diff --git a/bitchat/App/ConversationStore.swift b/bitchat/App/ConversationStore.swift
index 7631c495..eb174120 100644
--- a/bitchat/App/ConversationStore.swift
+++ b/bitchat/App/ConversationStore.swift
@@ -442,6 +442,40 @@ final class ConversationStore: ObservableObject {
     @discardableResult
     func setDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String) -> Bool {
         guard let ids = conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] else { return false }
+        return applyDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID, among: ids)
+    }
+
+    /// Applies an authenticated delivery/read receipt only to the supplied
+    /// direct-conversation aliases. A colliding message ID in another peer's
+    /// conversation (or a public timeline) must not inherit the receipt.
+    ///
+    /// Stable and ephemeral aliases can temporarily hold the same message
+    /// instance during handoff. The shared helper republishes every targeted
+    /// alias even when the first mutation already changed that instance.
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(
+        _ status: DeliveryStatus,
+        forMessageID messageID: String,
+        inDirectPeerAliases peerIDs: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard !peerIDs.isEmpty,
+              let indexedIDs = conversationIDsByMessageID[messageID] else {
+            return false
+        }
+        let allowedIDs = Set(peerIDs.map { ConversationID.directPeer($0) })
+        return applyDeliveryStatus(
+            status,
+            forMessageID: messageID,
+            among: indexedIDs.intersection(allowedIDs)
+        )
+    }
+
+    private func applyDeliveryStatus(
+        _ status: DeliveryStatus,
+        forMessageID messageID: String,
+        among ids: Set<ConversationID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        guard !ids.isEmpty else { return false }
         var applied = false
         var skipped: [ConversationID] = []
         for id in ids {
diff --git a/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeCourierService.swift b/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeCourierService.swift
index 552255a8..80a20a36 100644
--- a/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeCourierService.swift
+++ b/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeCourierService.swift
@@ -106,13 +106,14 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
         dedupKey: String?,
         operationID: UUID?
     )] = []
-    /// Message IDs already published as drops (sender-side dedup) and drop
-    /// event IDs already handled (multi-relay dedup). Both persist across
-    /// relaunches: relays hold drops for the full 24h NIP-40 window and the
-    /// persisted outbox keeps re-depositing, so in-memory-only dedup meant
-    /// every relaunch republished the same message as a fresh drop and every
-    /// gateway relaunch re-delivered the whole backlog (field-verified
-    /// amplification storm). Entries age out with the 24h drop window.
+    /// Opaque recipient/message keys already published as drops (sender-side
+    /// dedup) and drop event IDs already handled (multi-relay dedup). Both
+    /// persist across relaunches: relays hold drops for the full 24h NIP-40
+    /// window and the persisted outbox keeps re-depositing, so in-memory-only
+    /// dedup meant every relaunch republished the same message as a fresh drop
+    /// and every gateway relaunch re-delivered the whole backlog
+    /// (field-verified amplification storm). Entries age out with the 24h drop
+    /// window.
     private var publishedDropKeys: ExpiringIDSet
     private var seenDropEventIDs: ExpiringIDSet
     private var subscriptionOpen = false
@@ -126,7 +127,7 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
     }
     /// Sender operations queued locally or awaiting relay confirmation.
     /// The per-attempt ID prevents a stale pre-wipe callback from completing
-    /// a newer attempt for the same message.
+    /// a newer attempt for the same recipient/message pair.
     private var activeDropOperations: [String: ActiveDropOperation] = [:]
     /// Held-envelope publishes have no sender message ID, but still need an
     /// in-flight identity: repeated refreshes inside the relay-OK wait window
@@ -214,11 +215,46 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
 
     // MARK: - Sender role
 
+    /// Stable, opaque sender-side dedup key. Recipient scope prevents one
+    /// conversation's colliding message ID from suppressing another's drop,
+    /// while hashing keeps recipient keys out of the persisted snapshot.
+    private static func senderDropKey(
+        messageID: String,
+        recipientNoiseKey: Data
+    ) -> String {
+        var material = Data("bitchat-bridge-drop-dedup-v2".utf8)
+        appendLengthPrefixed(Data(messageID.utf8), to: &material)
+        appendLengthPrefixed(recipientNoiseKey, to: &material)
+        return "v2:\(material.sha256Hex())"
+    }
+
+    private static func appendLengthPrefixed(_ value: Data, to output: inout Data) {
+        let length = UInt32(value.count)
+        output.append(UInt8((length >> 24) & 0xFF))
+        output.append(UInt8((length >> 16) & 0xFF))
+        output.append(UInt8((length >> 8) & 0xFF))
+        output.append(UInt8(length & 0xFF))
+        output.append(value)
+    }
+
+    /// Previous releases persisted raw message IDs without recipient scope.
+    /// They remain conservative wildcards for their original 24-hour
+    /// lifetime: assigning one to a recipient would be guesswork and could
+    /// republish the original drop. New acceptances persist only v2 keys.
+    private func wasPublished(
+        legacyMessageID: String,
+        dedupKey: String,
+        now date: Date
+    ) -> Bool {
+        publishedDropKeys.contains(dedupKey, now: date)
+            || publishedDropKeys.contains(legacyMessageID, now: date)
+    }
+
     /// Parallel-deposit a sealed copy of an outbound private message as a
     /// relay drop. Called by the message router alongside physical courier
-    /// deposits; idempotent per message ID. Completion becomes true only
-    /// after a real relay acceptance arrives, which is when the router may
-    /// show "carried".
+    /// deposits; idempotent per recipient/message pair. Completion becomes
+    /// true only after a real relay acceptance arrives, which is when the
+    /// router may show "carried".
     func depositDrop(
         content: String,
         messageID: String,
@@ -229,9 +265,18 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
             completion(false)
             return
         }
-        guard !publishedDropKeys.contains(messageID, now: now()),
-              activeDropOperations[messageID] == nil,
-              !rejectedDropKeys.contains(messageID, now: now()) else {
+        let date = now()
+        let dedupKey = Self.senderDropKey(
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: recipientNoiseKey
+        )
+        guard !wasPublished(
+            legacyMessageID: messageID,
+            dedupKey: dedupKey,
+            now: date
+        ),
+              activeDropOperations[dedupKey] == nil,
+              !rejectedDropKeys.contains(dedupKey, now: date) else {
             completion(false)
             return
         }
@@ -244,13 +289,13 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
         // of the sealing); suppress it in-memory so the retry sweep does not
         // churn, but never persist it as a published drop.
         guard let encoded = envelope.encode(), encoded.count <= Limits.maxDropEnvelopeBytes else {
-            rejectedDropKeys.insert(messageID, now: now())
+            rejectedDropKeys.insert(dedupKey, now: date)
             completion(false)
             return
         }
         let operationID = UUID()
-        activeDropOperations[messageID] = ActiveDropOperation(id: operationID, completion: completion)
-        publishDrop(envelope, messageID: messageID, operationID: operationID)
+        activeDropOperations[dedupKey] = ActiveDropOperation(id: operationID, completion: completion)
+        publishDrop(envelope, dedupKey: dedupKey, operationID: operationID)
     }
 
     /// Publishes held envelopes (mail we carry for others) as drops,
@@ -272,13 +317,14 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Publishes a drop, or queues it when relays are down. `messageID` is the
-    /// sender-side dedup key (nil for held/relayed envelopes we don't track);
-    /// it rides the pending queue so an evicted or failed drop can release its
-    /// in-flight slot. Completion reports actual NIP-01 relay acceptance.
+/// Publishes a drop, or queues it when relays are down. `dedupKey` is the
+    /// opaque sender-side recipient/message key (nil for held/relayed
+    /// envelopes we don't track); it rides the pending queue so an evicted or
+    /// failed drop can release its in-flight slot. Completion reports actual
+    /// NIP-01 relay acceptance.
     private func publishDrop(
         _ envelope: CourierEnvelope,
-        messageID: String? = nil,
+        dedupKey: String? = nil,
         operationID: UUID? = nil,
         untrackedCompletion: (@MainActor (Bool) -> Void)? = nil
     ) {
@@ -286,7 +332,7 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
               encoded.count <= Limits.maxDropEnvelopeBytes,
               !envelope.isExpired else {
             finishPublish(
-                messageID: messageID,
+                dedupKey: dedupKey,
                 operationID: operationID,
                 succeeded: false,
                 untrackedCompletion: untrackedCompletion
@@ -297,15 +343,15 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
             // Held mail remains in CourierStore and has no sender operation to
             // recover after an in-memory queue loss. Leave its cooldown unset
             // and let the next connected refresh offer it again.
-            guard messageID != nil else {
+            guard dedupKey != nil else {
                 untrackedCompletion?(false)
                 return
             }
-            pendingDrops.append((envelope, messageID, operationID))
+            pendingDrops.append((envelope, dedupKey, operationID))
             while pendingDrops.count > Limits.maxPendingDrops {
                 let evicted = pendingDrops.removeFirst()
                 finishPublish(
-                    messageID: evicted.dedupKey,
+                    dedupKey: evicted.dedupKey,
                     operationID: evicted.operationID,
                     succeeded: false
                 )
@@ -321,7 +367,7 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
               ) else {
             SecureLogger.error("📦🌉 Failed to compose courier drop", category: .encryption)
             finishPublish(
-                messageID: messageID,
+                dedupKey: dedupKey,
                 operationID: operationID,
                 succeeded: false,
                 untrackedCompletion: untrackedCompletion
@@ -331,7 +377,7 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
         guard let publishEvent else {
             SecureLogger.error("📦🌉 Courier drop publisher is not configured", category: .session)
             finishPublish(
-                messageID: messageID,
+                dedupKey: dedupKey,
                 operationID: operationID,
                 succeeded: false,
                 untrackedCompletion: untrackedCompletion
@@ -341,7 +387,7 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
         publishEvent(event) { [weak self] succeeded in
             guard let self else { return }
             guard self.finishPublish(
-                messageID: messageID,
+                dedupKey: dedupKey,
                 operationID: operationID,
                 succeeded: succeeded,
                 untrackedCompletion: untrackedCompletion
@@ -356,23 +402,23 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
 
     @discardableResult
     private func finishPublish(
-        messageID: String?,
+        dedupKey: String?,
         operationID: UUID?,
         succeeded: Bool,
         untrackedCompletion: (@MainActor (Bool) -> Void)? = nil
     ) -> Bool {
-        guard let messageID else {
+        guard let dedupKey else {
             untrackedCompletion?(succeeded)
             return true
         }
         // Missing/mismatched means this callback was duplicated, invalidated
         // by panic wipe, or belongs to an older attempt for the same key.
         guard let operationID,
-              let operation = activeDropOperations[messageID],
+              let operation = activeDropOperations[dedupKey],
               operation.id == operationID else { return false }
-        activeDropOperations.removeValue(forKey: messageID)
+        activeDropOperations.removeValue(forKey: dedupKey)
         if succeeded {
-            publishedDropKeys.insert(messageID, now: now())
+            publishedDropKeys.insert(dedupKey, now: now())
             persistDedup()
         }
         operation.completion(succeeded)
@@ -387,7 +433,7 @@ final class BridgeCourierService: ObservableObject {
         for item in queued {
             publishDrop(
                 item.envelope,
-                messageID: item.dedupKey,
+                dedupKey: item.dedupKey,
                 operationID: item.operationID
             )
         }
diff --git a/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeDropDedupStore.swift b/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeDropDedupStore.swift
index 76a0fe28..0e34a3bd 100644
--- a/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeDropDedupStore.swift
+++ b/bitchat/Services/Gateway/BridgeDropDedupStore.swift
@@ -64,11 +64,11 @@ struct ExpiringIDSet {
 /// fresh drop (fresh throwaway seal, undeduplicatable downstream) and every
 /// gateway relaunch re-delivered the whole backlog. Field-verified: ~20
 /// copies of one DM delivered in 40ms fed the storm behind a permanent
-/// device freeze. Persisting both sides caps this at one drop per message
-/// ID per 24h regardless of relaunch count.
+/// device freeze. Persisting both sides caps this at one drop per
+/// recipient/message pair per 24h regardless of relaunch count.
 ///
-/// Contents are opaque IDs (message UUIDs, relay event IDs) — no plaintext,
-/// no peer identities — so until-first-unlock protection matches
+/// Contents are opaque hashes and relay event IDs — no plaintext or peer
+/// identities — so until-first-unlock protection matches
 /// `NostrProcessedEventStore`, and the file must load during a
 /// locked-background restoration relaunch. Wiped on panic with the rest of
 /// the courier state.
diff --git a/bitchat/Services/MessageRouter.swift b/bitchat/Services/MessageRouter.swift
index 0f4b5499..a070c7bf 100644
--- a/bitchat/Services/MessageRouter.swift
+++ b/bitchat/Services/MessageRouter.swift
@@ -34,6 +34,15 @@ struct CourierDirectory {
 final class MessageRouter {
     typealias QueuedMessage = MessageOutboxStore.QueuedMessage
 
+    private struct PeerMessageKey: Hashable {
+        // periphery:ignore - read only via the synthesized Hashable
+        // conformance (dictionary-key identity), which the indexer
+        // cannot attribute; see retain_codable_properties in .periphery.yml
+        // for the same class of false positive.
+        let peerID: PeerID
+        let messageID: String
+    }
+
     private let transports: [Transport]
     private let now: () -> Date
     private let courierDirectory: CourierDirectory
@@ -104,15 +113,25 @@ final class MessageRouter {
     }
 
     private var bridgeSweepTask: Task<Void, Never>?
-    private var bridgeDepositsInFlight = Set<String>()
+    private var bridgeDepositsInFlight = Set<PeerMessageKey>()
 
     private var outbox: [PeerID: [QueuedMessage]] = [:]
+    /// Peer/message pairs whose latest router-owned transmission used an
+    /// already-established secure session and still await an ack. Peer scope
+    /// is required because message IDs are not globally unique across direct
+    /// conversations. This deliberately excludes messages handed to BLE while
+    /// a handshake is pending: BLE owns those sends and drains its queue after
+    /// authentication, so retrying them here would duplicate every normal
+    /// first-handshake DM.
+    private var secureTransmissions = Set<PeerMessageKey>()
 
     // Outbox limits to prevent unbounded memory growth
     private static let maxMessagesPerPeer = 100
     private static let messageTTLSeconds: TimeInterval = 24 * 60 * 60 // 24 hours
-    // Bound resends of messages sent on a weak reachability signal that never
-    // get a delivery ack (e.g. peer on an old client that doesn't ack).
+    // Bound actual sends that never receive an ack, whether they used weak
+    // reachability or an apparently secure session that keeps being replaced.
+    // Connected pre-handshake sends are transport-owned and do not burn this
+    // cap because BLE queues/drains them itself.
     private static let maxSendAttempts = 8
     // Redundant couriers improve delivery odds; receivers dedup by message ID.
     private static let maxCouriersPerMessage = 3
@@ -171,15 +190,28 @@ final class MessageRouter {
     // MARK: - Message Sending
 
     func sendPrivate(_ content: String, to peerID: PeerID, recipientNickname: String, messageID: String) {
+        let message = QueuedMessage(
+            content: content,
+            nickname: recipientNickname,
+            messageID: messageID,
+            timestamp: now(),
+            sendAttempts: 1
+        )
+
         if let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID), transport.canDeliverSecurely(to: peerID) {
-            // A live link that can complete an encrypted delivery is a
-            // strong delivery signal; trust it outright.
+            // Even an established Noise session can be stale after the peer
+            // restarts or replaces its app. Persist before handing the packet
+            // to the transport so a fast ack cannot race ahead of retention,
+            // then keep the copy until a delivery/read ack clears it. A
+            // replacement handshake will retry this same message ID, which
+            // receivers deduplicate.
+            enqueue(message, for: peerID)
+            secureTransmissions.insert(PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: messageID))
             SecureLogger.debug("Routing PM via \(type(of: transport)) (connected) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
             transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
             return
         }
 
-        let message = QueuedMessage(content: content, nickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID, timestamp: now(), sendAttempts: 1)
         if let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID) {
             // "Connected" without an established secure session is forgeable:
             // link bindings heal on signature-verified "direct" announces, but
@@ -197,8 +229,9 @@ final class MessageRouter {
             // deposit is cleared on ack. Don't "optimize" the courier call
             // away.
             SecureLogger.debug("Routing PM via \(type(of: transport)) (connected, no secure session) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
-            transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
             enqueue(message, for: peerID)
+            secureTransmissions.remove(PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: messageID))
+            transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
             attemptCourierDeposit(messageID: messageID, for: peerID)
             return
         }
@@ -209,8 +242,8 @@ final class MessageRouter {
             // Send now, but retain a copy until a delivery/read ack clears it;
             // receivers dedup resends by message ID.
             SecureLogger.debug("Routing PM via \(type(of: transport)) (reachable) to \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
-            transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
             enqueue(message, for: peerID)
+            transport.sendPrivateMessage(content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: recipientNickname, messageID: messageID)
             // "Reachable" without prompt delivery means the send only joined
             // a queue (Nostr with relays down): also hand a sealed copy to
             // any connected couriers rather than waiting for internet that
@@ -333,11 +366,12 @@ final class MessageRouter {
         for peerID: PeerID,
         recipientKey: Data
     ) {
+        let inFlightKey = PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: message.messageID)
         guard let bridgeCourierDeposit,
-              bridgeDepositsInFlight.insert(message.messageID).inserted else { return }
+              bridgeDepositsInFlight.insert(inFlightKey).inserted else { return }
         bridgeCourierDeposit(message.content, message.messageID, recipientKey) { [weak self] succeeded in
             guard let self else { return }
-            self.bridgeDepositsInFlight.remove(message.messageID)
+            self.bridgeDepositsInFlight.remove(inFlightKey)
             // A direct delivery may have cleared the outbox while the relay
             // relay confirmation was in flight; do not regress its UI state.
             guard succeeded, self.queuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) != nil else { return }
@@ -356,8 +390,23 @@ final class MessageRouter {
 
     // MARK: - Outbox Management
 
-    /// A delivery or read ack confirms receipt; stop retaining the message.
+    /// A locally trusted delivery transition confirms receipt; stop retaining
+    /// every copy of the message. Authenticated remote receipts must use the
+    /// peer-bound overload below instead.
     func markDelivered(_ messageID: String) {
+        clearRetainedMessage(messageID)
+    }
+
+    /// Stops retaining a message only for the authenticated conversation
+    /// aliases that produced the accepted receipt. A peer that learns another
+    /// conversation's message ID cannot use it to clear that conversation's
+    /// retry state.
+    func markDelivered(_ messageID: String, from peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) {
+        guard !peerIDs.isEmpty else { return }
+        _ = markDelivered(messageID, for: Array(peerIDs))
+    }
+
+    private func clearRetainedMessage(_ messageID: String) {
         var cleared = false
         for (peerID, queue) in outbox {
             let filtered = queue.filter { $0.messageID != messageID }
@@ -365,6 +414,10 @@ final class MessageRouter {
             outbox[peerID] = filtered.isEmpty ? nil : filtered
             cleared = true
         }
+        let matchingSecureTransmissions = secureTransmissions.filter {
+            $0.messageID == messageID
+        }
+        secureTransmissions.subtract(matchingSecureTransmissions)
         // The durable snapshot may still be hidden by protected data. Record
         // the ack even when this cold-load view cannot find the message, then
         // persist the current view so the store retains a removal tombstone.
@@ -391,6 +444,9 @@ final class MessageRouter {
             outbox[peerID] = filtered.isEmpty ? nil : filtered
             cleared = true
         }
+        for peerID in peerIDs {
+            secureTransmissions.remove(PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: messageID))
+        }
         // Preserve the scoped ack even when protected data hides the durable
         // queue during a cold launch.
         outboxStore?.recordRemoval(messageID: messageID, for: peerIDs)
@@ -424,7 +480,34 @@ final class MessageRouter {
         persistOutbox()
     }
 
+    @discardableResult
+    private func removeQueuedMessage(_ messageID: String, for peerID: PeerID) -> Bool {
+        guard let queue = outbox[peerID],
+              let index = queue.firstIndex(where: { $0.messageID == messageID }) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        var updated = queue
+        updated.remove(at: index)
+        outbox[peerID] = updated.isEmpty ? nil : updated
+        return true
+    }
+
+    @discardableResult
+    private func incrementSendAttemptsIfQueued(_ messageID: String, for peerID: PeerID) -> Bool {
+        guard var queue = outbox[peerID],
+              let index = queue.firstIndex(where: { $0.messageID == messageID }) else {
+            // A synchronous delivery/read ack may have cleared the retained
+            // copy while `sendPrivateMessage` was on the stack. Never
+            // resurrect it from the flush snapshot.
+            return false
+        }
+        queue[index].sendAttempts += 1
+        outbox[peerID] = queue
+        return true
+    }
+
     private func dropMessage(_ messageID: String, for peerID: PeerID) {
+        secureTransmissions.remove(PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: messageID))
         metrics?.record(.outboxDropped)
         onMessageDropped?(messageID, peerID)
     }
@@ -468,6 +551,7 @@ final class MessageRouter {
     /// Panic wipe: forget queued mail on disk and in memory.
     func wipeOutbox() {
         outbox.removeAll()
+        secureTransmissions.removeAll()
         outboxStore?.wipe()
     }
 
@@ -495,26 +579,160 @@ final class MessageRouter {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Retries only messages that the router previously transmitted through
+    /// an already-established secure session and that still await an ack.
+    ///
+    /// A peer restart can leave that local session looking usable until the
+    /// replacement handshake arrives; the first ciphertext is then
+    /// undecryptable remotely. Normal pre-handshake sends are intentionally
+    /// absent from `secureTransmissions` because BLE already queues
+    /// and drains them when authentication completes.
+    func retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for peerIDAliases: [PeerID]) {
+        typealias Candidate = (
+            peerID: PeerID,
+            message: QueuedMessage,
+            aliasOrder: Int,
+            queueOrder: Int
+        )
+
+        var visitedPeerIDs = Set<PeerID>()
+        var retriedMessageIDs = Set<String>()
+        var outboxChanged = false
+        let currentDate = now()
+        var candidates: [Candidate] = []
+
+        for (aliasOrder, peerID) in peerIDAliases.enumerated() {
+            guard visitedPeerIDs.insert(peerID).inserted else { continue }
+            guard let queued = outbox[peerID], !queued.isEmpty,
+                  let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID),
+                  transport.canDeliverSecurely(to: peerID) else {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            for (queueOrder, message) in queued.enumerated() {
+                let key = PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: message.messageID)
+                guard secureTransmissions.contains(key) else { continue }
+                candidates.append((
+                    peerID: peerID,
+                    message: message,
+                    aliasOrder: aliasOrder,
+                    queueOrder: queueOrder
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Conversation migration can leave retained messages split across the
+        // ephemeral and stable outbox keys. Merge both queues into one
+        // chronological stream so callback alias order cannot send newer mail
+        // ahead of older mail.
+        candidates.sort { lhs, rhs in
+            if lhs.message.timestamp != rhs.message.timestamp {
+                return lhs.message.timestamp < rhs.message.timestamp
+            }
+            if lhs.aliasOrder != rhs.aliasOrder {
+                return lhs.aliasOrder < rhs.aliasOrder
+            }
+            if lhs.queueOrder != rhs.queueOrder {
+                return lhs.queueOrder < rhs.queueOrder
+            }
+            return lhs.message.messageID < rhs.message.messageID
+        }
+
+        for candidate in candidates {
+            let peerID = candidate.peerID
+            let message = candidate.message
+            let key = PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: message.messageID)
+            guard retriedMessageIDs.insert(message.messageID).inserted,
+                  secureTransmissions.contains(key),
+                  queuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) != nil,
+                  let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID),
+                  transport.canDeliverSecurely(to: peerID) else {
+                continue
+            }
+
+            if currentDate.timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp) > Self.messageTTLSeconds {
+                if removeQueuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) {
+                    dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                    outboxChanged = true
+                }
+                continue
+            }
+
+            guard message.sendAttempts < Self.maxSendAttempts else {
+                SecureLogger.warning(
+                    "📤 Dropping unacked PM for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))… after \(message.sendAttempts) secure attempts",
+                    category: .session
+                )
+                if removeQueuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) {
+                    dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                    outboxChanged = true
+                }
+                continue
+            }
+
+            SecureLogger.debug(
+                "Auth retry -> \(type(of: transport)) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…",
+                category: .session
+            )
+            transport.sendPrivateMessage(
+                message.content,
+                to: peerID,
+                recipientNickname: message.nickname,
+                messageID: message.messageID
+            )
+            metrics?.record(.outboxResent)
+            outboxChanged = incrementSendAttemptsIfQueued(message.messageID, for: peerID) || outboxChanged
+        }
+
+        if outboxChanged {
+            persistOutbox()
+        }
+    }
+
     func flushOutbox(for peerID: PeerID) {
         guard let queued = outbox[peerID], !queued.isEmpty else { return }
         SecureLogger.debug("Flushing outbox for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… count=\(queued.count)", category: .session)
 
         let now = now()
-        var remaining: [QueuedMessage] = []
+        var outboxChanged = false
 
         for message in queued {
+            // A synchronous ack from an earlier send in this flush may have
+            // removed an entry from the live outbox. The snapshot is only an
+            // iteration order; never use it to recreate removed messages.
+            guard queuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) != nil else { continue }
+
             // Skip expired messages (TTL exceeded)
             if now.timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp) > Self.messageTTLSeconds {
                 SecureLogger.debug("⏰ Expired queued message for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))… (age: \(Int(now.timeIntervalSince(message.timestamp)))s)", category: .session)
-                dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                if removeQueuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) {
+                    dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                    outboxChanged = true
+                }
                 continue
             }
 
             if let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID), transport.canDeliverSecurely(to: peerID) {
-                // Live link with a secure session: send and stop retaining.
+                // A secure session is meaningful enough to retry, but not
+                // proof that this particular ciphertext reached the peer: the
+                // remote app may have restarted while our old session still
+                // looked established. Retain until an ack, while bounding
+                // actual secure transmissions for peers that never ack.
+                guard message.sendAttempts < Self.maxSendAttempts else {
+                    SecureLogger.warning("📤 Dropping unacked PM for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))… after \(message.sendAttempts) attempts", category: .session)
+                    if removeQueuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) {
+                        dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                        outboxChanged = true
+                    }
+                    continue
+                }
                 SecureLogger.debug("Outbox -> \(type(of: transport)) (connected) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+                secureTransmissions.insert(
+                    PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: message.messageID)
+                )
                 transport.sendPrivateMessage(message.content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: message.nickname, messageID: message.messageID)
                 metrics?.record(.outboxResent)
+                outboxChanged = incrementSendAttemptsIfQueued(message.messageID, for: peerID) || outboxChanged
             } else if let transport = connectedTransport(for: peerID) {
                 // "Connected" without a secure session — possibly a stolen
                 // binding from a replayed announce: send (a genuine link
@@ -527,9 +745,11 @@ final class MessageRouter {
                 // preserve. Retention stays bounded by the 24h outbox TTL
                 // and the per-peer FIFO cap.
                 SecureLogger.debug("Outbox -> \(type(of: transport)) (connected, no secure session) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
+                secureTransmissions.remove(
+                    PeerMessageKey(peerID: peerID, messageID: message.messageID)
+                )
                 transport.sendPrivateMessage(message.content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: message.nickname, messageID: message.messageID)
                 metrics?.record(.outboxResent)
-                remaining.append(message)
             } else if let transport = reachableTransport(for: peerID) {
                 // Reachability without a connection is a freshness heuristic,
                 // so the send can silently go nowhere: send but keep retaining
@@ -537,26 +757,22 @@ final class MessageRouter {
                 // that never ack.
                 guard message.sendAttempts < Self.maxSendAttempts else {
                     SecureLogger.warning("📤 Dropping unacked PM for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))… after \(message.sendAttempts) attempts", category: .session)
-                    dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                    if removeQueuedMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID) {
+                        dropMessage(message.messageID, for: peerID)
+                        outboxChanged = true
+                    }
                     continue
                 }
                 SecureLogger.debug("Outbox -> \(type(of: transport)) (reachable) for \(peerID.id.prefix(8))… id=\(message.messageID.prefix(8))…", category: .session)
                 transport.sendPrivateMessage(message.content, to: peerID, recipientNickname: message.nickname, messageID: message.messageID)
                 metrics?.record(.outboxResent)
-                var retained = message
-                retained.sendAttempts += 1
-                remaining.append(retained)
-            } else {
-                remaining.append(message)
+                outboxChanged = incrementSendAttemptsIfQueued(message.messageID, for: peerID) || outboxChanged
             }
         }
 
-        if remaining.isEmpty {
-            outbox.removeValue(forKey: peerID)
-        } else {
-            outbox[peerID] = remaining
+        if outboxChanged {
+            persistOutbox()
         }
-        persistOutbox()
     }
 
     func flushAllOutbox() {
diff --git a/bitchat/Services/NoiseEncryptionService.swift b/bitchat/Services/NoiseEncryptionService.swift
index de9bb347..1bf2b574 100644
--- a/bitchat/Services/NoiseEncryptionService.swift
+++ b/bitchat/Services/NoiseEncryptionService.swift
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ enum EncryptionStatus: Equatable {
     case noiseHandshaking   // Currently establishing
     case noiseSecured       // Established but not verified
     case noiseVerified      // Established and verified
-    
+
     var icon: String? {  // Made optional to hide icon when no handshake
         switch self {
         case .none:
@@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ final class NoiseEncryptionService {
         guard let packetData = packet.toBinaryDataForSigning() else {
             return nil
         }
-        
+
         // Sign with the noise private key (converted to Ed25519 for signing)
         guard let signature = signData(packetData) else {
             return nil
@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ final class NoiseEncryptionService {
         }
         return try sessionManager.encrypt(data, for: peerID)
     }
-    
+
     /// Decrypt data from a specific peer
     func decrypt(_ data: Data, from peerID: PeerID) throws -> Data {
         try decryptWithSessionGeneration(data, from: peerID).plaintext
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ final class NoiseEncryptionService {
         let isStandardCiphertext = NoiseSecurityValidator.validateCiphertextSize(data)
         let isAdmittedCiphertext = isStandardCiphertext
             || NoiseSecurityValidator.validatePrivateFileCiphertextSize(data)
-        
+
         // A quarantined transport is deliberately unavailable for outbound
         // state, but remains receive-only until the responder proves identity
         // or the bounded rollback restores it.
diff --git a/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatDeliveryCoordinator.swift b/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatDeliveryCoordinator.swift
index 20049439..dcaf95e6 100644
--- a/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatDeliveryCoordinator.swift
+++ b/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatDeliveryCoordinator.swift
@@ -21,6 +21,14 @@ protocol ChatDeliveryContext: AnyObject {
     /// message is unknown or no copy changed.
     @discardableResult
     func setDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String) -> Bool
+    /// Applies an authenticated receipt only to the direct conversations
+    /// represented by the supplied peer aliases.
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(
+        _ status: DeliveryStatus,
+        forMessageID messageID: String,
+        inDirectPeerAliases peerIDs: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool
     /// Current delivery status of the message in whichever conversation holds it.
     func deliveryStatus(forMessageID messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus?
     /// Message IDs across all direct conversations (read-receipt pruning).
@@ -33,6 +41,19 @@ protocol ChatDeliveryContext: AnyObject {
     func notifyUIChanged()
     /// Confirms receipt so the message router stops retaining the message for resend.
     func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String)
+    /// Peer-bound form for authenticated remote receipts. Only the supplied
+    /// conversation aliases may have retained state terminalized. This is the
+    /// router-side clear only: it is safe without a conversation lookup
+    /// because the router scopes removal to the acking peer's own queues.
+    func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String, from peerIDs: Set<PeerID>)
+    /// Releases the media reconnect retry for a private transfer. Unlike the
+    /// router clear above this is keyed only by the stable media message ID,
+    /// so callers must first bind the receipt to one of our outgoing
+    /// conversations for the acking peer.
+    func confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(_ messageID: String)
+    /// Returns true only when `messageID` is one of our outgoing messages in
+    /// at least one of the authenticated peer's direct-conversation aliases.
+    func isOutgoingPrivateMessage(_ messageID: String, toAny peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) -> Bool
 }
 
 extension ChatViewModel: ChatDeliveryContext {
@@ -41,6 +62,19 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatDeliveryContext {
         conversations.setDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID)
     }
 
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(
+        _ status: DeliveryStatus,
+        forMessageID messageID: String,
+        inDirectPeerAliases peerIDs: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        conversations.setDeliveryStatus(
+            status,
+            forMessageID: messageID,
+            inDirectPeerAliases: peerIDs
+        )
+    }
+
     func deliveryStatus(forMessageID messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus? {
         conversations.deliveryStatus(forMessageID: messageID)
     }
@@ -59,6 +93,24 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatDeliveryContext {
             messageID: messageID
         )
     }
+
+    func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String, from peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) {
+        messageRouter.markDelivered(messageID, from: peerIDs)
+    }
+
+    func confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(_ messageID: String) {
+        mediaTransferCoordinator.confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(
+            messageID: messageID
+        )
+    }
+
+    func isOutgoingPrivateMessage(_ messageID: String, toAny peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) -> Bool {
+        peerIDs.contains { peerID in
+            privateMessages(for: peerID).contains { message in
+                message.id == messageID && message.senderPeerID == myPeerID
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Thin mapper from delivery events (read receipts, transport delivery
@@ -86,9 +138,10 @@ final class ChatDeliveryCoordinator {
 
     @MainActor
     func didReceiveReadReceipt(_ receipt: ReadReceipt) {
-        updateMessageDeliveryStatus(
+        updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
             receipt.originalMessageID,
-            status: .read(by: receipt.readerNickname, at: receipt.timestamp)
+            status: .read(by: receipt.readerNickname, at: receipt.timestamp),
+            from: [receipt.readerID]
         )
     }
 
@@ -105,17 +158,59 @@ final class ChatDeliveryCoordinator {
     @MainActor
     @discardableResult
     func updateMessageDeliveryStatus(_ messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus) -> Bool {
+        guard context.setDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID) else {
+            return false
+        }
         switch status {
         case .delivered, .read:
-            // Confirmed receipt — stop retaining the message for resend.
+            // Terminalize only after the store accepted the transition.
             context.markMessageDelivered(messageID)
         default:
             break
         }
+        context.notifyUIChanged()
+        return true
+    }
 
-        guard context.setDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID) else {
+    /// Applies an authenticated remote delivery/read receipt. The durable
+    /// retry state is always released for the acking peer's own aliases
+    /// (`markMessageDelivered(_:from:)` is peer-scoped on the router side, so
+    /// a receipt can only terminalize messages queued for that peer). Only the
+    /// UI status transition and the media-retry release are gated on the
+    /// in-memory conversation holding the message as one of ours: after a
+    /// force-quit → relaunch the durable outbox is restored
+    /// while the conversation may not be, and discarding the ack there would
+    /// re-send an already-delivered message on every flush/auth event until
+    /// the attempt cap marks it failed. Mirrors the Nostr path
+    /// (`ChatPrivateConversationCoordinator.handleDelivered`), which clears
+    /// retained state unconditionally.
+    @MainActor
+    @discardableResult
+    func updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+        _ messageID: String,
+        status: DeliveryStatus,
+        from peerIDAliases: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        switch status {
+        case .delivered, .read:
+            break
+        default:
             return false
         }
+        guard !peerIDAliases.isEmpty else { return false }
+        context.markMessageDelivered(messageID, from: peerIDAliases)
+        guard context.isOutgoingPrivateMessage(messageID, toAny: peerIDAliases),
+              context.setDeliveryStatus(
+                status,
+                forMessageID: messageID,
+                inDirectPeerAliases: peerIDAliases
+              ) else {
+            return false
+        }
+        // The receipt is now bound to one of our outgoing conversations for
+        // the acking peer; only then release the media reconnect retry, whose
+        // stable message ID is not peer-scoped.
+        context.confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(messageID)
         context.notifyUIChanged()
         return true
     }
diff --git a/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatTransportEventCoordinator.swift b/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatTransportEventCoordinator.swift
index 72641812..ee2d8b6c 100644
--- a/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatTransportEventCoordinator.swift
+++ b/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatTransportEventCoordinator.swift
@@ -62,10 +62,15 @@ protocol ChatTransportEventContext: AnyObject {
     func sendMeshDeliveryAck(for messageID: String, to peerID: PeerID)
 
     // MARK: Delivery status
-    /// Applies the status to every known location of the message.
-    /// Returns `false` when no message with that ID was updated.
+    /// Applies an authenticated receipt to the message only when it belongs
+    /// to the supplied peer conversation aliases. Returns `false` for an
+    /// unknown ID, wrong peer, or rejected status transition.
     @discardableResult
-    func applyMessageDeliveryStatus(_ messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus) -> Bool
+    func applyAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+        _ messageID: String,
+        status: DeliveryStatus,
+        from peerIDAliases: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool
     func deliveryStatus(for messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus?
 
     // MARK: Verification payloads
@@ -122,8 +127,16 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatTransportEventContext {
     }
 
     @discardableResult
-    func applyMessageDeliveryStatus(_ messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus) -> Bool {
-        deliveryCoordinator.updateMessageDeliveryStatus(messageID, status: status)
+    func applyAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+        _ messageID: String,
+        status: DeliveryStatus,
+        from peerIDAliases: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        deliveryCoordinator.updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+            messageID,
+            status: status,
+            from: peerIDAliases
+        )
     }
 
     func deliveryStatus(for messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus? {
@@ -446,9 +459,10 @@ private extension ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
             guard let messageID = String(data: payload, encoding: .utf8) else { return }
 
             let name = deliveryStatusName(for: peerID, in: context)
-            let didUpdate = context.applyMessageDeliveryStatus(
+            let didUpdate = context.applyAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
                 messageID,
-                status: .delivered(to: name, at: Date())
+                status: .delivered(to: name, at: Date()),
+                from: receiptPeerAliases(for: peerID, in: context)
             )
 
             if !didUpdate {
@@ -463,9 +477,10 @@ private extension ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
             guard let messageID = String(data: payload, encoding: .utf8) else { return }
 
             let name = deliveryStatusName(for: peerID, in: context)
-            let didUpdate = context.applyMessageDeliveryStatus(
+            let didUpdate = context.applyAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
                 messageID,
-                status: .read(by: name, at: Date())
+                status: .read(by: name, at: Date()),
+                from: receiptPeerAliases(for: peerID, in: context)
             )
 
             if !didUpdate {
@@ -503,4 +518,21 @@ private extension ChatTransportEventCoordinator {
     func deliveryStatusName(for peerID: PeerID, in context: any ChatTransportEventContext) -> String {
         context.unifiedPeer(for: peerID)?.nickname ?? context.resolveNickname(for: peerID)
     }
+
+    @MainActor
+    func receiptPeerAliases(
+        for peerID: PeerID,
+        in context: any ChatTransportEventContext
+    ) -> Set<PeerID> {
+        var aliases: Set<PeerID> = [peerID]
+        // The active authenticated Noise key is authoritative. A cached
+        // ephemeral→stable mapping can predate an identity replacement, so
+        // use it only when the live session cannot provide its static key.
+        if let keyData = context.noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for: peerID) {
+            aliases.insert(PeerID(hexData: keyData))
+        } else if let stablePeerID = context.cachedStablePeerID(for: peerID) {
+            aliases.insert(stablePeerID)
+        }
+        return aliases
+    }
 }
diff --git a/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatVerificationCoordinator.swift b/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatVerificationCoordinator.swift
index e767a5e9..2de291ff 100644
--- a/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatVerificationCoordinator.swift
+++ b/bitchat/ViewModels/ChatVerificationCoordinator.swift
@@ -59,6 +59,10 @@ protocol ChatVerificationContext: AnyObject {
     func hasEstablishedNoiseSession(with peerID: PeerID) -> Bool
     func triggerHandshake(with peerID: PeerID)
     func privateMediaPeerDidAuthenticate(_ peerID: PeerID)
+    /// Retries only private messages previously transmitted through a secure
+    /// session and still pending an ack. Both ephemeral and stable aliases
+    /// are supplied because either can own the outbox entry.
+    func retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for peerIDAliases: [PeerID])
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)
     func sendVerifyResponse(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)
 
@@ -121,6 +125,10 @@ extension ChatViewModel: ChatVerificationContext {
         mediaTransferCoordinator.peerDidAuthenticate(peerID.toShort())
     }
 
+    func retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for peerIDAliases: [PeerID]) {
+        messageRouter.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: peerIDAliases)
+    }
+
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {
         meshService.sendVerifyChallenge(to: peerID, noiseKeyHex: noiseKeyHex, nonceA: nonceA)
     }
@@ -216,16 +224,37 @@ final class ChatVerificationCoordinator {
 
                     self.context.invalidateEncryptionCache(for: peerID)
 
-                    if self.context.cachedStablePeerID(for: peerID) == nil,
-                       let keyData = self.context.noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for: peerID) {
+                    var authenticatedStablePeerID: PeerID?
+                    if let keyData = self.context.noiseSessionPublicKeyData(for: peerID) {
                         let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: keyData)
-                        self.context.cacheStablePeerID(stablePeerID, for: peerID)
+                        authenticatedStablePeerID = stablePeerID
+                        if self.context.cachedStablePeerID(for: peerID) != stablePeerID {
+                            // The freshly authenticated Noise key outranks a
+                            // stale announce-derived alias.
+                            self.context.cacheStablePeerID(stablePeerID, for: peerID)
+                        }
                         SecureLogger.debug(
                             "🗺️ Mapped short peerID to Noise key for header continuity: \(peerID) -> \(stablePeerID.id.prefix(8))…",
                             category: .session
                         )
                     }
 
+                    // A locally established session may have belonged to the
+                    // peer's previous app process. The first ciphertext sent
+                    // into that stale session is retained by MessageRouter;
+                    // retry it now that this newly authenticated/replacement
+                    // session can actually decrypt it.
+                    var peerIDAliases = [peerID]
+                    if let stablePeerID = authenticatedStablePeerID
+                        ?? self.context.cachedStablePeerID(for: peerID),
+                       stablePeerID != peerID {
+                        // Conversations can migrate from the ephemeral BLE ID
+                        // to the authenticated Noise-key ID. Retry both aliases
+                        // because either may own the retained outbox entry.
+                        peerIDAliases.append(stablePeerID)
+                    }
+                    self.context.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: peerIDAliases)
+
                     if var pending = self.pendingQRVerifications[peerID], pending.sent == false {
                         self.context.sendVerifyChallenge(
                             to: peerID,
diff --git a/bitchatTests/ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests.swift b/bitchatTests/ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests.swift
index 31bea94a..aa02b255 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests.swift
@@ -133,11 +133,17 @@ private final class MockChatTransportEventContext: ChatTransportEventContext {
     // Delivery status
     var applyMessageDeliveryStatusResult = true
     var deliveryStatusesByMessageID: [String: DeliveryStatus] = [:]
-    private(set) var appliedDeliveryStatuses: [(messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus)] = []
+    private(set) var appliedDeliveryStatuses: [
+        (messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus, peerIDAliases: Set<PeerID>)
+    ] = []
 
     @discardableResult
-    func applyMessageDeliveryStatus(_ messageID: String, status: DeliveryStatus) -> Bool {
-        appliedDeliveryStatuses.append((messageID, status))
+    func applyAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+        _ messageID: String,
+        status: DeliveryStatus,
+        from peerIDAliases: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        appliedDeliveryStatuses.append((messageID, status, peerIDAliases))
         return applyMessageDeliveryStatusResult
     }
 
@@ -417,6 +423,10 @@ struct ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests {
         let peerID = PeerID(str: "99aabbccddeeff00")
         let noiseKey = Data(repeating: 0x44, count: 32)
         context.peersByID[peerID] = BitchatPeer(peerID: peerID, noisePublicKey: noiseKey, nickname: "alice")
+        let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: noiseKey)
+        let staleStablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x55, count: 32))
+        context.cacheStablePeerID(staleStablePeerID, for: peerID)
+        context.noiseSessionKeysByPeerID[peerID] = noiseKey
 
         // Inbound private message: decoded, handled, and delivery-acked.
         let packet = PrivateMessagePacket(messageID: "pm-1", content: "hi there")
@@ -438,6 +448,8 @@ struct ChatTransportEventCoordinatorContextTests {
         await drainMainActorTasks()
         #expect(context.appliedDeliveryStatuses.count == 2)
         #expect(context.appliedDeliveryStatuses[0].messageID == "m-1")
+        #expect(context.appliedDeliveryStatuses[0].peerIDAliases == [peerID, stablePeerID])
+        #expect(!context.appliedDeliveryStatuses[0].peerIDAliases.contains(staleStablePeerID))
         if case .delivered(let to, _) = context.appliedDeliveryStatuses[0].status {
             #expect(to == "alice")
         } else {
diff --git a/bitchatTests/ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests.swift b/bitchatTests/ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests.swift
index 59d04b9a..83cc7296 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests.swift
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ private final class MockChatVerificationContext: ChatVerificationContext {
     private(set) var installedCallbacks: (onPeerAuthenticated: (PeerID, String) -> Void, onHandshakeRequired: (PeerID) -> Void)?
     private(set) var triggeredHandshakes: [PeerID] = []
     private(set) var privateMediaAuthenticatedPeers: [PeerID] = []
+    private(set) var securePrivateMessageRetryAliases: [[PeerID]] = []
     private(set) var sentChallenges: [(peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)] = []
     private(set) var sentResponses: [(peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data)] = []
 
@@ -118,6 +119,10 @@ private final class MockChatVerificationContext: ChatVerificationContext {
         privateMediaAuthenticatedPeers.append(peerID)
     }
 
+    func retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for peerIDAliases: [PeerID]) {
+        securePrivateMessageRetryAliases.append(peerIDAliases)
+    }
+
     func sendVerifyChallenge(to peerID: PeerID, noiseKeyHex: String, nonceA: Data) {
         sentChallenges.append((peerID, noiseKeyHex, nonceA))
     }
@@ -269,6 +274,10 @@ struct ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests {
         let peerID = PeerID(str: "1122334455667788")
         let noiseKey = Data(repeating: 0x33, count: 32)
         context.noiseSessionKeysByPeerID[peerID] = noiseKey
+        context.cacheStablePeerID(
+            PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x44, count: 32)),
+            for: peerID
+        )
         context.verifiedFingerprints = ["fp-verified"]
 
         coordinator.setupNoiseCallbacks()
@@ -279,9 +288,11 @@ struct ChatVerificationCoordinatorContextTests {
         callbacks?.onPeerAuthenticated(peerID, "fp-verified")
         await waitForMainQueue()
         #expect(context.encryptionStatuses[peerID] == .noiseVerified)
-        #expect(context.stablePeerIDCache[peerID] == PeerID(hexData: noiseKey))
+        let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: noiseKey)
+        #expect(context.stablePeerIDCache[peerID] == stablePeerID)
         #expect(context.invalidatedEncryptionCachePeers.contains(peerID))
         #expect(context.privateMediaAuthenticatedPeers == [peerID])
+        #expect(context.securePrivateMessageRetryAliases == [[peerID, stablePeerID]])
 
         // Handshake required -> handshaking status.
         callbacks?.onHandshakeRequired(peerID)
diff --git a/bitchatTests/ChatViewModelDeliveryStatusTests.swift b/bitchatTests/ChatViewModelDeliveryStatusTests.swift
index fca755f2..15a1edea 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/ChatViewModelDeliveryStatusTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/ChatViewModelDeliveryStatusTests.swift
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@ import BitFoundation
 // MARK: - Test Helpers
 
 @MainActor
-private func makeTestableViewModel() -> (viewModel: ChatViewModel, transport: MockTransport) {
-    let keychain = MockKeychain()
+private func makeTestableViewModel(
+    keychain injectedKeychain: MockKeychain? = nil,
+    outboxStore: MessageOutboxStore? = nil
+) -> (viewModel: ChatViewModel, transport: MockTransport) {
+    let keychain = injectedKeychain ?? MockKeychain()
     let keychainHelper = MockKeychainHelper()
     let idBridge = NostrIdentityBridge(keychain: keychainHelper)
     let identityManager = MockIdentityManager(keychain)
@@ -24,7 +27,8 @@ private func makeTestableViewModel() -> (viewModel: ChatViewModel, transport: Mo
         keychain: keychain,
         idBridge: idBridge,
         identityManager: identityManager,
-        transport: transport
+        transport: transport,
+        outboxStore: outboxStore
     )
 
     return (viewModel, transport)
@@ -298,6 +302,137 @@ struct ChatViewModelDeliveryStatusTests {
         }())
     }
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticatedNoiseAckCannotClearAnotherPeersRetryState() async {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let intendedPeer = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let otherPeer = PeerID(str: "1112131415161718")
+        let messageID = "noise-peer-bound-ack"
+
+        viewModel.seedPrivateChat(
+            [
+                BitchatMessage(
+                    id: messageID,
+                    sender: viewModel.nickname,
+                    content: "Keep retrying",
+                    timestamp: Date(),
+                    isRelay: false,
+                    isPrivate: true,
+                    recipientNickname: "Intended",
+                    senderPeerID: viewModel.myPeerID,
+                    deliveryStatus: .sent
+                )
+            ],
+            for: intendedPeer
+        )
+        transport.reachablePeers.insert(intendedPeer)
+        viewModel.messageRouter.sendPrivate(
+            "Keep retrying",
+            to: intendedPeer,
+            recipientNickname: "Intended",
+            messageID: messageID
+        )
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
+
+        // This models a decrypted Noise receipt: the transport-authenticated
+        // peer is authoritative, not the attacker-controlled message ID.
+        viewModel.didReceiveNoisePayload(
+            from: otherPeer,
+            type: .delivered,
+            payload: Data(messageID.utf8),
+            timestamp: Date()
+        )
+        for _ in 0..<10 { await Task.yield() }
+
+        #expect(isSent(viewModel.conversations.deliveryStatus(forMessageID: messageID)))
+        viewModel.messageRouter.flushOutbox(for: intendedPeer)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+
+        viewModel.didReceiveNoisePayload(
+            from: intendedPeer,
+            type: .delivered,
+            payload: Data(messageID.utf8),
+            timestamp: Date()
+        )
+        for _ in 0..<10 { await Task.yield() }
+
+        #expect(isDelivered(viewModel.conversations.deliveryStatus(forMessageID: messageID)))
+        viewModel.messageRouter.flushOutbox(for: intendedPeer)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticatedNoiseAckClearsOnlyIntendedPeersPrivateMediaRetry() async throws {
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
+        let intendedPeer = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let otherPeer = PeerID(str: "1112131415161718")
+        let fileName = "voice_0011223344556677.m4a"
+        let content = Data("voice".utf8)
+
+        transport.privateMediaPolicies[intendedPeer] = .encrypted
+        transport.privateMediaReceiptSessionGenerations[intendedPeer] = UUID()
+        viewModel.selectedPrivateChatPeer = intendedPeer
+        let coordinator = ChatMediaTransferCoordinator(
+            context: viewModel,
+            prepareVoiceNotePacket: { _ in
+                BitchatFilePacket(
+                    fileName: fileName,
+                    fileSize: UInt64(content.count),
+                    mimeType: "audio/mp4",
+                    content: content
+                )
+            },
+            transferIDFactory: { "\($0)-receipt-ack" }
+        )
+        viewModel.mediaTransferCoordinator = coordinator
+
+        let directory = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent(
+                "scoped-media-ack-\(UUID().uuidString)",
+                isDirectory: true
+            )
+        try FileManager.default.createDirectory(
+            at: directory,
+            withIntermediateDirectories: true
+        )
+        let sourceURL = directory.appendingPathComponent(fileName)
+        try content.write(to: sourceURL)
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: directory) }
+
+        coordinator.sendVoiceNote(at: sourceURL)
+        #expect(await TestHelpers.waitUntil(
+            {
+                transport.sentPrivateFiles.count == 1
+                    && coordinator.retainedReconnectRetryCount == 1
+            },
+            timeout: TestConstants.longTimeout
+        ))
+        let messageID = try #require(
+            viewModel.privateChats[intendedPeer]?.first?.id
+        )
+        let transferID = try #require(
+            transport.sentPrivateFiles.first?.transferID
+        )
+
+        #expect(!viewModel.deliveryCoordinator
+            .updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+                messageID,
+                status: .delivered(to: "Other", at: Date()),
+                from: [otherPeer]
+            ))
+        #expect(coordinator.retainedReconnectRetryCount == 1)
+        #expect(transport.cancelledTransfers.isEmpty)
+
+        #expect(viewModel.deliveryCoordinator
+            .updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+                messageID,
+                status: .delivered(to: "Intended", at: Date()),
+                from: [intendedPeer]
+            ))
+        #expect(coordinator.retainedReconnectRetryCount == 0)
+        #expect(transport.cancelledTransfers == [transferID])
+    }
+
     @Test @MainActor
     func cleanupOldReadReceipts_removesReceiptIDsWithoutMessages() async {
         let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel()
@@ -323,6 +458,65 @@ struct ChatViewModelDeliveryStatusTests {
         #expect(viewModel.sentReadReceipts == ["keep-receipt"])
     }
 
+    // MARK: - Relaunch-Restored Outbox Tests
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func deliveryAckAfterRelaunchClearsRestoredOutboxWithoutConversation() async {
+        // Force-quit → relaunch: the durable outbox restores the retained DM,
+        // but the in-memory conversation store starts empty. The delivery ack
+        // must still clear the router's retained copy — gating it on the
+        // conversation lookup would leave the entry re-sending on every
+        // flush/auth event until the attempt cap marks it failed despite
+        // delivery.
+        let fileURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent("relaunch-ack-\(UUID().uuidString).sealed")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL) }
+        let keychain = MockKeychain()
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let messageID = "relaunch-retained-dm"
+
+        // Pre-quit state: one retained private message on disk.
+        MessageOutboxStore(keychain: keychain, fileURL: fileURL).save([
+            peerID: [MessageOutboxStore.QueuedMessage(
+                content: "Sent before force-quit",
+                nickname: "Peer",
+                messageID: messageID,
+                timestamp: Date()
+            )]
+        ])
+
+        // Relaunch: fresh view model over the same durable store.
+        let (viewModel, transport) = makeTestableViewModel(
+            keychain: keychain,
+            outboxStore: MessageOutboxStore(keychain: keychain, fileURL: fileURL)
+        )
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[peerID] == nil)
+
+        // The peer's delivery ack arrives with no conversation in the store.
+        // No UI transition is possible (and none must crash), but the durable
+        // retry state has to clear.
+        let didUpdate = viewModel.deliveryCoordinator
+            .updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+                messageID,
+                status: .delivered(to: "Peer", at: Date()),
+                from: [peerID]
+            )
+        #expect(!didUpdate)
+        #expect(viewModel.privateChats[peerID] == nil)
+
+        // Neither a flush nor a replacement-handshake auth event may re-send
+        // the already-delivered message.
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+        viewModel.messageRouter.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        viewModel.messageRouter.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [peerID])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.isEmpty)
+
+        // The clear reached the durable snapshot: the next relaunch restores
+        // nothing.
+        #expect(MessageOutboxStore(keychain: keychain, fileURL: fileURL).load().isEmpty)
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Public Timeline Status Tests
 
     @Test @MainActor
@@ -577,12 +771,27 @@ private final class MockChatDeliveryContext: ChatDeliveryContext {
     var isStartupPhase = false
     private(set) var notifyUIChangedCount = 0
     private(set) var markedDeliveredMessageIDs: [String] = []
+    private(set) var peerBoundDeliveredMessages: [(messageID: String, peerIDs: Set<PeerID>)] = []
+    private(set) var confirmedMediaMessageIDs: [String] = []
 
     @discardableResult
     func setDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String) -> Bool {
         store.setDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID)
     }
 
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(
+        _ status: DeliveryStatus,
+        forMessageID messageID: String,
+        inDirectPeerAliases peerIDs: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        store.setDeliveryStatus(
+            status,
+            forMessageID: messageID,
+            inDirectPeerAliases: peerIDs
+        )
+    }
+
     func deliveryStatus(forMessageID messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus? {
         store.deliveryStatus(forMessageID: messageID)
     }
@@ -604,6 +813,28 @@ private final class MockChatDeliveryContext: ChatDeliveryContext {
     func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String) {
         markedDeliveredMessageIDs.append(messageID)
     }
+
+    func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String, from peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) {
+        peerBoundDeliveredMessages.append((messageID, peerIDs))
+    }
+
+    func confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(_ messageID: String) {
+        confirmedMediaMessageIDs.append(messageID)
+    }
+
+    func isOutgoingPrivateMessage(_ messageID: String, toAny peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) -> Bool {
+        peerIDs.contains { peerID in
+            contextMessages(for: peerID).contains { message in
+                message.id == messageID && message.senderPeerID == localPeerID
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private let localPeerID = PeerID(str: "aabbccddeeff0011")
+
+    private func contextMessages(for peerID: PeerID) -> [BitchatMessage] {
+        store.conversationsByID[.directPeer(peerID)]?.messages ?? []
+    }
 }
 
 @MainActor
@@ -685,7 +916,163 @@ struct ChatDeliveryCoordinatorContextTests {
 
         #expect(isRead(coordinator.deliveryStatus(for: messageID)))
         #expect(context.notifyUIChangedCount == 1)
-        #expect(context.markedDeliveredMessageIDs == [messageID])
+        #expect(context.markedDeliveredMessageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].messageID == messageID)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].peerIDs == [peerID])
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticatedReceiptWithCollidingIDUpdatesOnlyAuthenticatedAliases() async {
+        let context = MockChatDeliveryContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatDeliveryCoordinator(context: context)
+        let ephemeralPeerID = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x08, count: 32))
+        let otherPeerID = PeerID(str: "1112131415161718")
+        let messageID = "authenticated-receipt-collision"
+        let mirroredMessage = makePrivateMessage(id: messageID, status: .sent)
+
+        context.store.append(mirroredMessage, to: .directPeer(ephemeralPeerID))
+        context.store.append(mirroredMessage, to: .directPeer(stablePeerID))
+        context.store.append(
+            makePrivateMessage(id: messageID, status: .sent),
+            to: .directPeer(otherPeerID)
+        )
+        context.store.append(makePublicMessage(id: messageID, status: .sent), to: .mesh)
+
+        let aliases: Set<PeerID> = [ephemeralPeerID, stablePeerID]
+        let didUpdate = coordinator.updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+            messageID,
+            status: .delivered(to: "Peer", at: Date()),
+            from: aliases
+        )
+
+        #expect(didUpdate)
+        #expect(isDelivered(
+            context.store.conversation(for: .directPeer(ephemeralPeerID))
+                .message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus
+        ))
+        #expect(isDelivered(
+            context.store.conversation(for: .directPeer(stablePeerID))
+                .message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus
+        ))
+        #expect(isSent(
+            context.store.conversation(for: .directPeer(otherPeerID))
+                .message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus
+        ))
+        #expect(isSent(
+            context.store.conversation(for: .mesh)
+                .message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus
+        ))
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].messageID == messageID)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].peerIDs == aliases)
+        #expect(context.notifyUIChangedCount == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticatedReceiptRemainsScopedAfterPeerAliasMigration() async {
+        let context = MockChatDeliveryContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatDeliveryCoordinator(context: context)
+        let ephemeralPeerID = PeerID(str: "2122232425262728")
+        let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x28, count: 32))
+        let otherPeerID = PeerID(str: "3132333435363738")
+        let messageID = "authenticated-receipt-after-migration"
+
+        context.store.append(
+            makePrivateMessage(id: messageID, status: .sent),
+            to: .directPeer(ephemeralPeerID)
+        )
+        context.store.append(
+            makePrivateMessage(id: messageID, status: .sent),
+            to: .directPeer(otherPeerID)
+        )
+        context.store.migrateConversation(
+            from: .directPeer(ephemeralPeerID),
+            to: .directPeer(stablePeerID)
+        )
+
+        let didUpdate = coordinator.updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+            messageID,
+            status: .read(by: "Peer", at: Date()),
+            from: [ephemeralPeerID, stablePeerID]
+        )
+
+        #expect(didUpdate)
+        #expect(context.store.conversationsByID[.directPeer(ephemeralPeerID)] == nil)
+        #expect(isRead(
+            context.store.conversation(for: .directPeer(stablePeerID))
+                .message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus
+        ))
+        #expect(isSent(
+            context.store.conversation(for: .directPeer(otherPeerID))
+                .message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus
+        ))
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func receiptFromWrongPeerDoesNotUpdateOrTerminalizeOutgoingMessage() async {
+        let context = MockChatDeliveryContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatDeliveryCoordinator(context: context)
+        let intendedPeer = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let otherPeer = PeerID(str: "1112131415161718")
+        let messageID = "wrong-peer-receipt"
+        context.store.append(
+            makePrivateMessage(id: messageID, status: .sent),
+            to: .directPeer(intendedPeer)
+        )
+
+        coordinator.didReceiveReadReceipt(
+            ReadReceipt(
+                originalMessageID: messageID,
+                readerID: otherPeer,
+                readerNickname: "Other"
+            )
+        )
+
+        #expect(isSent(coordinator.deliveryStatus(for: messageID)))
+        // The router-side clear runs, but bound only to the wrong peer's own
+        // aliases — a scoped no-op that cannot touch the intended peer's
+        // retained copy. Status, media retry, and UI stay untouched.
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].messageID == messageID)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].peerIDs == [otherPeer])
+        #expect(context.markedDeliveredMessageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(context.confirmedMediaMessageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(context.notifyUIChangedCount == 0)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func rejectedStaleReceiptDoesNotDowngradeStatusOrNotify() async {
+        let context = MockChatDeliveryContext()
+        let coordinator = ChatDeliveryCoordinator(context: context)
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let messageID = "stale-receipt"
+        context.store.append(
+            makePrivateMessage(
+                id: messageID,
+                status: .read(by: "Peer", at: Date())
+            ),
+            to: .directPeer(peerID)
+        )
+
+        let didUpdate = coordinator.updateAcknowledgedMessageDeliveryStatus(
+            messageID,
+            status: .delivered(to: "Peer", at: Date()),
+            from: [peerID]
+        )
+
+        #expect(!didUpdate)
+        #expect(isRead(coordinator.deliveryStatus(for: messageID)))
+        // The peer-scoped router clear re-runs (idempotent: the earlier read
+        // receipt already emptied this peer's retained copy), but the stale
+        // delivered ack must not downgrade the read status, release media, or
+        // notify the UI.
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(context.peerBoundDeliveredMessages[0].peerIDs == [peerID])
+        #expect(context.markedDeliveredMessageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(context.confirmedMediaMessageIDs.isEmpty)
+        #expect(context.notifyUIChangedCount == 0)
     }
 
     @Test @MainActor
diff --git a/bitchatTests/ConversationStoreTests.swift b/bitchatTests/ConversationStoreTests.swift
index fe200353..cc1e6e09 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/ConversationStoreTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/ConversationStoreTests.swift
@@ -1179,6 +1179,71 @@ struct ConversationStoreTests {
         #expect(statusChangedIDs.isEmpty)
     }
 
+    @Test("peer-scoped receipt updates only authenticated direct aliases")
+    @MainActor
+    func peerScopedReceiptUpdatesOnlyAuthenticatedDirectAliases() {
+        let store = ConversationStore()
+        let ephemeralPeer = PeerID(str: "0102030405060708")
+        let stablePeer = PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x08, count: 32))
+        let otherPeer = PeerID(str: "1112131415161718")
+        let ephemeral = ConversationID.directPeer(ephemeralPeer)
+        let stable = ConversationID.directPeer(stablePeer)
+        let other = ConversationID.directPeer(otherPeer)
+        let messageID = "scoped-receipt"
+        let mirrored = makeMessage(
+            id: messageID,
+            timestamp: 1,
+            isPrivate: true,
+            deliveryStatus: .sent
+        )
+        store.upsertByID(mirrored, in: ephemeral)
+        store.upsertByID(mirrored, in: stable)
+        store.upsertByID(
+            makeMessage(
+                id: messageID,
+                timestamp: 1,
+                isPrivate: true,
+                deliveryStatus: .sent
+            ),
+            in: other
+        )
+        store.upsertByID(
+            makeMessage(id: messageID, timestamp: 1, deliveryStatus: .sent),
+            in: .mesh
+        )
+
+        var cancellables = Set<AnyCancellable>()
+        var publishedIDs: [ConversationID] = []
+        for id in [ephemeral, stable, other, .mesh] {
+            store.conversation(for: id).objectWillChange
+                .sink { publishedIDs.append(id) }
+                .store(in: &cancellables)
+        }
+        var statusChangedIDs: [ConversationID] = []
+        store.changes
+            .sink { change in
+                if case .statusChanged(let id, messageID, _) = change,
+                   messageID == "scoped-receipt" {
+                    statusChangedIDs.append(id)
+                }
+            }
+            .store(in: &cancellables)
+
+        let delivered = DeliveryStatus.delivered(to: "bob", at: Date())
+        #expect(store.setDeliveryStatus(
+            delivered,
+            forMessageID: messageID,
+            inDirectPeerAliases: [ephemeralPeer, stablePeer]
+        ))
+
+        #expect(Set(publishedIDs) == Set([ephemeral, stable]))
+        #expect(Set(statusChangedIDs) == Set([ephemeral, stable]))
+        #expect(store.conversation(for: ephemeral).message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus == delivered)
+        #expect(store.conversation(for: stable).message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus == delivered)
+        #expect(store.conversation(for: other).message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus == .sent)
+        #expect(store.conversation(for: .mesh).message(withID: messageID)?.deliveryStatus == .sent)
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Invariant audit (field observability)
 
     /// A store exercised through every intent family: public + geohash +
diff --git a/bitchatTests/Mocks/MockTransport.swift b/bitchatTests/Mocks/MockTransport.swift
index b98bee5f..4620408f 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/Mocks/MockTransport.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/Mocks/MockTransport.swift
@@ -65,11 +65,15 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport, PrivateMediaDeletionPersisting {
     var peerFingerprints: [PeerID: String] = [:]
     var peerNoiseStates: [PeerID: LazyHandshakeState] = [:]
     var privateMediaPolicies: [PeerID: PrivateMediaSendPolicy] = [:]
+    var privateMediaReceiptSessionGenerations: [PeerID: UUID] = [:]
     var persistDeletedPrivateMediaResult = true
     var deferDeletedPrivateMediaPersistence = false
     private var pendingDeletedPrivateMediaCompletions: [
         @MainActor (Bool) -> Void
     ] = []
+    /// Optional synchronous hook for send-ordering tests (for example, an ack
+    /// arriving before the router's send call returns).
+    var onSendPrivateMessage: (@MainActor (_ messageID: String) -> Void)?
     private let mockKeychain = MockKeychain()
 
     // MARK: - Transport Protocol Implementation
@@ -174,6 +178,11 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport, PrivateMediaDeletionPersisting {
 
     func sendPrivateMessage(_ content: String, to peerID: PeerID, recipientNickname: String, messageID: String) {
         sentPrivateMessages.append((content, peerID, recipientNickname, messageID))
+        if let onSendPrivateMessage {
+            MainActor.assumeIsolated {
+                onSendPrivateMessage(messageID)
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     func sendReadReceipt(_ receipt: ReadReceipt, to peerID: PeerID) {
@@ -215,6 +224,12 @@ final class MockTransport: Transport, PrivateMediaDeletionPersisting {
         privateMediaPolicies[peerID] ?? .encrypted
     }
 
+    func authenticatedPrivateMediaReceiptSessionGeneration(
+        to peerID: PeerID
+    ) -> UUID? {
+        privateMediaReceiptSessionGenerations[peerID]
+    }
+
     func resolvePrivateMediaSendPolicy(
         to peerID: PeerID,
         completion: @escaping @MainActor (PrivateMediaSendPolicy) -> Void
diff --git a/bitchatTests/Performance/PerformanceBaselineTests.swift b/bitchatTests/Performance/PerformanceBaselineTests.swift
index 048e71a6..453a4a9a 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/Performance/PerformanceBaselineTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/Performance/PerformanceBaselineTests.swift
@@ -749,12 +749,30 @@ private final class PerfDeliveryContext: ChatDeliveryContext {
 
     func notifyUIChanged() {}
     func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String) {}
+    func markMessageDelivered(_ messageID: String, from peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) {}
+    func confirmPrivateMediaDelivery(_ messageID: String) {}
+    func isOutgoingPrivateMessage(_ messageID: String, toAny peerIDs: Set<PeerID>) -> Bool {
+        true
+    }
 
     @discardableResult
     func setDeliveryStatus(_ status: DeliveryStatus, forMessageID messageID: String) -> Bool {
         store.setDeliveryStatus(status, forMessageID: messageID)
     }
 
+    @discardableResult
+    func setDeliveryStatus(
+        _ status: DeliveryStatus,
+        forMessageID messageID: String,
+        inDirectPeerAliases peerIDs: Set<PeerID>
+    ) -> Bool {
+        store.setDeliveryStatus(
+            status,
+            forMessageID: messageID,
+            inDirectPeerAliases: peerIDs
+        )
+    }
+
     func deliveryStatus(forMessageID messageID: String) -> DeliveryStatus? {
         store.deliveryStatus(forMessageID: messageID)
     }
diff --git a/bitchatTests/Services/BridgeCourierServiceTests.swift b/bitchatTests/Services/BridgeCourierServiceTests.swift
index 6464c12b..edc7ab72 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/Services/BridgeCourierServiceTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/Services/BridgeCourierServiceTests.swift
@@ -203,6 +203,134 @@ struct BridgeCourierServiceTests {
         #expect(confirmed.sealRequests.isEmpty)
     }
 
+    @Test func sameMessageIDIsScopedByRecipientAcrossRejectedActiveAndPersistedState() {
+        let fileURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent("bridge-dedup-\(UUID().uuidString).json")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL) }
+        let rejectedKey = Fixture.randomKey()
+        let firstKey = Fixture.randomKey()
+        let secondKey = Fixture.randomKey()
+        let thirdKey = Fixture.randomKey()
+        let messageID = "recipient-scoped-collision"
+
+        let fixture = Fixture(dedupStore: BridgeDropDedupStore(fileURL: fileURL))
+        fixture.sealResult = makeEnvelope(
+            recipientKey: rejectedKey,
+            ciphertext: Data(
+                repeating: 7,
+                count: BridgeCourierService.Limits.maxDropEnvelopeBytes + 1
+            )
+        )
+        var rejectedResults: [Bool] = []
+        fixture.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "rejected",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: rejectedKey
+        ) { rejectedResults.append($0) }
+        #expect(rejectedResults == [false])
+
+        fixture.sealResult = makeEnvelope(recipientKey: firstKey)
+        fixture.automaticPublishResult = nil
+        var firstResults: [Bool] = []
+        var secondResults: [Bool] = []
+        var duplicateFirstResults: [Bool] = []
+        fixture.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "first",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: firstKey
+        ) { firstResults.append($0) }
+        fixture.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "second",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: secondKey
+        ) { secondResults.append($0) }
+        fixture.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "first duplicate",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: firstKey
+        ) { duplicateFirstResults.append($0) }
+
+        #expect(fixture.publishedEvents.count == 2)
+        #expect(fixture.pendingPublishCompletions.count == 2)
+        #expect(duplicateFirstResults == [false])
+        #expect(firstResults.isEmpty)
+        #expect(secondResults.isEmpty)
+
+        fixture.resolveNextPublish(true)
+        fixture.resolveNextPublish(true)
+        #expect(firstResults == [true])
+        #expect(secondResults == [true])
+        fixture.service.flushDedupSnapshot()
+
+        let relaunched = Fixture(
+            dedupStore: BridgeDropDedupStore(fileURL: fileURL)
+        )
+        relaunched.sealResult = makeEnvelope(recipientKey: thirdKey)
+        var relaunchResults: [Bool] = []
+        relaunched.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "first",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: firstKey
+        ) { relaunchResults.append($0) }
+        relaunched.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "second",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: secondKey
+        ) { relaunchResults.append($0) }
+        relaunched.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "third",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: thirdKey
+        ) { relaunchResults.append($0) }
+
+        #expect(relaunchResults == [false, false, true])
+        #expect(relaunched.sealRequests.count == 1)
+        #expect(relaunched.sealRequests.first?.key == thirdKey)
+        #expect(relaunched.publishedEvents.count == 1)
+    }
+
+    @Test func legacyPublishedMessageIDIsWildcardUntilItsOriginalExpiry() {
+        let fileURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
+            .appendingPathComponent("bridge-dedup-\(UUID().uuidString).json")
+        defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: fileURL) }
+        var date = Date()
+        let messageID = "legacy-wildcard"
+        let recipientKey = Fixture.randomKey()
+        let store = BridgeDropDedupStore(fileURL: fileURL)
+        store.save(BridgeDropDedupStore.Snapshot(
+            publishedDropKeys: [messageID: date],
+            seenDropEventIDs: [:]
+        ))
+
+        let fixture = Fixture(
+            now: { date },
+            dedupStore: BridgeDropDedupStore(fileURL: fileURL)
+        )
+        fixture.sealResult = makeEnvelope(recipientKey: recipientKey)
+        var results: [Bool] = []
+        fixture.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "legacy",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: recipientKey
+        ) { results.append($0) }
+        #expect(results == [false])
+        #expect(fixture.sealRequests.isEmpty)
+
+        date = date.addingTimeInterval(CourierEnvelope.maxLifetimeSeconds + 1)
+        fixture.service.depositDrop(
+            content: "after expiry",
+            messageID: messageID,
+            recipientNoiseKey: recipientKey
+        ) { results.append($0) }
+        #expect(results == [false, true])
+        #expect(fixture.publishedEvents.count == 1)
+        fixture.service.flushDedupSnapshot()
+
+        let snapshot = BridgeDropDedupStore(fileURL: fileURL).load()
+        #expect(snapshot.publishedDropKeys[messageID] == nil)
+        #expect(snapshot.publishedDropKeys.count == 1)
+    }
+
     @Test func panicWipeInvalidatesInFlightPublishCompletion() throws {
         let fileURL = FileManager.default.temporaryDirectory
             .appendingPathComponent("bridge-dedup-\(UUID().uuidString).json")
@@ -297,8 +425,10 @@ struct BridgeCourierServiceTests {
         #expect(firstResults == [false])
 
         // The evicted first drop is deposit-able again (slot released).
+        let sealCountBeforeRetry = fixture.sealRequests.count
         fixture.service.depositDrop(content: "0-retry", messageID: firstID, recipientNoiseKey: key)
-        #expect(fixture.service.pendingDrops.last?.dedupKey == firstID)
+        #expect(fixture.sealRequests.count == sealCountBeforeRetry + 1)
+        #expect(fixture.service.pendingDrops.count == BridgeCourierService.Limits.maxPendingDrops)
     }
 
     @Test func oversizeDropConsumesSlotInsteadOfChurning() {
diff --git a/bitchatTests/Services/MessageRouterTests.swift b/bitchatTests/Services/MessageRouterTests.swift
index a45b0bcd..a34acd7e 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/Services/MessageRouterTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/Services/MessageRouterTests.swift
@@ -79,18 +79,231 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
     }
 
     @Test @MainActor
-    func sendPrivate_connectedSendIsNotRetained() async {
+    func peerBoundDeliveryAckCannotClearAnotherPeersRetainedMessage() async {
+        let intendedPeer = PeerID(str: "0000000000000023")
+        let otherPeer = PeerID(str: "0000000000000024")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.reachablePeers = [intendedPeer, otherPeer]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "Secret",
+            to: intendedPeer,
+            recipientNickname: "Intended",
+            messageID: "peer-bound-ack"
+        )
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
+
+        // Even a receipt arriving over another authenticated conversation
+        // must not terminalize the intended peer's retained retry.
+        router.markDelivered("peer-bound-ack", from: [otherPeer])
+        router.flushOutbox(for: intendedPeer)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+
+        router.markDelivered("peer-bound-ack", from: [intendedPeer])
+        router.flushOutbox(for: intendedPeer)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func sendPrivate_connectedSecureSendRetainsUntilDeliveryAck() async {
         let peerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000007")
         let transport = MockTransport()
         transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
         transport.reachablePeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
 
         let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
         router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: peerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "m7")
         #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
 
-        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        // A newly authenticated/replacement session retries the retained
+        // message instead of losing the first ciphertext to a stale session.
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [peerID])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+
+        router.markDelivered("m7")
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [peerID])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticationRetry_matchesStableOutboxAliasWithoutDoubleSending() async {
+        let shortPeerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000019")
+        let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x19, count: 32))
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(stablePeerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [stablePeerID]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: stablePeerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "alias-retry")
+
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [shortPeerID, stablePeerID, stablePeerID])
+
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.messageID) == ["alias-retry", "alias-retry"])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.allSatisfy { $0.peerID == stablePeerID })
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticationRetry_preservesFIFOAcrossSplitAliases() async {
+        let shortPeerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000022")
+        let stablePeerID = PeerID(hexData: Data(repeating: 0x22, count: 32))
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers = [shortPeerID, stablePeerID]
+        transport.securePeers = [shortPeerID, stablePeerID]
+        let clock = MutableTestClock()
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport], now: { clock.now })
+
+        // The older message lives under the stable key, even though the auth
+        // callback supplies the ephemeral alias first.
+        router.sendPrivate("Older", to: stablePeerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "fifo-old")
+        clock.now = clock.now.addingTimeInterval(1)
+        router.sendPrivate("Newer", to: shortPeerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "fifo-new")
+        transport.resetRecordings()
+
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [shortPeerID, stablePeerID])
+
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.messageID) == ["fifo-old", "fifo-new"])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.peerID) == [stablePeerID, shortPeerID])
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticationRetry_doesNotDuplicateNormalPendingHandshakeSend() async {
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000020")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = []
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: peerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "normal-handshake")
         #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
+
+        // BLE owns this pending send and drains it after authentication. Once
+        // the session becomes secure, the router's targeted auth retry must
+        // stay silent instead of producing a second copy.
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [peerID])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
+
+        router.markDelivered("normal-handshake")
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticationRetry_scopesCollidingMessageIDsByPeer() async {
+        let securePeer = PeerID(str: "0000000000000025")
+        let pendingPeer = PeerID(str: "0000000000000026")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers = [securePeer, pendingPeer]
+        transport.securePeers = [securePeer]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        let promotedID = "collision-promoted"
+        let clearedID = "collision-cleared"
+
+        // Pending B then secure A: an ID-global marker falsely promotes B.
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "pending promoted",
+            to: pendingPeer,
+            recipientNickname: "Pending",
+            messageID: promotedID
+        )
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "secure promoted",
+            to: securePeer,
+            recipientNickname: "Secure",
+            messageID: promotedID
+        )
+
+        // Secure A then pending B: an ID-global removal falsely clears A.
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "secure cleared",
+            to: securePeer,
+            recipientNickname: "Secure",
+            messageID: clearedID
+        )
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "pending cleared",
+            to: pendingPeer,
+            recipientNickname: "Pending",
+            messageID: clearedID
+        )
+
+        transport.resetRecordings()
+        transport.securePeers = [securePeer, pendingPeer]
+
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [pendingPeer])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.isEmpty)
+
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [securePeer])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+        #expect(Set(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.messageID)) == [promotedID, clearedID])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.allSatisfy { $0.peerID == securePeer })
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func authenticationRetry_doesNotDuplicateMessageRequeuedByBLEForHandshake() async {
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000021")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: peerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "session-lost")
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
+
+        // The session disappears before a normal outbox flush. That send is
+        // now owned by BLE's pending-handshake queue, so it clears the
+        // router's secure-auth retry marker.
+        transport.securePeers = []
+        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+        router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [peerID])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+
+        router.markDelivered("session-lost")
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func sendPrivate_fastDeliveryAckCannotRaceAheadOfRetention() async {
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000017")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        transport.onSendPrivateMessage = { messageID in
+            router.markDelivered(messageID)
+        }
+
+        router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: peerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "fast-ack")
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.messageID) == ["fast-ack"])
+
+        transport.onSendPrivateMessage = nil
+        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.messageID) == ["fast-ack"])
+    }
+
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func flushOutbox_synchronousAckDoesNotResurrectSnapshotEntry() async {
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "0000000000000018")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: peerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "flush-fast-ack")
+        transport.onSendPrivateMessage = { messageID in
+            router.markDelivered(messageID)
+        }
+
+        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+
+        transport.onSendPrivateMessage = nil
+        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
     }
 
     @Test @MainActor
@@ -392,10 +605,31 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
         #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 11)
     }
 
-    /// With an established secure session the connected fast-path stays
-    /// exactly as before: trusted outright, no retained copy, no courier.
     @Test @MainActor
-    func sendPrivate_connectedWithSecureSessionIsTrustedOutright() async {
+    func authenticationRetry_capsActualSecureTransmissions() async {
+        let peerID = PeerID(str: "00000000000000ad")
+        let transport = MockTransport()
+        transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
+        transport.securePeers = [peerID]
+
+        let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport])
+        var dropped: [String] = []
+        router.onMessageDropped = { messageID, _ in dropped.append(messageID) }
+
+        router.sendPrivate("Hello", to: peerID, recipientNickname: "Peer", messageID: "secure-retry")
+        for _ in 0..<10 {
+            router.retrySecurePrivateMessagesAfterAuthentication(for: [peerID])
+        }
+
+        #expect(dropped == ["secure-retry"])
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 8)
+    }
+
+    /// With an established secure session the connected fast-path sends
+    /// immediately and never leaks to couriers, but retains a local encrypted
+    /// outbox copy until the peer confirms receipt.
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func sendPrivate_connectedWithSecureSessionRetainsLocallyWithoutCourier() async {
         let peerID = PeerID(str: "00000000000000ab")
         let peerKey = Data(repeating: 0xAB, count: 32)
         let courier = PeerID(str: "00000000000000cc")
@@ -415,7 +649,11 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
         #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.map(\.messageID) == ["cs2"])
         #expect(transport.sentCourierMessages.isEmpty)
         router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
-        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 1)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
+        #expect(transport.sentCourierMessages.isEmpty)
+        router.markDelivered("cs2")
+        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        #expect(transport.sentPrivateMessages.count == 2)
     }
 
     @Test @MainActor
@@ -527,6 +765,52 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
         #expect(carried == ["bridge-ack"])
     }
 
+    @Test @MainActor
+    func bridgeDepositsScopeCollidingMessageIDsByRecipient() async {
+        let firstRecipient = PeerID(str: "00000000000000b1")
+        let secondRecipient = PeerID(str: "00000000000000b2")
+        let firstKey = Data(repeating: 0xB1, count: 32)
+        let secondKey = Data(repeating: 0xB2, count: 32)
+        let recipientKeys = [
+            firstRecipient: firstKey,
+            secondRecipient: secondKey
+        ]
+        let router = MessageRouter(
+            transports: [MockTransport()],
+            courierDirectory: CourierDirectory(
+                noiseKey: { recipientKeys[$0] },
+                isTrustedCourier: { _ in false }
+            )
+        )
+        var requestedKeys: [Data] = []
+        var completions: [@MainActor (Bool) -> Void] = []
+        router.bridgeCourierDeposit = { _, _, recipientKey, completion in
+            requestedKeys.append(recipientKey)
+            completions.append(completion)
+        }
+        var carriedPeers: [PeerID] = []
+        router.onMessageCarried = { _, peerID in carriedPeers.append(peerID) }
+
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "First",
+            to: firstRecipient,
+            recipientNickname: "First",
+            messageID: "bridge-collision"
+        )
+        router.sendPrivate(
+            "Second",
+            to: secondRecipient,
+            recipientNickname: "Second",
+            messageID: "bridge-collision"
+        )
+
+        #expect(completions.count == 2)
+        #expect(Set(requestedKeys) == [firstKey, secondKey])
+
+        completions.forEach { $0(true) }
+        #expect(Set(carriedPeers) == [firstRecipient, secondRecipient])
+    }
+
     // MARK: - Outbox persistence
 
     @Test @MainActor
@@ -643,7 +927,10 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
         transport.reachablePeers.formUnion([acknowledgedPeer, otherPeer])
         let router = MessageRouter(transports: [transport], outboxStore: restoredStore)
 
-        #expect(!router.markDelivered("shared-locked-id", for: [acknowledgedPeer]))
+        router.markDelivered(
+            "shared-locked-id",
+            from: [acknowledgedPeer]
+        )
         protectedDataUnavailable = false
         restoredStore.retryDeferredLoad()
         await Task.yield()
@@ -853,12 +1140,14 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
         protectedDataUnavailable = false
         restoredStore.retryDeferredLoad() // captures unseen durable + known wake
 
-        // Secure direct flush removes the wake message before recovery's
-        // MainActor merge. It must remain removed, while the unseen durable
-        // message still arrives through the pending recovery claim.
+        // A secure direct retry followed by its delivery ack removes the wake
+        // message before recovery's MainActor merge. It must remain removed,
+        // while the unseen durable message still arrives through the pending
+        // recovery claim.
         transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
         transport.securePeers = [peerID]
         router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        router.markDelivered("recovery-gap-known")
         await Task.yield()
         await Task.yield()
 
@@ -929,7 +1218,8 @@ struct MessageRouterTests {
         restoredStore.retryDeferredLoad() // persists D+W and queues recovery
         transport.connectedPeers.insert(peerID)
         transport.securePeers = [peerID]
-        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID) // removes W before queued callback
+        router.flushOutbox(for: peerID)
+        router.markDelivered("recovery-write-failure-known") // removes W before queued callback
 
         // The gap save may remove W, but it must leave unseen D durable until
         // MessageRouter receives the pending recovery callback.
diff --git a/bitchatTests/VoiceRecorderTests.swift b/bitchatTests/VoiceRecorderTests.swift
index 116e73fe..c9b6839e 100644
--- a/bitchatTests/VoiceRecorderTests.swift
+++ b/bitchatTests/VoiceRecorderTests.swift
@@ -13,17 +13,16 @@ import Testing
 private final class VoiceRecorderTestSession: SessionApplying, @unchecked Sendable {
     private let lock = NSLock()
     private let activationGate = DispatchSemaphore(value: 0)
+    private let activationBeganGate = DispatchSemaphore(value: 0)
     private let shouldGateFirstActivation: Bool
     private var gatedFirstActivation = false
     private var _activationCalls: [Bool] = []
-    private var _activationBegan = false
 
     init(gateFirstActivation: Bool = false) {
         self.shouldGateFirstActivation = gateFirstActivation
     }
 
     var activationCalls: [Bool] { lock.withLock { _activationCalls } }
-    var activationBegan: Bool { lock.withLock { _activationBegan } }
 
     func setCategory(_ category: AudioSessionCoordinator.Category) throws {}
 
@@ -32,14 +31,28 @@ private final class VoiceRecorderTestSession: SessionApplying, @unchecked Sendab
             _activationCalls.append(active)
             guard active, shouldGateFirstActivation, !gatedFirstActivation else { return false }
             gatedFirstActivation = true
-            _activationBegan = true
             return true
         }
         if shouldWait {
+            activationBeganGate.signal()
             activationGate.wait()
         }
     }
 
+    func waitUntilActivationBegan(
+        timeout: DispatchTimeInterval = .seconds(5)
+    ) async -> Bool {
+        await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
+            DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
+                continuation.resume(
+                    returning: self.activationBeganGate.wait(
+                        timeout: DispatchTime.now() + timeout
+                    ) == .success
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     func resumeActivation() {
         activationGate.signal()
     }
@@ -142,26 +155,38 @@ private final class TestVoiceAudioRecorderFactory: VoiceAudioRecorderCreating {
 /// this remains deterministic when the full test suite saturates the executor.
 private final class VoiceRecorderPaddingGate: @unchecked Sendable {
     private let lock = NSLock()
-    private var _entered = false
+    private let enteredGate = DispatchSemaphore(value: 0)
     private var isOpen = false
     private var openWaiters: [CheckedContinuation<Void, Never>] = []
 
-    var entered: Bool { lock.withLock { _entered } }
-
     func wait() async {
         await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
             let resumeImmediately = lock.withLock { () -> Bool in
-                _entered = true
                 guard !isOpen else { return true }
                 openWaiters.append(continuation)
                 return false
             }
+            enteredGate.signal()
             if resumeImmediately {
                 continuation.resume()
             }
         }
     }
 
+    func waitUntilEntered(
+        timeout: DispatchTimeInterval = .seconds(5)
+    ) async -> Bool {
+        await withCheckedContinuation { continuation in
+            DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async {
+                continuation.resume(
+                    returning: self.enteredGate.wait(
+                        timeout: DispatchTime.now() + timeout
+                    ) == .success
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     func open() {
         let waiters = lock.withLock { () -> [CheckedContinuation<Void, Never>] in
             isOpen = true
@@ -181,18 +206,6 @@ struct VoiceRecorderTests {
         return url
     }
 
-    private func waitUntil(
-        _ condition: () -> Bool,
-        sourceLocation: SourceLocation = #_sourceLocation
-    ) async {
-        let deadline = ContinuousClock.now.advanced(by: .seconds(5))
-        while !condition(), ContinuousClock.now < deadline {
-            await Task.yield()
-            try? await Task.sleep(nanoseconds: 1_000_000)
-        }
-        #expect(condition(), sourceLocation: sourceLocation)
-    }
-
     @Test func cancelWhileSessionAcquireIsInFlightNeverCreatesARecorder() async throws {
         let directory = try makeTemporaryDirectory()
         defer { try? FileManager.default.removeItem(at: directory) }
@@ -210,7 +223,7 @@ struct VoiceRecorderTests {
         let owner = VoiceRecorder.RecordingOwner()
 
         let startTask = Task { try await voiceRecorder.startRecording(owner: owner) }
-        await waitUntil { session.activationBegan }
+        #expect(await session.waitUntilActivationBegan())
 
         await voiceRecorder.cancelRecording(owner: owner)
         session.resumeActivation()
@@ -308,7 +321,7 @@ struct VoiceRecorderTests {
         try await finishingHold.start()
         let firstURL = try #require(factory.urls.first)
         let finishTask = Task { await finishingHold.finish() }
-        await waitUntil { paddingGate.entered }
+        #expect(await paddingGate.waitUntilEntered())
 
         await #expect(throws: VoiceRecorder.RecorderError.recordingInProgress) {
             try await rejectedHold.start()