,6 +134,10 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatVerificationContext {
     }
 }
 
+extension ChatVerificationContext {
+    func privateMediaPeerDidAuthenticate(_ peerID: PeerID) {}
+}
+
 @MainActor
 final class ChatVerificationCoordinator {
     struct PendingVerification {
@@ -197,6 +206,7 @@ final class ChatVerificationCoordinator {
                     guard let self else { return }
 
                     SecureLogger.debug("🔐 Authenticated: \(peerID)", category: .security)
+                    self.context.privateMediaPeerDidAuthenticate(peerID)
 
                     if self.context.isVerifiedFingerprint(fingerprint) {
                         self.context.setEncryptionStatus(.noiseVerified, for: peerID)

bitchat/ViewModels/ChatViewModel.swift

@@ -109,10 +109,20 @@ struct PanicNetworkLifecycle {
     }
 }
 
+private struct PendingPrivateChatClear {
+    let peerID: PeerID
+    let sourceConversationID: ConversationID
+    let messages: [BitchatMessage]
+    let otherMessageIDs: Set<String>
+    let localPeerID: PeerID
+    let nickname: String
+    let outgoingMedia: [BitchatMessage]
+}
+
 /// Manages the application state and business logic for BitChat.
 /// Acts as the primary coordinator between UI components and backend services,
 /// implementing the BitchatDelegate protocol to handle network events.
-final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDelegate, CommandContextProvider, GeohashParticipantContext, MessageFormattingContext {
+final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, SynchronousMessageTransportEventDelegate, CommandContextProvider, GeohashParticipantContext, MessageFormattingContext {
     // Use MessageFormattingEngine.Patterns for regex matching (shared, precompiled)
     typealias Patterns = MessageFormattingEngine.Patterns
 
@@ -376,6 +386,11 @@ final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDele
     @Published var bluetoothAlertMessage = ""
     @Published var bluetoothState: CBManagerState = .unknown
     @Published private(set) var legacyPrivateMediaConsentRequest: LegacyPrivateMediaConsentRequest?
+    @MainActor private var queuedPrivateChatClears: [
+        PendingPrivateChatClear
+    ] = []
+    @MainActor private var privateChatClearInFlight = false
+    @MainActor private var privateChatClearGeneration: UInt64 = 0
     private var pendingLegacyPrivateMediaConsents: [PendingLegacyPrivateMediaConsent] = []
 
     private func performDeliveryUpdate(_ update: @escaping @MainActor (ChatDeliveryCoordinator) -> Void) {
@@ -495,6 +510,12 @@ final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDele
         }
     }
 
+    /// Whether a read receipt has already been recorded for `messageID`.
+    @MainActor
+    func hasSentReadReceipt(_ messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        sentReadReceipts.contains(messageID)
+    }
+
     /// Records that a read receipt is being sent for `messageID`.
     /// Returns `false` when one was already recorded — the caller must skip sending.
     @MainActor
@@ -637,7 +658,271 @@ final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDele
     /// Empties the peer's chat but keeps the conversation alive (`/clear`).
     @MainActor
     func clearPrivateChat(_ peerID: PeerID) {
-        conversations.clear(.directPeer(peerID))
+        let sourceConversationID = ConversationID.directPeer(peerID)
+        // An active live-voice row owns an open FileHandle and may be
+        // republished as frames/final media arrive. Treat it like an in-flight
+        // arrival rather than unlinking its capture or removing its bubble.
+        let messages = privateMessages(for: peerID).filter {
+            !liveVoiceCoordinator.isLiveVoiceMessage($0)
+        }
+        let localPeerID = meshService.myPeerID.toShort()
+        let currentNickname = nickname
+        let mediaPrefixes = [
+            MimeType.Category.audio.messagePrefix,
+            MimeType.Category.image.messagePrefix,
+            MimeType.Category.file.messagePrefix
+        ]
+        let outgoingMedia = messages.filter { message in
+            guard mediaPrefixes.contains(where: {
+                message.content.hasPrefix($0)
+            }) else {
+                return false
+            }
+            if let senderPeerID = message.senderPeerID {
+                return senderPeerID.toShort() == localPeerID
+            }
+            return message.sender == currentNickname
+                || message.sender.hasPrefix(currentNickname + "#")
+        }
+
+        // Send ownership is canceled at command time even when another clear
+        // transaction is ahead in the queue. UI and files remain untouched
+        // until this request's receiver journal commit succeeds.
+        for message in outgoingMedia {
+            mediaTransferCoordinator
+                .cancelMediaTransferForConversationClear(
+                    messageID: message.id
+                )
+        }
+
+        queuedPrivateChatClears.append(PendingPrivateChatClear(
+            peerID: peerID,
+            sourceConversationID: sourceConversationID,
+            messages: messages,
+            otherMessageIDs: Set(
+                privateChats
+                    .filter { $0.key != peerID }
+                    .flatMap { $0.value.map(\.id) }
+            ),
+            localPeerID: localPeerID,
+            nickname: currentNickname,
+            outgoingMedia: outgoingMedia
+        ))
+        startNextPrivateChatClearIfNeeded()
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    private func startNextPrivateChatClearIfNeeded() {
+        guard !privateChatClearInFlight,
+              !queuedPrivateChatClears.isEmpty else {
+            return
+        }
+        privateChatClearInFlight = true
+        let request = queuedPrivateChatClears.removeFirst()
+        let generation = privateChatClearGeneration
+        performPrivateChatClear(
+            request,
+            generation: generation
+        ) { [weak self] in
+            guard let self,
+                  self.privateChatClearGeneration == generation else {
+                return
+            }
+            self.privateChatClearInFlight = false
+            self.startNextPrivateChatClearIfNeeded()
+        }
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    private func performPrivateChatClear(
+        _ request: PendingPrivateChatClear,
+        generation: UInt64,
+        completion: @escaping @MainActor () -> Void
+    ) {
+        guard privateChatClearGeneration == generation else {
+            completion()
+            return
+        }
+        let peerID = request.peerID
+        let selectedConversationID = request.sourceConversationID
+        let messagesToClear = request.messages
+        guard !messagesToClear.isEmpty else {
+            completion()
+            return
+        }
+
+        // Capture the transaction's exact UI set before any off-main receipt
+        // I/O. Messages arriving while the journal is written are not part of
+        // this command and must remain visible.
+        let capturedMessageIDs = Set(messagesToClear.map(\.id))
+        let survivingMessageIDs = request.otherMessageIDs
+        let mediaPrefixes = [
+            MimeType.Category.audio.messagePrefix,
+            MimeType.Category.image.messagePrefix,
+            MimeType.Category.file.messagePrefix
+        ]
+        let localPeerID = request.localPeerID
+        let isMedia: (BitchatMessage) -> Bool = { message in
+            mediaPrefixes.contains(where: message.content.hasPrefix)
+        }
+        let isFromMe: (BitchatMessage) -> Bool = { [nickname = request.nickname] message in
+            if let senderPeerID = message.senderPeerID {
+                return senderPeerID.toShort() == localPeerID
+            }
+            return message.sender == nickname
+                || message.sender.hasPrefix(nickname + "#")
+        }
+
+        let outgoingMedia = request.outgoingMedia
+        let outgoingMediaIDs = Set(outgoingMedia.map(\.id))
+
+        let capturedExclusiveIDs =
+            capturedMessageIDs.subtracting(survivingMessageIDs)
+        let capturedIncomingMedia = messagesToClear.filter {
+            isMedia($0) && !isFromMe($0)
+        }
+        let capturedStableMediaIDs = Set(
+            capturedIncomingMedia.compactMap { message in
+                PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.isStableID(message.id)
+                    ? message.id
+                    : nil
+            }
+        )
+
+        func currentRemovalPlan() -> [ConversationID: Set<String>] {
+            // Identity handoff removes the source conversation and inserts its
+            // rows elsewhere. The old source may then be recreated by a new
+            // arrival before journal I/O finishes, so always scan all direct
+            // conversations. Only IDs exclusive at command time may follow a
+            // migration; shared aliases remain outside the source.
+            var plan: [ConversationID: Set<String>] = [:]
+            for (conversationID, conversation) in
+                conversations.conversationsByID {
+                guard case .direct = conversationID else { continue }
+                let eligibleIDs = conversationID == selectedConversationID
+                    ? capturedMessageIDs
+                    : capturedExclusiveIDs
+                let matchingIDs = Set(conversation.messages.map(\.id))
+                    .intersection(eligibleIDs)
+                if !matchingIDs.isEmpty {
+                    plan[conversationID] = matchingIDs
+                }
+            }
+            return plan
+        }
+
+        func hasRemainingCopy(
+            of messageID: String,
+            after plan: [ConversationID: Set<String>]
+        ) -> Bool {
+            conversations.conversationsByID.contains { conversationID, conversation in
+                guard case .direct = conversationID else { return false }
+                return conversation.messages.contains { message in
+                    message.id == messageID
+                        && plan[conversationID]?.contains(messageID) != true
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        @MainActor
+        func continueClear(
+            persisted: Bool,
+            durableStableIDs: Set<String>
+        ) {
+            guard privateChatClearGeneration == generation else {
+                completion()
+                return
+            }
+            guard persisted else {
+                SecureLogger.error(
+                    "Refusing to clear private chat without durable media tombstones peer=\(peerID.id.prefix(8))…",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                completion()
+                return
+            }
+
+            let plan = currentRemovalPlan()
+            let newlyLastStableIDs = Set(
+                capturedStableMediaIDs.filter {
+                    !durableStableIDs.contains($0)
+                        && !hasRemainingCopy(of: $0, after: plan)
+                }
+            )
+            if !newlyLastStableIDs.isEmpty {
+                persistDeletedPrivateMedia(
+                    messageIDs: Array(newlyLastStableIDs).sorted()
+                ) { persisted in
+                    continueClear(
+                        persisted: persisted,
+                        durableStableIDs:
+                            durableStableIDs.union(newlyLastStableIDs)
+                    )
+                }
+                return
+            }
+
+            // A stable receiver tombstone is global for that message ID.
+            // Remove any alias that arrived while journal I/O was in flight.
+            if !durableStableIDs.isEmpty {
+                let directConversationIDs = conversations
+                    .conversationsByID.keys.filter {
+                        if case .direct = $0 { return true }
+                        return false
+                    }
+                for conversationID in directConversationIDs {
+                    conversations.removeMessages(from: conversationID) {
+                        durableStableIDs.contains($0.id)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            for message in outgoingMedia {
+                mediaTransferCoordinator.cleanupOutgoingLocalFile(
+                    forMessage: message
+                )
+            }
+            if !outgoingMediaIDs.isEmpty {
+                let directConversationIDs = conversations
+                    .conversationsByID.keys.filter {
+                        if case .direct = $0 { return true }
+                        return false
+                    }
+                for conversationID in directConversationIDs {
+                    conversations.removeMessages(from: conversationID) {
+                        outgoingMediaIDs.contains($0.id)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Stable payload cleanup belongs entirely to the durable receiver
+            // journal. Legacy/raw incoming payloads have no durable identity,
+            // so their basenames may already belong to a pending new arrival;
+            // leave those files for bounded quota cleanup.
+            let finalPlan = currentRemovalPlan()
+
+            for (conversationID, messageIDs) in finalPlan {
+                conversations.removeMessages(from: conversationID) {
+                    messageIDs.contains($0.id)
+                }
+            }
+            completion()
+        }
+
+        let initialPlan = currentRemovalPlan()
+        let initialStableIDs = Set(
+            capturedStableMediaIDs.filter {
+                !hasRemainingCopy(of: $0, after: initialPlan)
+            }
+        )
+        persistDeletedPrivateMedia(
+            messageIDs: Array(initialStableIDs).sorted()
+        ) { persisted in
+            continueClear(
+                persisted: persisted,
+                durableStableIDs: initialStableIDs
+            )
+        }
     }
 
     /// Removes the peer's chat entirely, including unread state.
@@ -1269,6 +1554,9 @@ final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDele
         // handles before clearing state or removing the media directory.
         mediaTransferCoordinator.resetForPanic()
         liveVoiceCoordinator.resetForPanic()
+        privateChatClearGeneration &+= 1
+        queuedPrivateChatClears.removeAll(keepingCapacity: false)
+        privateChatClearInFlight = false
 
         // Deny and release any clear-media confirmations before identities,
         // message state, and local files are wiped.
@@ -1701,7 +1989,82 @@ final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDele
 
     @MainActor
     func didReceiveTransportEvent(_ event: TransportEvent) {
-        receiveTransportEvent(event)
+        switch event {
+        case .messageReceived(let message):
+            _ = didReceiveTransportMessageSynchronously(message)
+
+        case let .publicMessageReceived(
+            peerID,
+            nickname,
+            content,
+            timestamp,
+            messageID
+        ):
+            transportEventCoordinator.didReceivePublicMessageSynchronously(
+                from: peerID,
+                nickname: nickname,
+                content: content,
+                timestamp: timestamp,
+                messageID: messageID
+            )
+
+        case let .noisePayloadReceived(peerID, type, payload, timestamp):
+            transportEventCoordinator.didReceiveNoisePayloadSynchronously(
+                from: peerID,
+                type: type,
+                payload: payload,
+                timestamp: timestamp
+            )
+
+        case let .groupMessageReceived(payload, timestamp):
+            groupCoordinator.handleGroupMessagePayload(
+                payload,
+                timestamp: timestamp
+            )
+
+        case let .publicVoiceFrameReceived(
+            peerID,
+            nickname,
+            payload,
+            timestamp
+        ):
+            liveVoiceCoordinator.handlePublicVoiceFramePayload(
+                from: peerID,
+                nickname: nickname,
+                payload: payload,
+                timestamp: timestamp
+            )
+
+        case .peerConnected(let peerID):
+            transportEventCoordinator.didConnectToPeerSynchronously(peerID)
+            mediaTransferCoordinator.peerDidReconnect(peerID)
+
+        case .peerDisconnected(let peerID):
+            transportEventCoordinator.didDisconnectFromPeerSynchronously(peerID)
+
+        case .peerListUpdated(let peers):
+            peerListCoordinator.didUpdatePeerListSynchronously(peers)
+            // A peer-list update follows every verified announce, which is
+            // where a peer's `.vouch` capability actually arrives.
+            vouchCoordinator.peersUpdated(peers)
+
+        case .peerSnapshotsUpdated:
+            break
+
+        case let .messageDeliveryStatusUpdated(messageID, status):
+            deliveryCoordinator.didUpdateMessageDeliveryStatus(
+                messageID,
+                status: status
+            )
+
+        case .bluetoothStateUpdated(let state):
+            updateBluetoothState(state)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func didReceiveTransportMessageSynchronously(_ message: BitchatMessage) -> Bool {
+        transportEventCoordinator.didReceiveMessageSynchronously(message)
     }
 
     func didReceiveMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage) {
@@ -1764,6 +2127,9 @@ final class ChatViewModel: ObservableObject, BitchatDelegate, TransportEventDele
 
     func didConnectToPeer(_ peerID: PeerID) {
         transportEventCoordinator.didConnectToPeer(peerID)
+        Task { @MainActor [weak self] in
+            self?.mediaTransferCoordinator.peerDidReconnect(peerID)
+        }
     }
 
     func didDisconnectFromPeer(_ peerID: PeerID) {

bitchatTests/BLEServiceCoreTests.swift

@@ -1030,6 +1030,44 @@ struct BLEServiceCoreTests {
         ))
     }
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func panicSuspension_finalizesStaleTransportEventsAsRejected() async {
+        let ble = makeService()
+        let delegate = TransportEventCaptureDelegate()
+        ble.eventDelegate = delegate
+        let message = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "pre-panic-finalization",
+            sender: "Peer",
+            content: "must be rejected",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: "Me",
+            senderPeerID: PeerID(str: "1122334455667788")
+        )
+        var completions = 0
+        var outcomes: [TransportEventDeliveryOutcome] = []
+
+        ble._test_emitTransportEvent(
+            .messageReceived(message),
+            completion: { completions += 1 },
+            finalization: { outcomes.append($0) }
+        )
+        ble.suspendForPanicReset()
+        ble._test_emitTransportEvent(
+            .messageReceived(message),
+            completion: { completions += 1 },
+            finalization: { outcomes.append($0) }
+        )
+        for _ in 0..<4 {
+            await Task.yield()
+        }
+
+        #expect(delegate.messageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(completions == 0)
+        #expect(outcomes == [.rejected, .rejected])
+    }
+
     @Test
     func modifiedServices_rediscoverWhenBitChatServiceIsInvalidated() async throws {
         let otherService = CBUUID(string: "0000180F-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB")

bitchatTests/ChatLiveVoiceCoordinatorTests.swift

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import BitFoundation
 @MainActor
 private final class MockChatLiveVoiceContext: ChatLiveVoiceContext {
     var nickname = "me"
+    var myPeerID = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
     var selectedPrivateChatPeer: PeerID?
     var isViewingPublicMeshTimeline = false
     var blockedPeers: Set<PeerID> = []
@@ -23,7 +24,10 @@ private final class MockChatLiveVoiceContext: ChatLiveVoiceContext {
     private(set) var upsertedMessages: [(message: BitchatMessage, peerID: PeerID)] = []
     private(set) var upsertedPublicMessages: [BitchatMessage] = []
     private(set) var removedMessageIDs: [String] = []
+    private(set) var sentReadReceipts: [(receipt: ReadReceipt, peerID: PeerID)] = []
     private(set) var talkerUpdates: [String?] = []
+    private(set) var privateMutationLog: [String] = []
+    private var readReceiptMessageIDs: Set<String> = []
 
     func isPeerBlocked(_ peerID: PeerID) -> Bool { blockedPeers.contains(peerID) }
     func resolveNickname(for peerID: PeerID) -> String { "alice" }
@@ -31,6 +35,7 @@ private final class MockChatLiveVoiceContext: ChatLiveVoiceContext {
     func appendPublicMeshMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage) { appendedPublicMessages.append(message) }
     func upsertPrivateMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage, in peerID: PeerID) {
         upsertedMessages.append((message, peerID))
+        privateMutationLog.append("upsert:\(message.id)")
     }
     func upsertPublicMeshMessage(_ message: BitchatMessage) {
         upsertedPublicMessages.append(message)
@@ -38,8 +43,18 @@ private final class MockChatLiveVoiceContext: ChatLiveVoiceContext {
     @discardableResult
     func removePrivateMessage(withID messageID: String) -> BitchatMessage? {
         removedMessageIDs.append(messageID)
+        privateMutationLog.append("remove:\(messageID)")
         return nil
     }
+    func hasSentReadReceipt(_ messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        readReceiptMessageIDs.contains(messageID)
+    }
+    func markReadReceiptSent(_ messageID: String) -> Bool {
+        readReceiptMessageIDs.insert(messageID).inserted
+    }
+    func sendMeshReadReceipt(_ receipt: ReadReceipt, to peerID: PeerID) {
+        sentReadReceipts.append((receipt, peerID))
+    }
     func removeMessage(withID messageID: String, cleanupFile: Bool) {
         removedMessageIDs.append(messageID)
     }
@@ -151,17 +166,29 @@ struct ChatLiveVoiceCoordinatorTests {
 
     @Test func absorbsFinalizedNoteIntoLiveBubble() throws {
         let context = MockChatLiveVoiceContext()
+        context.selectedPrivateChatPeer = peer
         let coordinator = ChatLiveVoiceCoordinator(context: context, sweepsOnInit: false)
         let burstID = makeBurstID(0xB2)
         let hex = burstID.hexEncodedString()
+        let fileName = "voice_\(hex).m4a"
+        let stableMessageID = try #require(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: peer,
+            recipientPeerID: context.myPeerID,
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
 
         send(try #require(VoiceBurstPacket(burstID: burstID, seq: 1, kind: .frames([Data(repeating: 7, count: 50)]))), to: coordinator, from: peer)
         send(try #require(VoiceBurstPacket(burstID: burstID, seq: 2, kind: .end(totalDataPackets: 1, durationMs: 64))), to: coordinator, from: peer)
         let bubble = try #require(context.handledPrivateMessages.first)
+        // The user read the live bubble, then left before the finalized file
+        // arrived. Stable-ID adoption must preserve that read state.
+        #expect(context.markReadReceiptSent(bubble.id))
+        context.selectedPrivateChatPeer = nil
 
         let note = BitchatMessage(
+            id: stableMessageID,
             sender: "alice",
-            content: "[voice] voice_\(hex).m4a",
+            content: "[voice] \(fileName)",
             timestamp: Date(),
             isRelay: false,
             isPrivate: true,
@@ -170,12 +197,21 @@ struct ChatLiveVoiceCoordinatorTests {
         )
         #expect(coordinator.absorbFinalizedVoiceNote(note))
 
-        // The note replaced the live bubble in place: same message ID, new
+        // The finalized note adopts the sender-correlatable ID, removes the
-        // content, partial capture deleted.
+        // receiver-local live ID, and emits a fresh READ now that the sender
+        // has created its finalized media row.
         let replacement = try #require(context.upsertedMessages.last)
-        #expect(replacement.message.id == bubble.id)
+        #expect(replacement.message.id == stableMessageID)
         #expect(replacement.message.content == note.content)
         #expect(replacement.peerID == peer)
+        #expect(context.removedMessageIDs.contains(bubble.id))
+        #expect(Array(context.privateMutationLog.suffix(2)) == [
+            "upsert:\(stableMessageID)",
+            "remove:\(bubble.id)"
+        ])
+        #expect(context.sentReadReceipts.count == 1)
+        #expect(context.sentReadReceipts.first?.receipt.originalMessageID == stableMessageID)
+        #expect(context.sentReadReceipts.first?.peerID == peer)
         // The promoted partial capture is deleted in favor of the note.
         let url = try #require(fallbackFileURL(burstID: burstID, peerID: peer))
         #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: url.path))
@@ -449,7 +485,8 @@ struct ChatLiveVoiceCoordinatorTests {
             isRelay: false, isPrivate: true, recipientNickname: "me", senderPeerID: peer
         )
         #expect(coordinator.absorbFinalizedVoiceNote(dmNote))
-        #expect(try #require(context.upsertedMessages.last).message.id == dmBubble.id)
+        #expect(try #require(context.upsertedMessages.last).message.id == dmNote.id)
+        #expect(context.removedMessageIDs.contains(dmBubble.id))
     }
 
     @Test func finalizedNoteBindsToItsAuthenticatedSender() throws {
@@ -479,8 +516,9 @@ struct ChatLiveVoiceCoordinatorTests {
         )
         #expect(coordinator.absorbFinalizedVoiceNote(note))
         let replacement = try #require(context.upsertedMessages.last)
-        #expect(replacement.message.id == victimBubble.id)
+        #expect(replacement.message.id == note.id)
         #expect(replacement.peerID == peer)
+        #expect(context.removedMessageIDs.contains(victimBubble.id))
 
         // The attacker's note can only ever claim the attacker's own bubble.
         let attackerNote = BitchatMessage(
@@ -489,8 +527,9 @@ struct ChatLiveVoiceCoordinatorTests {
         )
         #expect(coordinator.absorbFinalizedVoiceNote(attackerNote))
         let attackerReplacement = try #require(context.upsertedMessages.last)
-        #expect(attackerReplacement.message.id == attackerBubble.id)
+        #expect(attackerReplacement.message.id == attackerNote.id)
         #expect(attackerReplacement.peerID == attacker)
+        #expect(context.removedMessageIDs.contains(attackerBubble.id))
 
         // Both registry entries are consumed — nothing left to hijack.
         #expect(!coordinator.absorbFinalizedVoiceNote(note))

bitchatTests/ChatPeerListCoordinatorContextTests.swift

@@ -104,6 +104,20 @@ private func makeMessage(id: String, senderPeerID: PeerID? = nil) -> BitchatMess
 /// no `ChatViewModel`.
 struct ChatPeerListCoordinatorContextTests {
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func synchronousPeerListUpdate_appliesBeforeReturning() {
+        let context = MockChatPeerListContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatPeerListCoordinator(context: context)
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0011223344556677")
+
+        coordinator.didUpdatePeerListSynchronously([peerID])
+
+        #expect(context.isConnected)
+        #expect(context.registeredEphemeralSessions == [peerID])
+        #expect(context.updateEncryptionStatusForPeersCount == 1)
+        #expect(context.cleanupOldReadReceiptsCount == 1)
+    }
+
     @Test @MainActor
     func didUpdatePeerList_updatesConnectionSessionsAndEncryptionStatus() async {
         let context = MockChatPeerListContext()

bitchatTests/ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests.swift

@@ -220,26 +220,85 @@ struct ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests {
     func didReceiveMessage_routesPrivateAndPublic_skipsBlockedAndEmpty() async {
         let context = MockChatTransportEventContext()
         let coordinator = ChatTransportEventCoordinator(context: context)
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "1122334455667788")
 
         // Blocked messages are dropped before any handling.
-        context.blockedMessageIDs = ["blocked"]
+        context.blockedMessageIDs = ["blocked", "blocked-private"]
         coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(id: "blocked"))
+        coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(
+            id: "blocked-private",
+            isPrivate: true,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        ))
         // Empty public content is dropped too.
         coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(id: "empty", content: "   "))
         await drainMainActorTasks()
         #expect(context.handledPublicMessages.isEmpty)
         #expect(context.handledPrivateMessages.isEmpty)
         #expect(context.mentionCheckedMessageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(context.meshDeliveryAcks.isEmpty)
 
         // Private goes to the private handler, public to the public handler;
-        // both get mention checks and haptics.
+        // both get mention checks and haptics. Stable-media ACK authorization
-        coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(id: "pm", isPrivate: true))
+        // belongs to BLEFileTransferHandler after its durable commit and this
+        // synchronous acceptance result, not to the generic UI coordinator.
+        let stableMediaID = "media-\(String(repeating: "a", count: 32))"
+        coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(
+            id: stableMediaID,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        ))
+        coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(
+            id: "legacy-media",
+            isPrivate: true,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        ))
+        coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(id: "pm-missing-sender", isPrivate: true))
         coordinator.didReceiveMessage(makeMessage(id: "pub"))
         await drainMainActorTasks()
-        #expect(context.handledPrivateMessages.map(\.id) == ["pm"])
+        #expect(context.handledPrivateMessages.map(\.id) == [
+            stableMediaID,
+            "legacy-media",
+            "pm-missing-sender"
+        ])
         #expect(context.handledPublicMessages.map(\.id) == ["pub"])
-        #expect(context.mentionCheckedMessageIDs == ["pm", "pub"])
+        #expect(context.mentionCheckedMessageIDs == [
-        #expect(context.hapticMessageIDs == ["pm", "pub"])
+            stableMediaID,
+            "legacy-media",
+            "pm-missing-sender",
+            "pub"
+        ])
+        #expect(context.hapticMessageIDs == [
+            stableMediaID,
+            "legacy-media",
+            "pm-missing-sender",
+            "pub"
+        ])
+        #expect(context.meshDeliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func synchronousMessageDeliveryReportsAcceptanceForAckGating() {
+        let context = MockChatTransportEventContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatTransportEventCoordinator(context: context)
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "1122334455667788")
+        let blocked = makeMessage(
+            id: "blocked-private-media",
+            isPrivate: true,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+        context.blockedMessageIDs = [blocked.id]
+
+        #expect(coordinator.didReceiveMessageSynchronously(blocked) == false)
+        #expect(context.handledPrivateMessages.isEmpty)
+
+        let accepted = makeMessage(
+            id: "accepted-private-media",
+            isPrivate: true,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+        #expect(coordinator.didReceiveMessageSynchronously(accepted) == true)
+        #expect(context.handledPrivateMessages.map(\.id) == [accepted.id])
     }
 
     @Test @MainActor
@@ -295,6 +354,32 @@ struct ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests {
         #expect(context.notifyUIChangedCount == 2)
     }
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func synchronousConnectAndDisconnect_applyBeforeReturning() {
+        let context = MockChatTransportEventContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatTransportEventCoordinator(context: context)
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "2233445566778899")
+        let incoming = makeMessage(
+            id: "incoming-receipt",
+            isPrivate: true,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+        context.privateChats[peerID] = [incoming]
+
+        coordinator.didConnectToPeerSynchronously(peerID)
+
+        #expect(context.isConnected)
+        #expect(context.registeredEphemeralSessions == [peerID])
+        #expect(context.flushedOutboxPeerIDs == [peerID])
+        #expect(context.courierRetryPeerIDs == [peerID])
+
+        coordinator.didDisconnectFromPeerSynchronously(peerID)
+
+        #expect(context.removedEphemeralSessions == [peerID])
+        #expect(context.unmarkedReadReceiptBatches == [[incoming.id]])
+        #expect(context.notifyUIChangedCount == 2)
+    }
+
     @Test @MainActor
     func didDisconnect_whileViewingChat_migratesConversationToStablePeerID() async {
         let context = MockChatTransportEventContext()

bitchatTests/ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests.swift

@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ private final class MockChatVerificationContext: ChatVerificationContext {
     var noiseSessionKeysByPeerID: [PeerID: Data] = [:]
     private(set) var installedCallbacks: (onPeerAuthenticated: (PeerID, String) -> Void, onHandshakeRequired: (PeerID) -> Void)?
     private(set) var triggeredHandshakes: [PeerID] = []
+    private(set) var privateMediaAuthenticatedPeers: [PeerID] = []
     private(set) var sentChallenges: [(peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)] = []
     private(set) var sentResponses: [(peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)] = []
 
@@ -113,6 +114,9 @@ private final class MockChatVerificationContext: ChatVerificationContext {
         establishedNoiseSessions.contains(peerID)
     }
     func triggerHandshake(with peerID: PeerID) { triggeredHandshakes.append(peerID) }
+    func privateMediaPeerDidAuthenticate(_ peerID: PeerID) {
+        privateMediaAuthenticatedPeers.append(peerID)
+    }
 
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {
         sentChallenges.append((peerID, noiseKeyHex, nonceA))
@@ -277,6 +281,7 @@ struct ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests {
         #expect(context.encryptionStatuses[peerID] == .noiseVerified)
         #expect(context.stablePeerIDCache[peerID] == PeerID(hexData: noiseKey))
         #expect(context.invalidatedEncryptionCachePeers.contains(peerID))
+        #expect(context.privateMediaAuthenticatedPeers == [peerID])
 
         // Handshake required -> handshaking status.
         callbacks?.onHandshakeRequired(peerID)

bitchatTests/ChatViewModelTests.swift

@@ -864,6 +864,80 @@ struct ChatViewModelPublicConversationTests {
 
 struct ChatViewModelPeerTests {
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func typedPeerLifecycleEvents_applyBeforeReturning() {
+        let (viewModel, _) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "1122334455667788")
+        let incoming = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "typed-peer-incoming",
+            sender: "Alice",
+            content: "Hello",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([incoming], for: peerID)
+        viewModel.sentReadReceipts.insert(incoming.id)
+
+        viewModel.didReceiveTransportEvent(.peerConnected(peerID))
+
+        #expect(viewModel.isConnected)
+
+        viewModel.didReceiveTransportEvent(.peerDisconnected(peerID))
+
+        #expect(!viewModel.sentReadReceipts.contains(incoming.id))
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func typedPeerListDeliveryAndBluetoothEvents_applyBeforeReturning() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let stalePeer = PeerID(str: "00000000000000a2")
+        let deliveryPeer = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let messageID = "typed-delivery-status"
+        let delivered = DeliveryStatus.delivered(
+            to: "Alice",
+            at: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        )
+        let outgoing = BitchatMessage(
+            id: messageID,
+            sender: viewModel.nickname,
+            content: "On the way",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: "Alice",
+            senderPeerID: transport.myPeerID,
+            deliveryStatus: .sent
+        )
+        viewModel.markPrivateChatUnread(stalePeer)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([outgoing], for: deliveryPeer)
+
+        viewModel.didReceiveTransportEvent(.peerListUpdated([]))
+        #expect(!viewModel.unreadPrivateMessages.contains(stalePeer))
+
+        viewModel.didReceiveTransportEvent(
+            .messageDeliveryStatusUpdated(
+                messageID: messageID,
+                status: delivered
+            )
+        )
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateMessages(for: deliveryPeer).first?.deliveryStatus
+                == delivered
+        )
+
+        viewModel.didReceiveTransportEvent(.bluetoothStateUpdated(.poweredOff))
+        #expect(viewModel.bluetoothState == .poweredOff)
+        #expect(viewModel.showBluetoothAlert)
+
+        // Snapshot events belong to TransportPeerEventsDelegate and are
+        // intentionally ignored at this typed sink.
+        viewModel.didReceiveTransportEvent(.peerSnapshotsUpdated([]))
+        #expect(viewModel.bluetoothState == .poweredOff)
+    }
+
     @Test @MainActor
     func didConnectToPeer_notifiesDelegate() async {
         let (_, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
@@ -1120,6 +1194,759 @@ struct ChatViewModelBluetoothTests {
     }
 }
 
+// MARK: - Private Media Deletion Tests
+
+struct ChatViewModelPrivateMediaDeletionTests {
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func deleteMediaMessageTombstonesIncomingButNotOutgoingStableMedia() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "8", count: 64))
+        let incomingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "e", count: 32))"
+        let outgoingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "f", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: incomingID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "incoming.jpg"
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: outgoingID,
+                sender: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: transport.myPeerID,
+                recipient: "Peer",
+                filename: "outgoing.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+
+        viewModel.deleteMediaMessage(messageID: outgoingID)
+        #expect(transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.isEmpty)
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.map(\.id) == [incomingID])
+
+        viewModel.deleteMediaMessage(messageID: incomingID)
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [[incomingID]]
+        )
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths
+                == [[incomingID: "images/incoming/incoming.jpg"]]
+        )
+        #expect((viewModel.privateChats[peerID] ?? []).isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func stableDeleteProtectsPathSharedWithLegacyBubble() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult = false
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "6", count: 64))
+        let stableID = "media-\(String(repeating: "5", count: 32))"
+        let legacyID = UUID().uuidString
+        let filename = "shared-migration.jpg"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: stableID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: filename
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: legacyID,
+                sender: "Old client",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: filename
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+
+        viewModel.deleteMediaMessage(messageID: stableID)
+
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [[stableID]]
+        )
+        #expect(transport.deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths == [[:]])
+        #expect(
+            transport.protectedPrivateMediaRelativePaths == [[
+                "images/incoming/\(filename)"
+            ]]
+        )
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == [stableID, legacyID]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func legacyIncomingDeleteLeavesAmbiguousPayloadForQuota() throws {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "3", count: 64))
+        let incoming = try FileManager.default.url(
+            for: .applicationSupportDirectory,
+            in: .userDomainMask,
+            appropriateFor: nil,
+            create: true
+        )
+        .appendingPathComponent(
+            "files/images/incoming",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: incoming,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let payload = incoming.appendingPathComponent(
+            "legacy-delete-\(UUID().uuidString).jpg"
+        )
+        try Data([0x01]).write(to: payload)
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: payload) }
+        let legacyID = UUID().uuidString
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: legacyID,
+                sender: "Old client",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: payload.lastPathComponent
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+
+        viewModel.deleteMediaMessage(messageID: legacyID)
+
+        #expect(transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.isEmpty)
+        #expect((viewModel.privateChats[peerID] ?? []).isEmpty)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearPrivateChatTombstonesIncomingAndCancelsOutgoingBeforeClear() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "1", count: 64))
+        let incomingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "a", count: 32))"
+        let outgoingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "b", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: incomingID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "incoming.jpg"
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: outgoingID,
+                sender: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: transport.myPeerID,
+                recipient: "Peer",
+                filename: "outgoing.jpg"
+            ),
+            BitchatMessage(
+                id: "ordinary-message",
+                sender: "Peer",
+                content: "hello",
+                timestamp: Date(),
+                isRelay: false,
+                isPrivate: true,
+                recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: peerID
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+        viewModel.registerTransfer(
+            transferId: "outgoing-clear-transfer",
+            messageID: outgoingID
+        )
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(peerID)
+
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [[incomingID]]
+        )
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths
+                == [[incomingID: "images/incoming/incoming.jpg"]]
+        )
+        #expect(
+            transport.cancelledTransfers == ["outgoing-clear-transfer"]
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.messageIDToTransferId[outgoingID] == nil)
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.isEmpty == true)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearPrivateChatPreservesCapturedMessagesWhenTombstoneFails() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult = false
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "2", count: 64))
+        let incomingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "c", count: 32))"
+        let outgoingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "7", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: incomingID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "incoming.jpg"
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: outgoingID,
+                sender: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: transport.myPeerID,
+                recipient: "Peer",
+                filename: "outgoing.jpg"
+            ),
+            BitchatMessage(
+                id: "ordinary-message",
+                sender: "Peer",
+                content: "keep me on failure",
+                timestamp: Date(),
+                isRelay: false,
+                isPrivate: true,
+                recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: peerID
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+        viewModel.registerTransfer(
+            transferId: "failed-clear-outgoing",
+            messageID: outgoingID
+        )
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(peerID)
+
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [[incomingID]]
+        )
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == [incomingID, outgoingID, "ordinary-message"]
+        )
+        #expect(transport.cancelledTransfers == ["failed-clear-outgoing"])
+        #expect(viewModel.messageIDToTransferId[outgoingID] == nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearFailurePreservesSameNameIncomingPayload() throws {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult = false
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "7", count: 64))
+        let incomingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "8", count: 32))"
+        let outgoingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "9", count: 32))"
+        let filename = "clear-collision-\(UUID().uuidString).jpg"
+        let filesDirectory = try FileManager.default.url(
+            for: .applicationSupportDirectory,
+            in: .userDomainMask,
+            appropriateFor: nil,
+            create: true
+        )
+        .appendingPathComponent("files/images", isDirectory: true)
+        let incomingDirectory = filesDirectory.appendingPathComponent(
+            "incoming",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        let outgoingDirectory = filesDirectory.appendingPathComponent(
+            "outgoing",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: incomingDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: outgoingDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let incomingURL = incomingDirectory.appendingPathComponent(filename)
+        let outgoingURL = outgoingDirectory.appendingPathComponent(filename)
+        try Data("incoming".utf8).write(to: incomingURL, options: .atomic)
+        try Data("outgoing".utf8).write(to: outgoingURL, options: .atomic)
+        defer {
+            try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: incomingURL)
+            try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: outgoingURL)
+        }
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: incomingID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: filename
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: outgoingID,
+                sender: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: transport.myPeerID,
+                recipient: "Peer",
+                filename: filename
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(peerID)
+
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: incomingURL.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: outgoingURL.path))
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths
+                == [[incomingID: "images/incoming/\(filename)"]]
+        )
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == [incomingID, outgoingID]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearPrivateChatPreservesArrivalDuringTombstoneIO() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = true
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "3", count: 64))
+        let incomingID = "media-\(String(repeating: "d", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: incomingID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: peerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "incoming.jpg"
+            ),
+            BitchatMessage(
+                id: "captured-text",
+                sender: "Peer",
+                content: "old",
+                timestamp: Date(),
+                isRelay: false,
+                isPrivate: true,
+                recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: peerID
+            )
+        ], for: peerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(peerID)
+        let arrival = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "concurrent-arrival",
+            sender: "Peer",
+            content: "new",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.appendPrivateMessage(arrival, to: peerID))
+
+        transport.resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(true)
+
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == ["concurrent-arrival"]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearPrivateChatPreservesActiveLiveVoiceAssembly() throws {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "7", count: 64))
+        viewModel.selectedPrivateChatPeer = peerID
+        let burstID = Data(
+            repeating: 0xE1,
+            count: VoiceBurstPacket.burstIDSize
+        )
+        let start = try #require(VoiceBurstPacket(
+            burstID: burstID,
+            seq: 0,
+            kind: .start(codec: .aacLC16kMono)
+        ))
+        let cancel = try #require(VoiceBurstPacket(
+            burstID: burstID,
+            seq: 1,
+            kind: .canceled
+        ))
+        let coordinator = viewModel.liveVoiceCoordinator
+        defer {
+            coordinator.handleVoiceFramePayload(
+                from: peerID,
+                payload: cancel.encode(),
+                timestamp: Date()
+            )
+        }
+        coordinator.handleVoiceFramePayload(
+            from: peerID,
+            payload: start.encode(),
+            timestamp: Date()
+        )
+        let liveMessage = try #require(
+            viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.first
+        )
+        #expect(coordinator.isLiveVoiceMessage(liveMessage))
+        let ordinary = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "clear-around-live-voice",
+            sender: "Peer",
+            content: "old text",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+            senderPeerID: peerID
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.appendPrivateMessage(ordinary, to: peerID))
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(peerID)
+
+        #expect(transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.isEmpty)
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[peerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == [liveMessage.id]
+        )
+        #expect(coordinator.isLiveVoiceMessage(liveMessage))
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func overlappingClearsTombstoneTheLastMirroredStableAlias() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = true
+        let firstPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "b", count: 64))
+        let secondPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "c", count: 64))
+        let sharedID = "media-\(String(repeating: "1", count: 32))"
+        let firstUniqueID = "media-\(String(repeating: "2", count: 32))"
+        let secondUniqueID = "media-\(String(repeating: "3", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: sharedID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: firstPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "shared.jpg"
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: firstUniqueID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: firstPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "first.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: sharedID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: secondPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "shared.jpg"
+            ),
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: secondUniqueID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: secondPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "second.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: secondPeerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(secondPeerID)
+        let queuedArrival = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "arrival-after-queued-clear",
+            sender: "Peer",
+            content: "new",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+            senderPeerID: secondPeerID
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.appendPrivateMessage(
+            queuedArrival,
+            to: secondPeerID
+        ))
+
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches
+                == [[firstUniqueID]]
+        )
+
+        transport.resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(true)
+
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [
+                [firstUniqueID],
+                [secondUniqueID, sharedID].sorted()
+            ]
+        )
+
+        transport.resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(true)
+
+        #expect((viewModel.privateChats[firstPeerID] ?? []).isEmpty)
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[secondPeerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == ["arrival-after-queued-clear"]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearFollowsCapturedRowsAcrossPeerIdentityMigration() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = true
+        let sourcePeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "d", count: 64))
+        let destinationPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "e", count: 64))
+        let thirdPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "f", count: 64))
+        let stableID = "media-\(String(repeating: "4", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.selectedPrivateChatPeer = sourcePeerID
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: stableID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: sourcePeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "migrated.jpg"
+            ),
+            BitchatMessage(
+                id: "captured-before-migration",
+                sender: "Peer",
+                content: "old",
+                timestamp: Date(),
+                isRelay: false,
+                isPrivate: true,
+                recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: sourcePeerID
+            )
+        ], for: sourcePeerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(sourcePeerID)
+        viewModel.migratePrivateChat(
+            from: sourcePeerID,
+            to: destinationPeerID
+        )
+        viewModel.selectedPrivateChatPeer = thirdPeerID
+        let arrival = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "arrival-after-migration",
+            sender: "Peer",
+            content: "new",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+            senderPeerID: destinationPeerID
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.appendPrivateMessage(
+            arrival,
+            to: destinationPeerID
+        ))
+
+        transport.resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(true)
+
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[destinationPeerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == ["arrival-after-migration"]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearFollowsMigrationWhenOldSourceIsRecreated() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = true
+        let sourcePeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "1", count: 64))
+        let destinationPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "2", count: 64))
+        let stableID = "media-\(String(repeating: "6", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: stableID,
+                sender: "Peer",
+                senderPeerID: sourcePeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "migrated-recreated.jpg"
+            ),
+            BitchatMessage(
+                id: "captured-before-recreation",
+                sender: "Peer",
+                content: "old",
+                timestamp: Date(),
+                isRelay: false,
+                isPrivate: true,
+                recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+                senderPeerID: sourcePeerID
+            )
+        ], for: sourcePeerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(sourcePeerID)
+        viewModel.migratePrivateChat(
+            from: sourcePeerID,
+            to: destinationPeerID
+        )
+        let recreatedArrival = BitchatMessage(
+            id: "arrival-recreating-source",
+            sender: "Peer",
+            content: "new",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: viewModel.nickname,
+            senderPeerID: sourcePeerID
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.appendPrivateMessage(
+            recreatedArrival,
+            to: sourcePeerID
+        ))
+
+        transport.resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(true)
+
+        #expect(
+            (viewModel.privateChats[destinationPeerID] ?? []).isEmpty
+        )
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[sourcePeerID]?.map(\.id)
+                == ["arrival-recreating-source"]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearPrivateChatKeepsMediaReferencedByAnotherConversation() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let firstPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "4", count: 64))
+        let aliasPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "5", count: 64))
+        let messageID = "media-\(String(repeating: "6", count: 32))"
+        let message = privateMediaMessage(
+            id: messageID,
+            sender: "Peer",
+            senderPeerID: firstPeerID,
+            recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+            filename: "mirrored.jpg"
+        )
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([message], for: firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([message], for: aliasPeerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(firstPeerID)
+
+        #expect(transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.isEmpty)
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[firstPeerID]?.isEmpty == true)
+        #expect(
+            viewModel.privateChats[aliasPeerID]?.map(\.id) == [messageID]
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func clearPrivateChatLeavesAmbiguousLegacyFileForQuotaCleanup()
+        throws {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let firstPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "9", count: 64))
+        let aliasPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "a", count: 64))
+        let incomingDirectory = try FileManager.default.url(
+            for: .applicationSupportDirectory,
+            in: .userDomainMask,
+            appropriateFor: nil,
+            create: true
+        )
+        .appendingPathComponent("files/images/incoming", isDirectory: true)
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: incomingDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let fileURL = incomingDirectory.appendingPathComponent(
+            "legacy-clear-\(UUID().uuidString).jpg"
+        )
+        try Data("legacy-image".utf8).write(to: fileURL, options: .atomic)
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL) }
+        let message = privateMediaMessage(
+            id: UUID().uuidString,
+            sender: "Old client",
+            senderPeerID: firstPeerID,
+            recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+            filename: fileURL.lastPathComponent
+        )
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([message], for: firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([message], for: aliasPeerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(firstPeerID)
+
+        #expect(transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.isEmpty)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.path))
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[aliasPeerID]?.map(\.id) == [message.id])
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(aliasPeerID)
+
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: fileURL.path))
+        #expect((viewModel.privateChats[aliasPeerID] ?? []).isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func panicInvalidatesActiveAndQueuedPrivateChatClears() {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        transport.deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = true
+        let firstPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "4", count: 64))
+        let secondPeerID = PeerID(str: String(repeating: "5", count: 64))
+        let firstID = "media-\(String(repeating: "6", count: 32))"
+        let secondID = "media-\(String(repeating: "7", count: 32))"
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: firstID,
+                sender: "First",
+                senderPeerID: firstPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "first-pre-panic.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: secondID,
+                sender: "Second",
+                senderPeerID: secondPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "second-pre-panic.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: secondPeerID)
+
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.clearPrivateChat(secondPeerID)
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [[firstID]]
+        )
+
+        _ = viewModel.panicClearAllData(restartServices: false)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: firstID,
+                sender: "First",
+                senderPeerID: firstPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "first-post-panic.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: firstPeerID)
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat([
+            privateMediaMessage(
+                id: secondID,
+                sender: "Second",
+                senderPeerID: secondPeerID,
+                recipient: viewModel.nickname,
+                filename: "second-post-panic.jpg"
+            )
+        ], for: secondPeerID)
+
+        transport.resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(true)
+
+        #expect(
+            transport.deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches == [[firstID]]
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[firstPeerID]?.map(\.id) == [firstID])
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[secondPeerID]?.map(\.id) == [secondID])
+    }
+
+    private func privateMediaMessage(
+        id: String,
+        sender: String,
+        senderPeerID: PeerID,
+        recipient: String,
+        filename: String
+    ) -> BitchatMessage {
+        BitchatMessage(
+            id: id,
+            sender: sender,
+            content: "\(MimeType.Category.image.messagePrefix)\(filename)",
+            timestamp: Date(),
+            isRelay: false,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            recipientNickname: recipient,
+            senderPeerID: senderPeerID
+        )
+    }
+}
+
 // MARK: - Panic Clear Tests
 
 struct ChatViewModelPanicTests {

bitchatTests/EndToEnd/PrivateMediaEndToEndTests.swift

@@ -364,6 +364,217 @@ struct PrivateMediaEndToEndTests {
         #expect(alice.privateMediaSendPolicy(to: bob.myPeerID) == .legacyRequiresConsent)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    func privateMediaRetryRequiresExactAuthenticatedBit9Proof() async throws {
+        let root = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "private-media-receipt-proof-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let alice = makeService(
+            baseDirectory: root.appendingPathComponent(
+                "alice",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        )
+        let bob = makeService(
+            baseDirectory: root.appendingPathComponent(
+                "bob",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        )
+        let bothCapabilities: PeerCapabilities = [
+            .privateMedia,
+            .privateMediaReceipts
+        ]
+
+        // A public bit-9 announce is discovery only.
+        alice._test_seedConnectedPeer(
+            bob.myPeerID,
+            nickname: "Bob",
+            capabilities: bothCapabilities,
+            noisePublicKey: bob.noiseStaticPublicKeyData()
+        )
+        #expect(
+            alice.authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                to: bob.myPeerID
+            ) == nil
+        )
+
+        let proofs = try await establishSessionCapturingPeerState(
+            alice: alice,
+            bob: bob
+        )
+        #expect(
+            alice.authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                to: bob.myPeerID
+            ) == nil
+        )
+
+        // Bit 8 alone preserves encrypted transfer compatibility but cannot
+        // authorize automatic resend.
+        let privateMediaOnly = try authenticatedPeerStatePacket(
+            from: bob,
+            to: alice,
+            capabilities: .privateMedia
+        )
+        alice._test_handlePacket(
+            privateMediaOnly,
+            fromPeerID: bob.myPeerID
+        )
+        #expect(await TestHelpers.waitUntil(
+            {
+                alice.privateMediaSendPolicy(to: bob.myPeerID)
+                    == .encrypted
+            },
+            timeout: TestConstants.longTimeout
+        ))
+        #expect(
+            alice.authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                to: bob.myPeerID
+            ) == nil
+        )
+
+        let receiptCapable = try authenticatedPeerStatePacket(
+            from: bob,
+            to: alice,
+            capabilities: bothCapabilities
+        )
+        alice._test_handlePacket(
+            receiptCapable,
+            fromPeerID: bob.myPeerID
+        )
+        #expect(await TestHelpers.waitUntil(
+            {
+                alice.authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                    to: bob.myPeerID
+                ) != nil
+            },
+            timeout: TestConstants.longTimeout
+        ))
+
+        bob._test_handlePacket(
+            proofs.alice,
+            fromPeerID: alice.myPeerID
+        )
+        alice._test_onOutboundPacket = nil
+        bob._test_onOutboundPacket = nil
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func receiptRetryRechecksBit9AtDeferredTransportBoundary() async throws {
+        let root = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "private-media-retry-proof-race-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let alice = makeService(
+            baseDirectory: root.appendingPathComponent(
+                "alice",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        )
+        let bob = makeService(
+            baseDirectory: root.appendingPathComponent(
+                "bob",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        )
+        let receiptCapabilities: PeerCapabilities = [
+            .privateMedia,
+            .privateMediaReceipts
+        ]
+        alice._test_seedConnectedPeer(
+            bob.myPeerID,
+            nickname: "Bob",
+            capabilities: receiptCapabilities,
+            noisePublicKey: bob.noiseStaticPublicKeyData()
+        )
+        bob._test_seedConnectedPeer(
+            alice.myPeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            capabilities: receiptCapabilities,
+            noisePublicKey: alice.noiseStaticPublicKeyData()
+        )
+        try await establishSession(alice: alice, bob: bob)
+        #expect(
+            alice.authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                to: bob.myPeerID
+            ) != nil
+        )
+
+        let privateMediaOnly = try authenticatedPeerStatePacket(
+            from: bob,
+            to: alice,
+            capabilities: .privateMedia
+        )
+        let transferID =
+            "receipt-proof-race-\(UUID().uuidString)"
+        let tap = PacketTap()
+        let boundaryProofs = ReceiptCapabilityRecorder()
+        let rejections = TransferCancellationRecorder()
+        let cancellable = TransferProgressManager.shared.publisher.sink {
+            rejections.record($0)
+        }
+        alice._test_onOutboundPacket = tap.record
+        alice._test_beforePrivateMediaDeferredSend = { id in
+            guard id == transferID else { return }
+            boundaryProofs.record(
+                alice
+                    .authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+                        to: bob.myPeerID
+                    ) != nil
+            )
+        }
+        defer {
+            alice._test_beforePrivateMediaDeferredSend = nil
+            alice._test_onOutboundPacket = nil
+        }
+
+        // Rotate authenticated state before the deferred retry reaches its
+        // admission boundary.
+        alice._test_handlePacket(
+            privateMediaOnly,
+            fromPeerID: bob.myPeerID
+        )
+        let content = Data("%PDF-1.7\nreceipt-proof-race".utf8)
+        alice.sendFilePrivateReceiptRetry(
+            BitchatFilePacket(
+                fileName: "receipt-proof-race.pdf",
+                fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+                mimeType: "application/pdf",
+                content: content
+            ),
+            to: bob.myPeerID,
+            transferId: transferID
+        )
+        #expect(await TestHelpers.waitUntil(
+            { boundaryProofs.snapshot() == [false] },
+            timeout: TestConstants.longTimeout
+        ))
+        await alice._test_drainPrivateMediaSendPipeline()
+
+        #expect(await TestHelpers.waitUntil(
+            { rejections.contains(transferID) },
+            timeout: TestConstants.longTimeout
+        ))
+        #expect(tap.snapshot().allSatisfy {
+            $0.type != MessageType.fileTransfer.rawValue
+                && !(
+                    $0.type == MessageType.noiseEncrypted.rawValue
+                        && $0.version == 2
+                )
+        })
+        let state = alice._test_privateMediaTransferState(
+            transferId: transferID
+        )
+        #expect(!state.admissionActive)
+        #expect(!state.pendingNoise)
+        _ = cancellable
+    }
+
     @Test
     func capabilityAnnounceCannotPoisonPinWithoutMatchingNoiseAuthentication() async throws {
         let root = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
@@ -682,13 +893,18 @@ struct PrivateMediaEndToEndTests {
         #expect(!identity.hasObservedPrivateMediaCapability(
             fingerprint: impostorKey.sha256Fingerprint()
         ))
+        #expect(identity.hasObservedPrivateMediaCapability(
+            fingerprint: bob.noiseStaticPublicKeyData().sha256Fingerprint()
+        ))
         alice._test_seedConnectedPeer(
             bob.myPeerID,
             nickname: "Bob",
             capabilities: [],
             noisePublicKey: impostorKey
         )
-        #expect(alice.privateMediaSendPolicy(to: bob.myPeerID) == .legacyRequiresConsent)
+        // The exact live Noise identity remains authoritative over a later
+        // impostor registry rewrite.
+        #expect(alice.privateMediaSendPolicy(to: bob.myPeerID) == .encrypted)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -866,7 +1082,7 @@ struct PrivateMediaEndToEndTests {
             + marker
             + Data(repeating: 0x4A, count: 6 * 1024)
         try await assertPrivateMediaRoundTrip(
-            fileName: "private.jpg",
+            fileName: "img_20260725_120000_11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111.jpg",
             mimeType: "image/jpeg",
             content: content,
             marker: marker,
@@ -1137,6 +1353,17 @@ struct PrivateMediaEndToEndTests {
         #expect(message.isPrivate)
         #expect(message.senderPeerID == alice.myPeerID)
         #expect(message.content.hasPrefix(expectedMessagePrefix))
+        if let stableMessageID = PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            for: file,
+            senderPeerID: alice.myPeerID,
+            recipientPeerID: bob.myPeerID
+        ) {
+            #expect(message.id == stableMessageID)
+        } else {
+            // Generic/legacy filenames retain random per-arrival IDs so two
+            // unrelated "photo.jpg" transfers are never deduplicated.
+            #expect(!message.id.hasPrefix("media-"))
+        }
 
         let stored = recursivelyStoredFiles(under: bobRoot)
         #expect(stored.count == 1)
@@ -1279,6 +1506,8 @@ struct PrivateMediaEndToEndTests {
 
         return enumerator.compactMap { item in
             guard let url = item as? URL,
+                  !url.pathComponents.contains(".private-media-receipts"),
+                  url.lastPathComponent != ".private-media-receipts.json",
                   (try? url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.isRegularFileKey]).isRegularFile) == true else {
                 return nil
             }
@@ -1379,6 +1608,23 @@ private final class PrivateMediaPolicyRecorder: @unchecked Sendable {
     }
 }
 
+private final class ReceiptCapabilityRecorder: @unchecked Sendable {
+    private let lock = NSLock()
+    private var values: [Bool] = []
+
+    func record(_ value: Bool) {
+        lock.lock()
+        values.append(value)
+        lock.unlock()
+    }
+
+    func snapshot() -> [Bool] {
+        lock.lock()
+        defer { lock.unlock() }
+        return values
+    }
+}
+
 private final class MessageCaptureDelegate: BitchatDelegate, @unchecked Sendable {
     private let lock = NSLock()
     private var messages: [BitchatMessage] = []

bitchatTests/Mocks/MockTransport.swift

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import BitFoundation
 
 /// Mock Transport implementation for testing ChatViewModel in isolation.
 /// Records all method calls and allows test code to verify interactions.
-final class MockTransport: Transport {
+final class MockTransport: Transport, PrivateMediaDeletionPersisting {
 
     // MARK: - Protocol Properties
 
@@ -38,6 +38,11 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport {
     private(set) var sentPrivateFiles: [(packet: BitchatFilePacket, peerID: PeerID, transferID: String)] = []
     private(set) var sentPrivateFileLegacyAllowances: [Bool] = []
     private(set) var cancelledTransfers: [String] = []
+    private(set) var deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches: [[String]] = []
+    private(set) var deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths: [
+        [String: String]
+    ] = []
+    private(set) var protectedPrivateMediaRelativePaths: [Set<String>] = []
     private(set) var sentVerifyChallenges: [(peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)] = []
     private(set) var sentVerifyResponses: [(peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)] = []
     private(set) var sentCourierMessages: [(content: String, messageID: String, recipientNoiseKey: Data, couriers: [PeerID])] = []
@@ -60,6 +65,11 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport {
     var peerFingerprints: [PeerID: String] = [:]
     var peerNoiseStates: [PeerID: LazyHandshakeState] = [:]
     var privateMediaPolicies: [PeerID: PrivateMediaSendPolicy] = [:]
+    var persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult = true
+    var deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = false
+    private var pendingDeletedPrivateMediaCompletions: [
+        @MainActor (Bool) -> Void
+    ] = []
     private let mockKeychain = MockKeychain()
 
     // MARK: - Transport Protocol Implementation
@@ -217,6 +227,34 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport {
         cancelledTransfers.append(transferId)
     }
 
+    @MainActor
+    func persistDeletedPrivateMedia(
+        messageIDs: [String],
+        payloadRelativePaths: [String: String],
+        protectedPayloadRelativePaths: Set<String>,
+        completion: @escaping @MainActor (Bool) -> Void
+    ) {
+        deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.append(messageIDs)
+        deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths.append(payloadRelativePaths)
+        protectedPrivateMediaRelativePaths.append(
+            protectedPayloadRelativePaths
+        )
+        if deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence {
+            pendingDeletedPrivateMediaCompletions.append(completion)
+        } else {
+            completion(persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult)
+        }
+    }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func resolveNextDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence(
+        _ result: Bool? = nil
+    ) {
+        guard !pendingDeletedPrivateMediaCompletions.isEmpty else { return }
+        let completion = pendingDeletedPrivateMediaCompletions.removeFirst()
+        completion(result ?? persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult)
+    }
+
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {
         sentVerifyChallenges.append((peerID, noiseKeyHex, nonceA))
     }
@@ -264,6 +302,9 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport {
         sentBroadcastFiles.removeAll()
         sentPrivateFiles.removeAll()
         cancelledTransfers.removeAll()
+        deletedPrivateMediaMessageIDBatches.removeAll()
+        deletedPrivateMediaRelativePaths.removeAll()
+        protectedPrivateMediaRelativePaths.removeAll()
         sentVerifyChallenges.removeAll()
         sentVerifyResponses.removeAll()
         startServicesCallCount = 0

bitchatTests/Protocols/BitchatFilePacketTests.swift

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import BitFoundation
 import XCTest
 @testable import bitchat
 
@@ -73,4 +74,85 @@ final class BitchatFilePacketTests: XCTestCase {
         XCTAssertEqual(decoded.fileSize, UInt64(content.count))
         XCTAssertEqual(decoded.content, content)
     }
+
+    func testPrivateMediaMessageIdentityConvergesAcrossPeerIDAliases() throws {
+        let senderKey = Data(repeating: 0x11, count: 32)
+        let recipientKey = Data(repeating: 0x22, count: 32)
+        let senderStable = PeerID(hexData: senderKey)
+        let recipientStable = PeerID(hexData: recipientKey)
+        let fileName = "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
+
+        let senderID = try XCTUnwrap(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: senderStable.toShort(),
+            recipientPeerID: PeerID(str: "mesh:\(recipientStable.toShort().bare)"),
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
+        let receiverID = try XCTUnwrap(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: senderStable,
+            recipientPeerID: recipientStable.toShort(),
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
+
+        XCTAssertEqual(senderID, receiverID)
+        XCTAssertTrue(senderID.hasPrefix("media-"))
+        XCTAssertEqual(senderID.count, 38)
+        XCTAssertTrue(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.isStableID(senderID))
+        XCTAssertFalse(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.isStableID("media-\(String(repeating: "A", count: 32))"))
+        XCTAssertFalse(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.isStableID("media-\(String(repeating: "a", count: 31))"))
+        XCTAssertFalse(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.isStableID(UUID().uuidString))
+    }
+
+    func testPrivateMediaMessageIdentitySeparatesDirectionAndFilename() throws {
+        let alice = PeerID(str: "0011223344556677")
+        let bob = PeerID(str: "8899aabbccddeeff")
+        let firstName = "voice_20260725_105708_11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111.m4a"
+        let secondName = "voice_20260725_105709_22222222-2222-2222-2222-222222222222.m4a"
+        let first = try XCTUnwrap(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: alice,
+            recipientPeerID: bob,
+            fileName: firstName
+        ))
+
+        XCTAssertNotEqual(first, PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: bob,
+            recipientPeerID: alice,
+            fileName: firstName
+        ))
+        XCTAssertNotEqual(first, PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: alice,
+            recipientPeerID: bob,
+            fileName: secondName
+        ))
+        XCTAssertNil(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: alice,
+            recipientPeerID: bob,
+            fileName: nil
+        ))
+        XCTAssertNil(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: alice,
+            recipientPeerID: bob,
+            fileName: "photo.jpg"
+        ))
+        XCTAssertNil(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: alice,
+            recipientPeerID: bob,
+            fileName: "img_11111111-1111-1111-1111-111111111111.pdf"
+        ))
+        XCTAssertNotNil(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: alice,
+            recipientPeerID: bob,
+            fileName: "voice_0011223344556677.m4a"
+        ))
+    }
+
+    func testPrivateMediaMessageIdentityMatchesVersionOneGoldenVector() {
+        XCTAssertEqual(
+            PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+                senderPeerID: PeerID(str: "0011223344556677"),
+                recipientPeerID: PeerID(str: "8899aabbccddeeff"),
+                fileName: "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
+            ),
+            "media-910bd42c65060ab76bb6406f220c4516"
+        )
+    }
 }

bitchatTests/Services/BLEFileTransferHandlerTests.swift

@@ -13,17 +13,109 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
 
         var signatureVerifyCount = 0
         var signedNameQueries: [PeerID] = []
+        var blockedPeers: Set<PeerID> = []
         var trackedPackets: [BitchatPacket] = []
         var quotaReservations: [Int] = []
         var saveCalls: [(data: Data, preferredName: String?, subdirectory: String, fallbackExtension: String?, defaultPrefix: String)] = []
+        var receiptStates: [String: BLEPrivateMediaReceiptState] = [:]
+        var receiptCommits: [(messageID: String, storedURL: URL)] = []
+        var receiptCommitSucceeds = true
+        var removedIncomingFiles: [URL] = []
+        var finishedIncomingFileDeliveries: [URL] = []
         var lastSeenUpdates: [PeerID] = []
+        var deliveryAcks: [(messageID: String, peerID: PeerID)] = []
         var deliveredMessages: [BitchatMessage] = []
+        var shouldAcceptDelivery = true
+        var deliveryOutcome = TransportEventDeliveryOutcome.accepted
+        var saveOverride: ((
+            _ data: Data,
+            _ preferredName: String?,
+            _ subdirectory: String,
+            _ fallbackExtension: String?,
+            _ defaultPrefix: String
+        ) -> URL?)?
+        var receiptStateOverride: ((String) -> BLEPrivateMediaReceiptState)?
+        var receiptCommitOverride: ((String, URL) -> Bool)?
+        var removeIncomingFileOverride: ((URL) -> Void)?
+        var finishIncomingFileDeliveryOverride: ((URL) -> Void)?
     }
 
     private let localPeerID = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
     private let remotePeerID = PeerID(str: "1122334455667788")
     private let sampleSigningKey = Data(repeating: 0xAB, count: 32)
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func deliveryGateFinalizesInitialRejection() {
+        var completions = 0
+        var finalizations = 0
+
+        TransportEventDeliveryGate.attempt(
+            shouldDeliver: { false },
+            deliver: {
+                Issue.record("delivery sink must not run")
+                return .accepted
+            },
+            completion: { completions += 1 },
+            finalization: { _ in finalizations += 1 }
+        )
+
+        #expect(completions == 0)
+        #expect(finalizations == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func deliveryGateFinalizesMissingOrRejectingSink() {
+        var completions = 0
+        var finalizations = 0
+
+        TransportEventDeliveryGate.attempt(
+            shouldDeliver: { true },
+            deliver: { .rejected },
+            completion: { completions += 1 },
+            finalization: { _ in finalizations += 1 }
+        )
+
+        #expect(completions == 0)
+        #expect(finalizations == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func deliveryGateFinalizesPostInsertionRejection() {
+        var deliveryChecks = 0
+        var completions = 0
+        var finalizations = 0
+
+        TransportEventDeliveryGate.attempt(
+            shouldDeliver: {
+                deliveryChecks += 1
+                return deliveryChecks == 1
+            },
+            deliver: { .accepted },
+            completion: { completions += 1 },
+            finalization: { _ in finalizations += 1 }
+        )
+
+        #expect(deliveryChecks == 2)
+        #expect(completions == 0)
+        #expect(finalizations == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func deliveryGatePreservesInvokedUnconfirmedOutcomeWithoutAck() {
+        var completions = 0
+        var outcomes: [TransportEventDeliveryOutcome] = []
+
+        TransportEventDeliveryGate.attempt(
+            shouldDeliver: { true },
+            deliver: { .invokedUnconfirmed },
+            completion: { completions += 1 },
+            finalization: { outcomes.append($0) }
+        )
+
+        #expect(completions == 0)
+        #expect(outcomes == [.invokedUnconfirmed])
+    }
+
     private func makeHandler(recorder: Recorder) -> BLEFileTransferHandler {
         let environment = BLEFileTransferHandlerEnvironment(
             localPeerID: { [localPeerID] in localPeerID },
@@ -46,13 +138,56 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
             },
             saveIncomingFile: { data, preferredName, subdirectory, fallbackExtension, defaultPrefix in
                 recorder.saveCalls.append((data, preferredName, subdirectory, fallbackExtension, defaultPrefix))
+                if let saveOverride = recorder.saveOverride {
+                    return saveOverride(data, preferredName, subdirectory, fallbackExtension, defaultPrefix)
+                }
                 return recorder.saveResult
             },
+            privateMediaReceiptState: { messageID in
+                if let receiptStateOverride = recorder.receiptStateOverride {
+                    return receiptStateOverride(messageID)
+                }
+                return recorder.receiptStates[messageID] ?? .absent
+            },
+            commitPrivateMediaFile: { messageID, storedURL in
+                recorder.receiptCommits.append((messageID, storedURL))
+                if let receiptCommitOverride = recorder.receiptCommitOverride {
+                    return receiptCommitOverride(messageID, storedURL)
+                }
+                guard recorder.receiptCommitSucceeds else { return false }
+                recorder.receiptStates[messageID] = .accepted(storedURL)
+                return true
+            },
+            removeIncomingFile: { storedURL in
+                recorder.removedIncomingFiles.append(storedURL)
+                recorder.removeIncomingFileOverride?(storedURL)
+            },
+            finishIncomingFileDelivery: { storedURL in
+                recorder.finishedIncomingFileDeliveries.append(storedURL)
+                recorder.finishIncomingFileDeliveryOverride?(storedURL)
+            },
+            isPrivateMediaSenderBlocked: { peerID in
+                recorder.blockedPeers.contains(peerID)
+            },
             updatePeerLastSeen: { peerID in
                 recorder.lastSeenUpdates.append(peerID)
             },
-            deliverMessage: { message in
+            acknowledgePrivateMedia: { messageID, peerID in
+                recorder.deliveryAcks.append((messageID, peerID))
+            },
+            deliverMessage: { message, shouldDeliver, completion, finalization in
+                var outcome = TransportEventDeliveryOutcome.rejected
+                defer { finalization(outcome) }
+                guard recorder.shouldAcceptDelivery else { return }
+                guard shouldDeliver() else { return }
                 recorder.deliveredMessages.append(message)
+                guard shouldDeliver() else { return }
+                if recorder.deliveryOutcome == .invokedUnconfirmed {
+                    outcome = .invokedUnconfirmed
+                    return
+                }
+                outcome = .accepted
+                completion()
             }
         )
         return BLEFileTransferHandler(environment: environment)
@@ -284,6 +419,7 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
         #expect(recorder.lastSeenUpdates == [remotePeerID])
         #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
         #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.isPrivate == true)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.id.hasPrefix("media-") == false)
         // Must be explicit: BitchatMessage defaults private messages to
         // .sending, which the media views render as an in-flight send
         // (empty reveal mask, disabled reveal tap).
@@ -291,13 +427,14 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
     }
 
     @Test
-    func decryptedPrivateFileUsesValidationQuotaAndPrivateDeliveryWithoutRawSignature() throws {
+    func bit8EncryptedPrivateFileKeepsStableIDAndAckWithoutBit9Proof() throws {
         let recorder = Recorder()
         recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(remotePeerID, nickname: "Alice", isVerified: true)]
         let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
         let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF]) + Data(repeating: 0x41, count: 128)
+        let fileName = "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
         let file = BitchatFilePacket(
-            fileName: "secret.jpg",
+            fileName: fileName,
             fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
             mimeType: "image/jpeg",
             content: content
@@ -316,6 +453,480 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
         #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
         #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.isPrivate == true)
         #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.timestamp == timestamp)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.id == PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: remotePeerID,
+            recipientPeerID: localPeerID,
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
+        #expect(recorder.receiptCommits.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.first?.messageID == recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.id)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func rejectedStableDeliveryReleasesPendingPayloadOwnership() throws {
+        let root = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(
+            "private-media-handler-rejected-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let store = BLEIncomingFileStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+            remotePeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            isVerified: true
+        )]
+        recorder.shouldAcceptDelivery = false
+        recorder.saveOverride = {
+            store.save(
+                data: $0,
+                preferredName: $1,
+                subdirectory: $2,
+                fallbackExtension: $3,
+                defaultPrefix: $4
+            )
+        }
+        recorder.receiptStateOverride = {
+            store.privateMediaReceiptState(messageID: $0)
+        }
+        recorder.receiptCommitOverride = {
+            store.commitPrivateMediaFile(messageID: $0, storedURL: $1)
+        }
+        recorder.removeIncomingFileOverride = {
+            store.removeIncomingFile(at: $0)
+        }
+        recorder.finishIncomingFileDeliveryOverride = {
+            store.finishIncomingFileDelivery(at: $0)
+        }
+
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9])
+        let fileName =
+            "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
+        let file = BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: fileName,
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        )
+        let payload = try #require(file.encode())
+        let stableID = try #require(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: remotePeerID,
+            recipientPeerID: localPeerID,
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
+
+        #expect(makeHandler(recorder: recorder).handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.finishedIncomingFileDeliveries.count == 1)
+        #expect(store.reservePrivateMediaDeletion(
+            messageIDs: [stableID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [:]
+        ) != nil)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func rawLegacyPrivateFileWithRetryShapedNameNeverUsesReceiptLedger() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+            remotePeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            isVerified: true,
+            signingPublicKey: sampleSigningKey
+        )]
+        recorder.signatureVerifies = true
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9])
+        let packet = try makeFileTransferPacket(
+            sender: remotePeerID,
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content,
+            recipientID: Data(hexString: localPeerID.id),
+            fileName: "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
+        )
+
+        #expect(handler.handle(packet, from: remotePeerID))
+        #expect(recorder.receiptCommits.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.first?.id.hasPrefix("media-") == false)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func rejectedRawDeliveryRemovesUIUnownedPayload() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+            remotePeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            isVerified: true,
+            signingPublicKey: sampleSigningKey
+        )]
+        recorder.signatureVerifies = true
+        recorder.shouldAcceptDelivery = false
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let packet = try makeFileTransferPacket(
+            sender: remotePeerID,
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9]),
+            recipientID: Data(hexString: localPeerID.id),
+            fileName: "raw-rejected.jpg"
+        )
+
+        #expect(handler.handle(packet, from: remotePeerID))
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.removedIncomingFiles.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.removedIncomingFiles.first == recorder.saveResult)
+        #expect(recorder.finishedIncomingFileDeliveries.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func plainDelegateRawDeliveryPreservesPayloadWithoutSynchronousAck() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+            remotePeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            isVerified: true,
+            signingPublicKey: sampleSigningKey
+        )]
+        recorder.signatureVerifies = true
+        recorder.deliveryOutcome = .invokedUnconfirmed
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let packet = try makeFileTransferPacket(
+            sender: remotePeerID,
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9]),
+            recipientID: Data(hexString: localPeerID.id),
+            fileName: "plain-delegate.jpg"
+        )
+
+        #expect(handler.handle(packet, from: remotePeerID))
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.removedIncomingFiles.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.finishedIncomingFileDeliveries.count == 1)
+        #expect(
+            recorder.finishedIncomingFileDeliveries.first
+                == recorder.saveResult
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func repeatedLegacyPrivateImageNamesKeepDistinctRandomMessageIDs() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(remotePeerID, nickname: "Alice", isVerified: true)]
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF]) + Data(repeating: 0x41, count: 128)
+        let file = BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: "photo.jpg",
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        )
+        let payload = try #require(file.encode())
+
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_235)
+        ))
+
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 2)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages[0].id != recorder.deliveredMessages[1].id)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.allSatisfy { !$0.id.hasPrefix("media-") })
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func lostCapabilityProofThenStableRetryReusesDurableIDWithoutSecondDiskWrite() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(remotePeerID, nickname: "Alice", isVerified: true)]
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF]) + Data(repeating: 0x41, count: 128)
+        let fileName = "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
+        let file = BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: fileName,
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        )
+        let payload = try #require(file.encode())
+        let expectedID = try #require(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: remotePeerID,
+            recipientPeerID: localPeerID,
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
+
+        // First encrypted arrival may precede the sender's authenticated bit-9
+        // proof. It still uses the bit-8 stable ID/ACK contract.
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        // A later automatic retry after proof must resolve the same durable ID
+        // rather than create a legacy random-ID bubble.
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_235)
+        ))
+
+        #expect(recorder.quotaReservations == [content.count])
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.count == 1)
+        // The handler re-offers a durable duplicate so a relaunched UI can
+        // restore its bubble; the synchronous conversation sink deduplicates.
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 2)
+        #expect(recorder.lastSeenUpdates == [remotePeerID, remotePeerID])
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.count == 2)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.allSatisfy {
+            $0.messageID == expectedID && $0.peerID == remotePeerID
+        })
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func acceptedPrivateMediaAfterRelaunchRedeliversDurableURLBeforeAck() throws {
+        let root = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(
+            "private-media-handler-relaunch-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let store = BLEIncomingFileStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9])
+        let file = BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg",
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        )
+        let payload = try #require(file.encode())
+
+        func configure(_ recorder: Recorder) {
+            recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+                remotePeerID,
+                nickname: "Alice",
+                isVerified: true
+            )]
+            recorder.saveOverride = { data, preferredName, subdirectory, fallbackExtension, defaultPrefix in
+                store.save(
+                    data: data,
+                    preferredName: preferredName,
+                    subdirectory: subdirectory,
+                    fallbackExtension: fallbackExtension,
+                    defaultPrefix: defaultPrefix
+                )
+            }
+            recorder.receiptStateOverride = {
+                store.privateMediaReceiptState(messageID: $0)
+            }
+            recorder.receiptCommitOverride = {
+                store.commitPrivateMediaFile(messageID: $0, storedURL: $1)
+            }
+            recorder.removeIncomingFileOverride = {
+                store.removeIncomingFile(at: $0)
+            }
+            recorder.finishIncomingFileDeliveryOverride = {
+                store.finishIncomingFileDelivery(at: $0)
+            }
+        }
+
+        let first = Recorder()
+        configure(first)
+        #expect(makeHandler(recorder: first).handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        let originalMessage = try #require(first.deliveredMessages.first)
+        #expect(first.deliveryAcks.count == 1)
+
+        // A fresh handler models process relaunch: its in-memory reservation
+        // cache is empty, so only the durable receipt can suppress disk work.
+        let relaunched = Recorder()
+        configure(relaunched)
+        #expect(makeHandler(recorder: relaunched).handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_235)
+        ))
+
+        #expect(relaunched.quotaReservations.isEmpty)
+        #expect(relaunched.saveCalls.isEmpty)
+        #expect(relaunched.receiptCommits.isEmpty)
+        #expect(relaunched.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(relaunched.deliveredMessages.first?.id == originalMessage.id)
+        #expect(relaunched.deliveredMessages.first?.content == originalMessage.content)
+        #expect(relaunched.deliveryAcks.count == 1)
+        #expect(relaunched.deliveryAcks.first?.messageID == originalMessage.id)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func inFlightStableDuplicateIsNotAcknowledgedAndFailedSaveRemainsRetryable() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(remotePeerID, nickname: "Alice", isVerified: true)]
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF]) + Data(repeating: 0x41, count: 128)
+        let file = BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg",
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        )
+        let payload = try #require(file.encode())
+        var handler: BLEFileTransferHandler!
+        var nestedResult: Bool?
+        var failFirstSave = true
+        recorder.saveOverride = { _, _, _, _, _ in
+            if failFirstSave {
+                failFirstSave = false
+                nestedResult = handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+                    payload,
+                    from: self.remotePeerID,
+                    timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_235)
+                )
+                return nil
+            }
+            return recorder.saveResult
+        }
+        handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+
+        // The nested arrival sees the first reservation as pending. It is
+        // coalesced without an ACK; then the first durable save fails.
+        #expect(!handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        #expect(nestedResult == true)
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
+
+        // Failure released the reservation, so the sender's later retry can
+        // persist and deliver normally.
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_236)
+        ))
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.count == 2)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func unavailableDurableReceiptStateWithholdsDiskDeliveryAndAck() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+            remotePeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            isVerified: true
+        )]
+        let fileName =
+            "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg"
+        let messageID = try #require(PrivateMediaMessageIdentity.stableID(
+            senderPeerID: remotePeerID,
+            recipientPeerID: localPeerID,
+            fileName: fileName
+        ))
+        recorder.receiptStates[messageID] = .unavailable
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9])
+        let payload = try #require(BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: fileName,
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        ).encode())
+
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        #expect(recorder.quotaReservations.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.receiptCommits.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func durableReceiptCommitFailureRollsBackAndWithholdsDeliveryAck() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(
+            remotePeerID,
+            nickname: "Alice",
+            isVerified: true
+        )]
+        recorder.receiptCommitSucceeds = false
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9])
+        let payload = try #require(BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg",
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        ).encode())
+
+        #expect(!handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.receiptCommits.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.removedIncomingFiles.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.removedIncomingFiles.first == recorder.saveResult)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func blockedPrivateMediaIsDroppedBeforeQuotaDiskAndDedupState() throws {
+        let recorder = Recorder()
+        recorder.blockedPeers = [remotePeerID]
+        recorder.peers = [remotePeerID: makePeerInfo(remotePeerID, nickname: "Alice", isVerified: true)]
+        let handler = makeHandler(recorder: recorder)
+        let content = Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF]) + Data(repeating: 0x41, count: 128)
+        let file = BitchatFilePacket(
+            fileName: "img_20260725_105708_1CC2760D-76AA-40C3-8013-C7FAA6C2EF99.jpg",
+            fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+            mimeType: "image/jpeg",
+            content: content
+        )
+        let payload = try #require(file.encode())
+
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_234)
+        ))
+
+        #expect(recorder.quotaReservations.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.lastSeenUpdates.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
+
+        // Unblocking must allow a retry through; the blocked attempt cannot
+        // poison the stable-ID dedup reservation.
+        recorder.blockedPeers = []
+        #expect(handler.handlePrivatePayload(
+            payload,
+            from: remotePeerID,
+            timestamp: Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_235)
+        ))
+        #expect(recorder.saveCalls.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.count == 1)
     }
 
     @Test
@@ -337,6 +948,7 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
         #expect(recorder.quotaReservations.isEmpty)
         #expect(recorder.saveCalls.isEmpty)
         #expect(recorder.lastSeenUpdates.isEmpty)
+        #expect(recorder.deliveryAcks.isEmpty)
         #expect(recorder.deliveredMessages.isEmpty)
     }
 
@@ -468,6 +1080,94 @@ struct BLEFileTransferHandlerTests {
         }
     }
 
+    @Test
+    func panicWipeClearsCachedPrivateMediaReceiptDecisions() throws {
+        let base = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "panic-receipt-cache-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: base) }
+        let messageID = "media-00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff"
+
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: base)
+        let payload = base
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "files/images/incoming",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+            .appendingPathComponent("panic-receipt.jpg")
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: payload.deletingLastPathComponent(),
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        try Data("secret".utf8).write(to: payload, options: .atomic)
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        #expect(seed.recordDeleted(messageID: messageID))
+
+        let store = BLEIncomingFileStore(baseDirectory: base)
+        #expect(
+            store.privateMediaReceiptState(messageID: messageID)
+                == .tombstoned
+        )
+
+        try store.panicWipe()
+
+        #expect(
+            store.privateMediaReceiptState(messageID: messageID)
+                == .absent
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func panicWipeInvalidatesPayloadCoordinationReservations() throws {
+        let base = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "panic-payload-coordination-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: base) }
+        let store = BLEIncomingFileStore(baseDirectory: base)
+        let pendingName = "pending-before-panic.jpg"
+        let pendingURL = try #require(store.save(
+            data: Data("old".utf8),
+            preferredName: pendingName,
+            subdirectory: "images/incoming",
+            fallbackExtension: "jpg",
+            defaultPrefix: "image"
+        ))
+        let messageID = "media-aabbccddeeff00112233445566778899"
+        let reservation = try #require(store.reservePrivateMediaDeletion(
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [
+                messageID: "images/incoming/delete-before-panic.jpg"
+            ]
+        ))
+
+        try store.panicWipe()
+
+        #expect(!store.commitPrivateMediaDeletion(
+            reservation: reservation,
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [
+                messageID: "images/incoming/delete-before-panic.jpg"
+            ],
+            protectedPayloadRelativePaths: []
+        ))
+        let postPanicURL = try #require(store.save(
+            data: Data("new".utf8),
+            preferredName: pendingName,
+            subdirectory: "images/incoming",
+            fallbackExtension: "jpg",
+            defaultPrefix: "image"
+        ))
+        #expect(pendingURL.lastPathComponent == pendingName)
+        #expect(postPanicURL.lastPathComponent == pendingName)
+    }
+
     @Test
     func panicWipeAttemptsDeletionWhenMarkerPersistenceFails() throws {
         enum MarkerFailure: Error { case unavailable }

bitchatTests/Services/BLENoiseReconnectPolicyTests.swift

@@ -111,5 +111,8 @@ struct BLENoiseReconnectPolicyTests {
             )
         )
         #expect(PeerCapabilities.localSupported.contains(.privateMedia))
+        #expect(
+            PeerCapabilities.localSupported.contains(.privateMediaReceipts)
+        )
     }
 }

bitchatTests/Services/BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStoreTests.swift

@@ -0,0 +1,866 @@
+import Foundation
+import Testing
+@testable import bitchat
+
+struct BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStoreTests {
+    private struct TestError: Error {}
+    private struct ReceiptFixture: Codable {
+        let kind: String
+        let relativePath: String?
+        let recordedAt: Date
+    }
+    private struct JournalEntryFixture: Codable {
+        let relativePaths: [String]
+        let recordedAt: Date
+    }
+    private struct JournalFixture: Codable {
+        let version: Int
+        let entries: [String: JournalEntryFixture]
+    }
+
+    private let messageID = "media-00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff"
+    private let secondMessageID = "media-ffeeddccbbaa99887766554433221100"
+
+    @Test
+    func acceptedReceiptPersistsAcrossStoreInstances() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("persist")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+
+        let first = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(first.commitAccepted(messageID: messageID, storedURL: payload))
+        #expect(first.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(payload))
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(payload))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func acceptedReceiptRejectsOutgoingPayloadAndCrossIDPathReuse() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("accepted-ownership")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let incoming = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let outgoingDirectory = root.appendingPathComponent(
+            "files/images/outgoing",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: outgoingDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let outgoing = outgoingDirectory.appendingPathComponent("image.jpg")
+        try Data([0x01]).write(to: outgoing)
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+
+        #expect(!store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: outgoing
+        ))
+        #expect(store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: incoming
+        ))
+        #expect(!store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: secondMessageID,
+            storedURL: incoming
+        ))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: incoming.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: outgoing.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func liveAcceptedPathSurvivesTTLAndCapacityPressure() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("accepted-retention")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let firstPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "first.jpg")
+        let secondPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "second.jpg")
+        let recordedAt = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 2_000)
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            capacity: 1,
+            ttl: 1,
+            now: { recordedAt }
+        )
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: firstPayload
+        ))
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            capacity: 1,
+            ttl: 1,
+            now: { recordedAt.addingTimeInterval(2) }
+        )
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(firstPayload))
+        #expect(!relaunched.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: secondMessageID,
+            storedURL: secondPayload
+        ))
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(firstPayload))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func incomingAllocationDoesNotReuseReceiptOwnedMissingPath() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("accepted-reservation")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let original = try makePayload(in: root)
+        #expect(BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root
+        ).commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: original
+        ))
+        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: original)
+
+        let stored = BLEIncomingFileStore(baseDirectory: root).save(
+            data: Data([0x03]),
+            preferredName: "image.jpg",
+            subdirectory: "images/incoming",
+            fallbackExtension: "jpg",
+            defaultPrefix: "image"
+        )
+
+        #expect(stored?.lastPathComponent != "image.jpg")
+        #expect(stored.map {
+            FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: $0.path)
+        } == true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func pendingRawArrivalBlocksDeletionFallbackPathReuse() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("pending-raw-arrival")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let incoming = BLEIncomingFileStore(baseDirectory: root)
+
+        // The old stable bubble names image.jpg, but its receipt and payload
+        // have already been pruned. A raw arrival saves that basename before
+        // its main-actor bubble is inserted.
+        let rawArrival = incoming.save(
+            data: Data([0x03]),
+            preferredName: "image.jpg",
+            subdirectory: "images/incoming",
+            fallbackExtension: "jpg",
+            defaultPrefix: "image"
+        )
+        #expect(rawArrival?.lastPathComponent == "image.jpg")
+
+        let reservation = incoming.reservePrivateMediaDeletion(
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [
+                messageID: "images/incoming/image.jpg"
+            ]
+        )
+        #expect(reservation == nil)
+        #expect(rawArrival.map {
+            FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: $0.path)
+        } == true)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func quotaDoesNotEvictOrReusePendingDeliveryPath() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("pending-quota")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let incoming = BLEIncomingFileStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            quotaBytes: 1
+        )
+        let first = try #require(incoming.save(
+            data: Data([0x01, 0x02]),
+            preferredName: "image.jpg",
+            subdirectory: "images/incoming",
+            fallbackExtension: "jpg",
+            defaultPrefix: "image"
+        ))
+
+        incoming.enforceQuota(reservingBytes: 1)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: first.path))
+
+        let second = try #require(incoming.save(
+            data: Data([0x03]),
+            preferredName: "image.jpg",
+            subdirectory: "images/incoming",
+            fallbackExtension: "jpg",
+            defaultPrefix: "image"
+        ))
+        #expect(second != first)
+        #expect(second.lastPathComponent == "image (1).jpg")
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: first.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: second.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func invalidReceiptAndJournalCannotTargetOutgoingPayload() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("invalid-owned-path")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let outgoingDirectory = root.appendingPathComponent(
+            "files/images/outgoing",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: outgoingDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let victim = outgoingDirectory.appendingPathComponent("victim.jpg")
+        try Data([0x02]).write(to: victim)
+        let receiptURL = receiptRecord(in: root)
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: receiptURL.deletingLastPathComponent(),
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let fixture = ReceiptFixture(
+            kind: "tombstone",
+            relativePath: "images/outgoing/victim.jpg",
+            recordedAt: Date()
+        )
+        try JSONEncoder().encode(fixture).write(
+            to: receiptURL,
+            options: .atomic
+        )
+
+        #expect(
+            BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+                .state(for: messageID) == .unavailable
+        )
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: victim.path))
+
+        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: receiptURL)
+        let journal = JournalFixture(
+            version: 1,
+            entries: [messageID: JournalEntryFixture(
+                relativePaths: ["images/outgoing/victim.jpg"],
+                recordedAt: fixture.recordedAt
+            )]
+        )
+        try JSONEncoder().encode(journal).write(
+            to: deletionJournal(in: root),
+            options: .atomic
+        )
+
+        #expect(
+            BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+                .state(for: messageID) == .unavailable
+        )
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: victim.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func directoryEnumerationFailureIsUnavailableAndRetriesWithoutCachingEmpty() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("list-failure")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        #expect(BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root).commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        let record = receiptRecord(in: root)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: record.path))
+
+        var shouldFail = true
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            directoryReader: { directory in
+                if shouldFail {
+                    shouldFail = false
+                    throw TestError()
+                }
+                return try FileManager.default.contentsOfDirectory(
+                    at: directory,
+                    includingPropertiesForKeys: nil
+                )
+            }
+        )
+
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .unavailable)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: record.path))
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(payload))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func recordReadFailureIsUnavailableAndPreservesReceiptForRetry() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("read-failure")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        #expect(BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root).commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        let record = receiptRecord(in: root)
+
+        var shouldFail = true
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            dataReader: { url in
+                if shouldFail {
+                    shouldFail = false
+                    throw TestError()
+                }
+                return try Data(contentsOf: url)
+            }
+        )
+
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .unavailable)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: record.path))
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(payload))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func decodeFailureIsUnavailableAndDoesNotDeleteOrCachePastRepair() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("decode-failure")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        #expect(BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root).commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        let record = receiptRecord(in: root)
+        let durableBytes = try Data(contentsOf: record)
+        let corruptBytes = Data("{not-json".utf8)
+        try corruptBytes.write(to: record, options: .atomic)
+
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .unavailable)
+        #expect(!store.commitAccepted(messageID: messageID, storedURL: payload))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: record.path))
+        #expect(try Data(contentsOf: record) == corruptBytes)
+
+        try durableBytes.write(to: record, options: .atomic)
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(payload))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func unreadableTombstoneNeverBecomesAbsentOrGetsDeleted() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("tombstone-decode")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(messageID: messageID, storedURL: payload))
+        #expect(seed.recordDeleted(messageID: messageID))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+
+        let record = receiptRecord(in: root)
+        let durableBytes = try Data(contentsOf: record)
+        try Data([0xFF, 0x00, 0x7B]).write(to: record, options: .atomic)
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .unavailable)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: record.path))
+
+        try durableBytes.write(to: record, options: .atomic)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func deletionBatchCommitsEveryIDBeforeRemovingPayloads() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("batch")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let firstPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "first.jpg")
+        let secondPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "second.jpg")
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: firstPayload
+        ))
+        #expect(store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: secondMessageID,
+            storedURL: secondPayload
+        ))
+
+        #expect(store.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [secondMessageID, messageID]
+        ))
+
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(store.state(for: secondMessageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: firstPayload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: secondPayload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func failedJournalCommitPreservesAcceptedStateAndPayloads() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("journal-failure")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let firstPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "first.jpg")
+        let secondPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "second.jpg")
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: firstPayload
+        ))
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: secondMessageID,
+            storedURL: secondPayload
+        ))
+
+        let failing = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            dataWriter: { _, _, _ in throw TestError() }
+        )
+        #expect(!failing.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [messageID, secondMessageID]
+        ))
+
+        // A failed commit must not install a volatile tombstone. Otherwise a
+        // sender retry could be ACKed although the caller kept both bubbles.
+        #expect(failing.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(firstPayload))
+        #expect(
+            failing.state(for: secondMessageID) == .accepted(secondPayload)
+        )
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: firstPayload.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: secondPayload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func journalRecoversBatchAfterCrashDuringMaterialization() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("crash-recovery")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let firstPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "first.jpg")
+        let secondPayload = try makePayload(in: root, name: "second.jpg")
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: firstPayload
+        ))
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: secondMessageID,
+            storedURL: secondPayload
+        ))
+
+        let interrupted = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            dataWriter: { data, url, options in
+                let isJournal =
+                    url.lastPathComponent == ".deletion-journal.json"
+                let isFirstRecord =
+                    url.deletingPathExtension().lastPathComponent == messageID
+                guard isJournal || isFirstRecord else {
+                    throw TestError()
+                }
+                try data.write(to: url, options: options)
+            }
+        )
+        #expect(interrupted.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [messageID, secondMessageID]
+        ))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: firstPayload.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: secondPayload.path))
+        #expect(interrupted.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(interrupted.state(for: secondMessageID) == .tombstoned)
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: secondMessageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: firstPayload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: secondPayload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func journalRetriesPayloadUnlinkAfterRelaunch() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("unlink-recovery")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+
+        let unlinkFailure = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            payloadRemover: { _ in throw TestError() }
+        )
+        #expect(unlinkFailure.recordDeleted(messageID: messageID))
+        #expect(unlinkFailure.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func expiredReceiptUsesFallbackPathForCrashSafeCleanup() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("expired-fallback")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let recordedAt = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 1_000)
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            ttl: 10,
+            now: { recordedAt }
+        )
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        // Simulate a receipt pruned by an older app version while its bubble
+        // and payload remain. Current code retains live accepted-path owners.
+        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: receiptRecord(in: root))
+
+        let afterExpiry = recordedAt.addingTimeInterval(11)
+        let interrupted = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            ttl: 10,
+            now: { afterExpiry },
+            payloadRemover: { _ in throw TestError() }
+        )
+        #expect(interrupted.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [
+                messageID: "images/incoming/image.jpg"
+            ]
+        ))
+        #expect(interrupted.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            ttl: 10,
+            now: { afterExpiry }
+        )
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func retryAtSuffixedPathDeletesReceiptAndBubblePayloads() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("retry-suffix")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let original = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let seed = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(seed.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: original
+        ))
+
+        // Simulate an older build pruning only the receipt. A retry must use a
+        // suffixed filename while the old bubble still references image.jpg.
+        try FileManager.default.removeItem(at: receiptRecord(in: root))
+        let retry = try makePayload(in: root, name: "image (1).jpg")
+        let retried = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(retried.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: retry
+        ))
+
+        #expect(retried.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [
+                messageID: "images/incoming/image.jpg"
+            ]
+        ))
+        #expect(retried.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: original.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: retry.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: original.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: retry.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func protectedUIPathRejectsAcceptedReceiptDeletion() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("protected-ui-owner")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+
+        #expect(!store.recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            protectedPayloadRelativePaths: [
+                "images/incoming/image.jpg"
+            ]
+        ))
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .accepted(payload))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func pathlessNewDeletionFailsWithoutChangingReceiverState() {
+        let root = makeRoot("pathless-delete")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+
+        #expect(!store.recordDeleted(messageID: messageID))
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .absent)
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func completedTombstoneNeverDeletesReusedPayloadPath() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("path-reuse")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let original = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: original
+        ))
+        #expect(store.recordDeleted(messageID: messageID))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: original.path))
+
+        let reused = try makePayload(in: root)
+        #expect(store.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: secondMessageID,
+            storedURL: reused
+        ))
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: reused.path))
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: reused.path))
+        #expect(
+            relaunched.state(for: secondMessageID) == .accepted(reused)
+        )
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func expiredLegacyPathfulTombstoneDoesNotDeleteAcceptedOwner() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("legacy-path-conflict")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let receiptDirectory = receiptRecord(in: root)
+            .deletingLastPathComponent()
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: receiptDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let recordedAt = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 3_000)
+        try JSONEncoder().encode(ReceiptFixture(
+            kind: "tombstone",
+            relativePath: "images/incoming/image.jpg",
+            recordedAt: recordedAt
+        )).write(
+            to: receiptRecord(in: root),
+            options: .atomic
+        )
+        try JSONEncoder().encode(ReceiptFixture(
+            kind: "accepted",
+            relativePath: "images/incoming/image.jpg",
+            recordedAt: recordedAt
+        )).write(
+            to: receiptRecord(
+                in: root,
+                messageID: secondMessageID
+            ),
+            options: .atomic
+        )
+
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            ttl: 1,
+            now: { recordedAt.addingTimeInterval(2) }
+        )
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .absent)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(
+            store.state(for: secondMessageID) == .accepted(payload)
+        )
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func expiredLegacyPathfulTombstonePreservesAmbiguousPayload() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("legacy-expired-cleanup")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        let receiptURL = receiptRecord(in: root)
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: receiptURL.deletingLastPathComponent(),
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let recordedAt = Date(timeIntervalSince1970: 3_000)
+        try JSONEncoder().encode(ReceiptFixture(
+            kind: "tombstone",
+            relativePath: "images/incoming/image.jpg",
+            recordedAt: recordedAt
+        )).write(to: receiptURL, options: .atomic)
+
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root,
+            ttl: 1,
+            now: { recordedAt.addingTimeInterval(2) }
+        )
+
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .absent)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: receiptURL.path))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func deletionJournalNeverRecursivelyRemovesDirectoryTarget() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("journal-directory")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let directory = root.appendingPathComponent(
+            "files/images/incoming/archive",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: directory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let child = directory.appendingPathComponent("child.jpg")
+        try Data([0x01]).write(to: child)
+        let receiptDirectory = receiptRecord(in: root)
+            .deletingLastPathComponent()
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: receiptDirectory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        #expect(!BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root
+        ).recordDeleted(
+            messageIDs: [messageID],
+            payloadRelativePaths: [
+                messageID: "images/incoming/archive"
+            ]
+        ))
+        #expect(!FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+        try JSONEncoder().encode(JournalFixture(
+            version: 1,
+            entries: [messageID: JournalEntryFixture(
+                relativePaths: ["images/incoming/archive"],
+                recordedAt: Date()
+            )]
+        )).write(to: deletionJournal(in: root), options: .atomic)
+
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .tombstoned)
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: directory.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: child.path))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(
+            atPath: deletionJournal(in: root).path
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func corruptDeletionJournalFailsClosedWithoutRemovingPayload() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("corrupt-journal")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let payload = try makePayload(in: root)
+        #expect(BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(
+            baseDirectory: root
+        ).commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        let journal = deletionJournal(in: root)
+        try Data("{not-json".utf8).write(to: journal, options: .atomic)
+
+        let relaunched = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(relaunched.state(for: messageID) == .unavailable)
+        #expect(!relaunched.commitAccepted(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            storedURL: payload
+        ))
+        #expect(FileManager.default.fileExists(atPath: payload.path))
+        #expect(try Data(contentsOf: journal) == Data("{not-json".utf8))
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    func unreleasedAggregateLedgerIsIgnoredAndLeftUntouched() throws {
+        let root = makeRoot("no-legacy-migration")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: root) }
+        let files = root.appendingPathComponent("files", isDirectory: true)
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: files,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let legacy = files.appendingPathComponent(
+            ".private-media-receipts.json",
+            isDirectory: false
+        )
+        let bytes = Data(
+            #"{"entries":{"media-00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff":{"relativePath":"images/incoming/old.jpg","acceptedAt":0}}}"#
+                .utf8
+        )
+        try bytes.write(to: legacy, options: .atomic)
+
+        let store = BLEPrivateMediaReceiptStore(baseDirectory: root)
+        #expect(store.state(for: messageID) == .absent)
+        #expect(try Data(contentsOf: legacy) == bytes)
+    }
+
+    private func makeRoot(_ label: String) -> URL {
+        FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory.appendingPathComponent(
+            "private-media-receipt-\(label)-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func makePayload(
+        in root: URL,
+        name: String = "image.jpg"
+    ) throws -> URL {
+        let directory = root.appendingPathComponent(
+            "files/images/incoming",
+            isDirectory: true
+        )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: directory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let payload = directory.appendingPathComponent(name)
+        try Data([0xFF, 0xD8, 0xFF, 0xD9]).write(to: payload)
+        return payload
+    }
+
+    private func receiptRecord(
+        in root: URL,
+        messageID requestedMessageID: String? = nil
+    ) -> URL {
+        root
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "files/.private-media-receipts",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+            .appendingPathComponent(requestedMessageID ?? messageID)
+            .appendingPathExtension("json")
+    }
+
+    private func deletionJournal(in root: URL) -> URL {
+        root
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "files/.private-media-receipts",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+            .appendingPathComponent(".deletion-journal.json")
+    }
+}

docs/PRIVATE-MEDIA-MIGRATION.md

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ peer's Noise session before BLE fragmentation.
   `0x21`. A valid bit-8 proof selects Noise `0x20`; a valid no-bit proof or a
   no-proof timeout reaches the explicit legacy-consent path for an unpinned
   peer. No timeout automatically sends raw bytes.
+- `PeerCapabilities.privateMediaReceipts` is bit 9. Its exact-session
+  authenticated proof enables bounded sender-side automatic retry; a public
+  announce never does. It does not replace bit 8: encrypted `0x20` media from
+  bit-8-only prior iOS clients keeps the same deterministic stable ID and
+  delivery ACK. Receivers durably commit that ID before UI delivery or ACK, so
+  a lost proof followed by a later bit-9 retry cannot create a second,
+  random-ID bubble.
 - An unpinned peer with a stable Noise key but without that capability is
   eligible for one signed, directed
   `fileTransfer`, matching the pre-migration wire form used by older iOS and

localPackages/BitFoundation/Sources/BitFoundation/PeerCapabilities.swift

@@ -28,6 +28,13 @@ public struct PeerCapabilities: OptionSet, Equatable, Hashable, Sendable {
     /// before outer BLE fragmentation. Peers that omit this bit require the
     /// signed directed raw-file migration fallback.
     public static let privateMedia = PeerCapabilities(rawValue: 1 << 8)
+    /// Stable private-media IDs are durably deduplicated by the receiver and
+    /// correlated delivery/read receipts permit bounded automatic resend.
+    ///
+    /// Bit 8 remains the encrypted-media compatibility contract. Bit 9 only
+    /// enables sender-side automatic retry after exact-session proof.
+    public static let privateMediaReceipts =
+        PeerCapabilities(rawValue: 1 << 9)
     /// Reserved for test builds that briefly advertised non-destructive Noise
     /// replacement. Current clients intentionally do not advertise or act on
     /// this bit; keep it decodable so the wire assignment is never reused.

localPackages/BitFoundation/Tests/BitFoundationTests/PeerCapabilitiesTests.swift

@@ -18,14 +18,30 @@ struct PeerCapabilitiesTests {
         #expect(PeerCapabilities.meshDiagnostics.encoded() == Data([0x40]))
         #expect(PeerCapabilities.privateMedia.encoded() == Data([0x00, 0x01]))
 
-        let high = PeerCapabilities(rawValue: 1 << 9)
+        #expect(
-        #expect(high.encoded() == Data([0x00, 0x02]))
+            PeerCapabilities.privateMediaReceipts.encoded()
+                == Data([0x00, 0x02])
+        )
         #expect(
             PeerCapabilities.nonDestructiveNoiseReplacement.encoded()
                 == Data([0x00, 0x04])
         )
 
-        let all: PeerCapabilities = [.prekeys, .wifiBulk, .gateway, .groups, .board, .vouch, .meshDiagnostics, .privateMedia]
+        let high = PeerCapabilities(rawValue: 1 << 11)
+        #expect(high.encoded() == Data([0x00, 0x08]))
+
+        let all: PeerCapabilities = [
+            .prekeys,
+            .wifiBulk,
+            .gateway,
+            .groups,
+            .board,
+            .vouch,
+            .meshDiagnostics,
+            .privateMedia,
+            .privateMediaReceipts,
+            .nonDestructiveNoiseReplacement
+        ]
         #expect(PeerCapabilities(encoded: all.encoded()) == all)
         #expect(PeerCapabilities(encoded: high.encoded()) == high)
         #expect(PeerCapabilities(encoded: PeerCapabilities([]).encoded()) == [])